सरस्वती

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सरस्वती (sarasvatī). Doublet of सरसई (sarsaī) and सरसूती (sarsūtī).

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /sə.ɾəs.ʋə.t̪iː/, [sɐ.ɾɐs.ʋɐ.t̪iː]

सरस्वती • (sarasvatī) f (Urdu spelling سرسوتی)

1. (Hinduism) Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and speech
2. (geography) Sarasvati, a legendary river mentioned in the Rigveda

• सरसूती (sarsūtī)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *SáraswatiH, from *sáras (compare सरस् (sáras, “pond, pool”)),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *séles-wn̥t-ih₂ (“she with many pools”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (haraxvaⁱtī), a region described to be rich in rivers, Old Persian 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫 (h-r-u-v-t /⁠harauvati⁠/), the Helmand river system.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ.ɾɐs.ʋɐ.tiː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐˈɾɐs̪.ʋɐ.t̪iː/

सरस्वती • (sárasvatī) stem, f

1. the Saraswati river
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.95.1:

     प्र क्षोद॑सा॒ धाय॑सा सस्र ए॒षा सर॑स्वती ध॒रुण॒माय॑सी॒ पूः ।
     प्र॒बाब॑धाना र॒थ्ये॑व याति॒ विश्वा॑ अ॒पो म॑हि॒ना सिन्धु॑र॒न्याः ॥

     prá kṣódasā dhā́yasā sasra eṣā́ sárasvatī dharúṇamā́yasī pū́ḥ.
     prabā́badhānā rathyèva yāti víśvā apó mahinā́ síndhuranyā́ḥ.

     This Sarasvatī, firm as a city made of metal, flows rapidly with all sustaining water, sweeping away in it might all other waters, as a charioteer clears the road.

2. name of a region abounding in pools and lakes
3. name of a well-known small river (held very sacred by the Hindus; identified with the modern Sursooty)
4. name of various rivers (especially of rivers which in sacredness are equal to Saraswati and which are three according to Atharvaveda vi, 101, and seven according to Mahabharata ix, 2188)
5. Saraswati, the goddess of eloquence and learning
6. various plants, including
   1. Cardiospermum halicacabum
   2. Aegle marmelos
   3. Ruta graveolens
7. name of a two-year-old girl representing दुर्गा (durgā) at her festival
8. name of a poetess
9. name of various other women
10. name of one of the ten mendicant orders traced back to शंकराचार्य (śaṃkarācārya) (whose members add the word sarasvatī to their names)

सरस्वती • (sárasvatī) stem, f

1. any river
2. speech or the power of speech, eloquence, learning wisdom
3. a celestial or oracular voice
4. cow
5. excellent woman

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀈 (sarassaī)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀤𑀻 (sarassadī)
  • Hindi: सरसई (sarsaī)
  • Urdu: سَرسائی (sarsā'ī)
• → Assamese: সৰস্বতী (xorossoti)
• → Burmese: သူရဿတီ (sura.ssa.ti)
• → English: Saraswati
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सरस्वती (sarasvatī)

  Urdu: سرسوتی (Sarasvatī, Sarsūtī)

• → Japanese: 弁才天 (Benzaiten)
• → Kannada: ಸರಸ್ವತೀ (sarasvatī)
• → Telugu: సరస్వతి (sarasvati)

• Monier Williams (1899) “सरस्वती”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1182/2-3.