কোৱা
Assamese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʊa/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Magadhi Prakrit *𑀓𑀸𑀬 (*kāya), from Sanskrit কাক (kāka). Compare Sylheti ꠇꠣꠃꠀ (xaua), Hindi कौआ (kauā).
Alternative forms
- কাউৰী (kauri) — generic, female
Noun
কোৱা • (küa) (classifier -টো)
Declension
Declension of কোৱা | |
---|---|
nominative | কোৱা / কোৱাই küa / küai |
genitive | কোৱাৰ küar |
nominative | কোৱা / কোৱাই küa / küai |
accusative | কোৱা / কোৱাক küa / küak |
dative | কোৱালৈ küaloi |
terminative | কোৱালৈকে küaloike |
instrumental | কোৱাই / কোৱাৰে küai / küare |
genitive | কোৱাৰ küar |
locative | কোৱাত küat |
Notes | |
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural. Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc. Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive. Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise. Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too. Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common. Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese. Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week. |
Derived terms
- ঢোঁৰাকোৱা (dhü̃raküa)
- পাতিকোৱা (patiküa)
- পানীকোৱা (paniküa)
Etymology 2
Assamese verb set |
---|
কোৱা (küa) |
কোওৱা (küüa) |
কোওওৱা (küüüa) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʊa/
Etymology 3
Inherited from Sanskrit কথযতি (katháyati). Cognate with Sylheti ꠇꠃꠀ (xoua), Hindustani कहना (kahnā) / کہنا (kahnā).
Verb
কোৱা • (küa) (transitive)
Conjugation
impersonal forms of কোৱা
Affirmative (+) | Negative (-) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Stem | ক ko |
নক noko | |
Gerund, Past participle, Agentive | কোৱা küa |
নোকোৱা nüküa | |
Conjugative | কৈ koi |
নকৈ nokoi | |
Infinitive | ক’ব köbo |
নক’ব noköbo | |
Genitive infinitive | ক’বৰ köbor |
নক’বৰ noköbor | |
Goal | ক’বলৈ köboloi |
নক’বলৈ noköboloi | |
Terminative | ক’বলৈকে köboloike |
নক’বলৈকে noköboloike | |
Future passive participle | ক’ব লগা köbo loga |
নক’ব লগা noköbo loga | |
Agentive (emphatic) | (♂) | কওঁতা koü̃ta |
নকওঁতা nokoü̃ta |
♀ | কোৱঁতী küõti |
নোকোৱঁতী nüküõti | |
Contingent | কওঁতে koü͂te |
নকওঁতে nokoü͂te | |
Progressive participle | কওঁতে - কওঁতে koü͂te - koü͂te |
নকওঁতে - নকওঁতে nokoü͂te - nokoü͂te | |
Reason | কোৱাত küat |
নোকোৱাত nüküat | |
Past conditional | ক’লত kölot |
নক’লত nokölot | |
Future conditional | ক’লে köle |
নক’লে noköle | |
Perfect participle | কৈ koi |
নকৈ nokoi | |
Habitual participle | কৈ-কৈ koi-koi |
নকৈ-নকৈ nokoi-nokoi |
Conjugation forms of কোৱা
Person | First person | Second person | Third person | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very faml. & Inferior |
Familiar | Honorific | Non honorific | ||||
Singular | মই moi |
তই toi |
তুমি tumi |
আপুনি apuni |
তেওঁ etc teü͂ |
সি ♂, তাই ♀ etc xi ♂, tai ♀ | |
Plural | i | আমি ami |
তহঁত tohõt |
তোমালোক tümalük |
আপোনালোক apünalük |
তেওঁলোক teü͂lük |
সিহঁত etc xihõt |
t | তহঁতে tohõte |
তোমালোকে tümalüke |
আপোনালোকে apünalüke |
তেওঁলোকে teü͂lüke |
সিহঁতে etc xihõte | ||
Present | |||||||
Indefinite | + | কওঁ koü͂ |
কৱ koo |
কোৱা küa |
কয় koy | ||
- | নকওঁ nokoü͂ |
নকৱ nokoo |
নোকোৱা nüküa |
নকয় nokoy | |||
Imperfective | + | কৈছোঁ koisü͂ |
কৈছ koiso |
কৈছা koisa |
কৈছে koise | ||
- | Imperfective | ||||||
কোৱা নাই küa nai | |||||||
"not about to" (usage is not common) | |||||||
{{{pres-perf-5}}} {{{pres-perf-5-tr}}} |
{{{pres-perf-6vf}}} {{{pres-perf-6vf-tr}}} |
{{{pres-perf-6f}}} {{{pres-perf-6f-tr}}} |
{{{pres-perf-7}}} {{{pres-perf-7-tr}}} | ||||
Continuous | + | কৈ আছোঁ koi asü͂ |
কৈ আছ koi aso |
কৈ আছা koi asa |
কৈ আছে koi ase | ||
- | কৈ থকা নাই koi thoka nai | ||||||
Past | |||||||
Simple | + | ক’লোঁ kölü͂ |
কলি koli |
ক’লা köla |
ক’লে köle | ||
- | নক’লোঁ nokölü͂ |
নকলি nokoli |
নক’লা noköla |
নক’লে noköle | |||
Imperfective | + | কৈছিলোঁ koisilü͂ |
কৈছিলি koisili |
কৈছিলা koisila |
কৈছিলে koi}sile | ||
- | Imperfective | ||||||
নকৈছিলোঁ nokoisilü͂ |
নকৈছিলি nokoisili |
নকৈছিলা nokoisila |
নকৈছিলে nokoisile | ||||
Habitual | |||||||
{{{past-simp-7}}} {{{past-simp-7-tr}}} |
{{{past-simp-8vf}}} {{{past-simp-8vf-tr}}} |
{{{past-simp-8f}}} {{{past-simp-8f-tr}}} |
{{{past-simp-9}}} {{{past-simp-9-tr}}} | ||||
Continuous | + | কৈ আছিলোঁ koi asilü͂ |
কৈ আছিলি koi asili |
কৈ আছিলা koi asila |
কৈ আছিলে koi asile | ||
- | কৈ থকা নাছিলোঁ koi thoka nasilü͂ |
কৈ থকা নাছিলি koi thoka nasili |
কৈ থকা নাছিলা koi thoka nasila |
কৈ থকা নাছিলে koi thoka nasile | |||
Future | |||||||
Indicative | + | ক’ম köm |
কবি kobi |
ক’বা köba |
ক’ব köbo | ||
- | Indicative | ||||||
নকওঁ nokoü͂ |
নকৱ nokoo |
নোকোৱা nüküa |
নকয় nokoy | ||||
"Perhaps" | |||||||
নক’ম noköm |
নকবি nokobi |
নক’বা noköba |
নক’ব noköbo | ||||
Continuous | + | কৈ থাকিম koi thakim |
কৈ থাকিবি koi thakibi |
কৈ থাকিবা koi thakiba |
কৈ থাকিব koi thakibo | ||
- | |||||||
Indicative | |||||||
কৈ নাথাকিম koi nathakim |
কৈ নাথাকিবি koi nathakibi |
কৈ নাথাকিবা koi nathakiba |
কৈ নাথাকিব koi nathakibo | ||||
"Perhaps" | |||||||
{{{fut-cont-7}}} {{{fut-cont-7-tr}}} |
{{{fut-cont-8vf}}} {{{fut-cont-8vf-tr}}} |
{{{fut-cont-8f}}} {{{fut-cont-8f-tr}}} |
{{{fut-cont-9}}} {{{fut-cont-9-tr}}} | ||||
Others | |||||||
Imperative | + | কওঁ koü͂ |
ক ko |
কোৱা küa |
কওক koük | ||
- | — | নকবি nokobi |
নক’বা noköba |
নক’ব noköbo | |||
❋ Note 1: i = for intransitive verbs, t = for transitive verbs. The suffix -এ (-e) marks ergative case. | |||||||
❋ Note 2: Sometimes -হঁক (-hõk) or less commonly -হঁত (-hõt) suffix is used for plural pronouns, like আমি কৰোহঁক (ami korühõk), আপোনালোক আহিলেহঁক (apünalük ahilehõk) etc. | |||||||
❋ Note 3: For intransitive verbs like যোৱা (züa, “to go”) the 3rd person suffix -এ (-e) in simple past tense is not used, like সি গ’ল (xi göl), not সি গ’লে (xi göle). | |||||||
❋ Note 4: Other 3rd person pronouns have the same conjugation. Click here to see other personal pronouns. |
Related terms
- কথা পতা (kotha pota)
Etymology 4
Inherited from Early Assamese *কাৱা (kawa), from Sanskrit কাক (kāka). Cognate with Sylheti ꠇꠣꠃꠣ (xaua).
Alternative forms
- কাউৰী (kauri) (more common)
Declension
Inflection of কোৱা
Indefinite forms | Definite forms | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
numeral | non-numeral (plural) | ||||||||||||
singular | plural | informal | |||||||||||
♂ | ♀ | ♂ | ♀ | ||||||||||
absolutive | কোৱা küa |
কোৱাটো küatü |
কোৱাজনী küazoni |
কোৱাকেইটা küakeita |
কোৱাকেইজনী küakeizoni |
কোৱাবোৰ küabür |
কোৱাবিলাক küabilak | ||||||
ergative | কোৱাই küai |
কোৱাটোৱে küatüe |
কোৱাজনীয়ে küazonie |
কোৱাকেইটাই küakeitai |
কোৱাকেইজনীয়ে küakeizonie |
কোৱাবোৰে küabüre |
কোৱাবিলাকে küabilake | ||||||
accusative | কোৱাক küak |
কোৱাটোক küatük |
কোৱাজনীক küazonik |
কোৱাকেইটাক küakeizonik |
কোৱাকেইজনীক küakeizonik |
কোৱাবোৰক küabürok |
কোৱাবিলাকক küabilakok | ||||||
genitive | কোৱাৰ küar |
কোৱাটোৰ küatür |
কোৱাজনীৰ küazonir |
কোৱাকেইটাৰ küakeitar |
কোৱাকেইজনীৰ küakeizonir |
কোৱাবোৰৰ küabüror |
কোৱাবিলাকৰ küabilakor | ||||||
dative | কোৱালৈ küaloi |
কোৱাটোলৈ küatüloi |
কোৱাজনীলৈ küazoniloi |
কোৱাকেইটালৈ küakeitaloi |
কোৱাকেইজনীলৈ küakeizoniloi |
কোৱাবোৰলৈ küabüroloi |
কোৱাবিলাকলৈ küabilakoloi | ||||||
terminative | কোৱালৈকে küaloike |
কোৱাটোলৈকে küatüloike |
কোৱাজনীলৈকে küazoniloike |
কোৱাকেইটালৈকে küakeitaloi |
কোৱাকেইজনীলৈকে küakeizoniloike |
কোৱাবোৰলৈকে küabüroloike |
কোৱাবিলাকলৈকে küabilakoloike | ||||||
instrumental | কোৱাৰে küare |
কোৱাটোৰে küatüre |
কোৱাজনীৰে küazonire |
কোৱাকেইটাৰে küakeitare |
কোৱাকেইজনীৰে küakeizonire |
কোৱাবোৰেৰে küabürere |
কোৱাবিলাকেৰে küabilakere | ||||||
locative | কোৱাত küat |
কোৱাটোত küatüt |
কোৱাজনীত küatüt |
কোৱাকেইটাত küakeitat |
কোৱাকেইজনীত küakeizonit |
কোৱাবোৰত küabürot |
কোৱাবিলাকত küabilakot | ||||||
Classifier Note: The classifier -টো (-tü) and its plural variant -টা (-ta) can be used for both male and female. Accusative Note: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense. No case marking is used for inanimate sense. Dative Note 1: In some dialects -অলৈ (-oloi)'s variant -অলে (-ole) is used instead. Dative Note 2: Sometimes -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Dative Note 3: In some dialects -অত (-ot) or -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Instrumental Note: In some dialects -এদি (-edi) marks this case instead of -এৰে (-ere). |
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