शाप

Hindi

Alternative forms

श्राप (śrāp)
सराप (sarāp)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːp/, [ʃäːp]

Noun

शाप • (śāp) m (Urdu spelling شاپ)

curse, bane
Synonym: अभिशाप (abhiśāp)

Declension

Declension of शाप (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शाप śāp	शाप śāp
oblique	शाप śāp	शापों śāpõ
vocative	शाप śāp	शापो śāpo

Derived terms

शाप देना (śāp denā, “to accurse, to damn”)
शापग्रस्त (śāpagrast, “accursed, maledict”)
शापमुक्त (śāpmukt, “curse-free”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

শাপ (Assamese script)
ᬰᬵᬧ (Balinese script)
শাপ (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰯𑰢 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀸𑀧 (Brahmi script)
ၐာပ (Burmese script)
શાપ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ਾਪ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑌾𑌪 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦴꦥ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂰𑂣 (Kaithi script)
ಶಾಪ (Kannada script)
ឝាប (Khmer script)
ຨາປ (Lao script)
ശാപ (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢒᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘰𑘢 (Modi script)
ᠱᠠᢗᢒᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧑𑧂 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐵𑐥 (Newa script)
ଶାପ (Odia script)
ꢯꢵꢦ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆳𑆥 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖯𑖢 (Siddham script)
ශාප (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩛𑩰 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚭𑚞 (Takri script)
ஶாப (Tamil script)
శాప (Telugu script)
ศาป (Thai script)
ཤཱ་པ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒰𑒣 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨊𑨞 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of the root शप् (śap, “to curse”). Compare Persian (sab, “curse, insult”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.pɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɑː.pɐ/

Noun

शाप • (śāpa) stem, m

spell
ban
curse
- c. 400 CE, Kālidāsa, Raghuvaṃśa 1.78:
  स शापो न त्वया राजन्न च सारथिना श्रुतः।
  नदत्याकाशगङ्गायाः स्रोतस्युद्दमदिग्गजे
  sa śāpo na tvayā rājanna ca sārathinā śrutaḥ.
  nadatyākāśagaṅgāyāḥ srotasyuddamadiggaje
  ”O king! Not you, nor the charioteer did hear that curse because there were
  legendary elephants rutty amid the strident torrents of the celestial Ganga”

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाप (śāpa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शापः śāpaḥ	शापौ / शापा¹ śāpau / śāpā¹	शापाः / शापासः¹ śāpāḥ / śāpāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शाप śāpa	शापौ / शापा¹ śāpau / śāpā¹	शापाः / शापासः¹ śāpāḥ / śāpāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शापम् śāpam	शापौ / शापा¹ śāpau / śāpā¹	शापान् śāpān
Instrumental	शापेन śāpena	शापाभ्याम् śāpābhyām	शापैः / शापेभिः¹ śāpaiḥ / śāpebhiḥ¹
Dative	शापाय śāpāya	शापाभ्याम् śāpābhyām	शापेभ्यः śāpebhyaḥ
Ablative	शापात् śāpāt	शापाभ्याम् śāpābhyām	शापेभ्यः śāpebhyaḥ
Genitive	शापस्य śāpasya	शापयोः śāpayoḥ	शापानाम् śāpānām
Locative	शापे śāpe	शापयोः śāpayoḥ	शापेषु śāpeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

अभिशाप (abhiśāpa)

Related terms

शपथ (śapatha, “an oath”)
शपथकरण (śapathakaraṇa, “the swearing of an oath”)
शपथपत्त्र (śapathapattra, “written testimony on oath or affidavit”)
शपथेय्य (śapatheyya, “a curser, a swearer”)

Descendants

Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: শাও (xaü)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀯 (sāva)
- Marathi: शाप (śāp)
Pali: sāpa
- Khmer: សាប (saap)
- Thai: สาป (sàap)
→ Awadhi: साप (sāp)
→ Hindi: शाप (śāp)
→ Bengali: শাপ (śap)
→ Malayalam: ശാപം (śāpaṁ)
→ Old Javanese: śāpa
- Javanese: ꦱꦥ (sapa, “curse”)
- → Balinese: ᬰᬵᬧ (sapa)
→ Tamil: சாபம் (cāpam)
→ Telugu: శాపం (śāpaṁ)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “शाप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1065.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śāpa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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