वृद्धि

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वृद्धि (vṛ́ddhi). Doublet of बाढ़ (bāṛh), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʋɾɪd̪.d̪ʱiː/, [ʋɾɪd̪̚.d̪ʱiː]

Noun

वृद्धि • (vŕddhi) f (Urdu spelling وردھی)

increase, growth, augmentation
Synonym: वर्धन (vardhan)
lengthening
gain, profit
Synonym: फ़ायदा (fāydā)
(grammar) vrddhi

Declension

Declension of वृद्धि (fem i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	वृद्धि vŕddhi	वृद्धियाँ vŕddhiyā̃
oblique	वृद्धि vŕddhi	वृद्धियों vŕddhiyõ
vocative	वृद्धि vŕddhi	वृद्धियो vŕddhiyo

References

Platts, John T. (1884) “वृद्धि”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৱৃদ্ধি (Assamese script)
ᬯᬺᬤ᭄ᬥᬶ (Balinese script)
বৃদ্ধি (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰴𑰟𑰿𑰠𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑀾𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဝၖဒ္ဓိ (Burmese script)
વૃદ્ધિ (Gujarati script)
ਵ੍ਰਦ੍ਧਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑍃𑌦𑍍𑌧𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦽꦢ꧀ꦣꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑃂𑂠𑂹𑂡𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ವೃದ್ಧಿ (Kannada script)
វ្ឫទ្ធិ (Khmer script)
ວ຺ຣິທ຺ຘິ (Lao script)
വൃദ്ധി (Malayalam script)
ᠸᡵᡳᡩᢡᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘵𑘟𑘿𑘠𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠸᠷᠢᢑᢑᠾᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑧖𑦿𑧠𑧀𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐺𑐡𑑂𑐢𑐶 (Newa script)
ଵୃଦ୍ଧି (Odia script)
ꢮꢺꢣ꣄ꢤꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆸𑆢𑇀𑆣𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖴𑖟𑖿𑖠𑖰 (Siddham script)
වෘද‍්ධි (Sinhalese script)
𑩾𑩙𑩭 𑪙𑩮𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚦𑚛𑚶𑚜𑚮 (Takri script)
வ்ரித்³தி⁴ (Tamil script)
వృద్ధి (Telugu script)
วฺฤทฺธิ (Thai script)
ཝྲྀ་དྡྷི (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒵𑒠𑓂𑒡𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨛𑩇𑨜𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥dᶻdʰiš (“growth, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérdʰ-ti-s ~ *wr̥dʰ-téy-s. Synchronically, from the root वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”) +‎ -ति (-ti). See वृद्ध (vṛddha) and वर्धति (vardhati) for cognates.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋŕ̩d.dʱi/, [ʋŕ̩d̚.dʱi]

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋr̩d̪.d̪ʱi/, [ˈʋr̩d̪̚.d̪ʱi]

Noun

वृद्धि • (vṛ́ddhi) stem, f

growth, increase, augmentation, prolongation
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.10.12:
  परि त्वा गिर्वणो गिर इमा भवन्तु विश्वतः ।
  वृद्धायुमनु वृद्धयो जुष्टा भवन्तु जुष्टयः ॥
  pari tvā girvaṇo gira imā bhavantu viśvataḥ.
  vṛddhāyumanu vṛddhayo juṣṭā bhavantu juṣṭayaḥ.
  Thou who lovest hymns, may these hymns of ours encompass thee on every side
  May they be an augmentation to thee of lengthened life, may they be dear delights to thee.
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.7.2:
  वृद्धिश् च मे सत्यं च मे श्रद्धा च मे
  vṛddhiś ca me satyaṃ ca me śraddhā ca me
  To me [may] growth, truth and faith [be granted]
advancement, prosperity, welfare, happiness
gain, profit
1. profit from lending money; interest
  - c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 8.154:
    ऋणं दातुं अशक्तो यः कर्तुं इच्छेत्पुनः क्रियाम् ।
    स दत्त्वा निर्जितां वृद्धिं करणं परिवर्तयेत् ।।
    ṛṇaṃ dātuṃ aśakto yaḥ kartuṃ icchetpunaḥ kriyām.
    sa dattvā nirjitāṃ vṛddhiṃ karaṇaṃ parivartayet..
    He who, unable to pay a debt (at the fixed time), wishes to make a new contract, may renew the agreement, after paying the interest which is due.
  - c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
elevation (of the ground)
swelling
(grammar) vrddhi

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of वृद्धि (vṛ́ddhi)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृद्धिः vṛ́ddhiḥ	वृद्धी vṛ́ddhī	वृद्धयः vṛ́ddhayaḥ
Vocative	वृद्धे vṛ́ddhe	वृद्धी vṛ́ddhī	वृद्धयः vṛ́ddhayaḥ
Accusative	वृद्धिम् vṛ́ddhim	वृद्धी vṛ́ddhī	वृद्धीः vṛ́ddhīḥ
Instrumental	वृद्ध्या / वृद्धी¹ vṛ́ddhyā / vṛ́ddhī¹	वृद्धिभ्याम् vṛ́ddhibhyām	वृद्धिभिः vṛ́ddhibhiḥ
Dative	वृद्धये / वृद्ध्यै² / वृद्धी¹ vṛ́ddhaye / vṛ́ddhyai² / vṛ́ddhī¹	वृद्धिभ्याम् vṛ́ddhibhyām	वृद्धिभ्यः vṛ́ddhibhyaḥ
Ablative	वृद्धेः / वृद्ध्याः² / वृद्ध्यै³ vṛ́ddheḥ / vṛ́ddhyāḥ² / vṛ́ddhyai³	वृद्धिभ्याम् vṛ́ddhibhyām	वृद्धिभ्यः vṛ́ddhibhyaḥ
Genitive	वृद्धेः / वृद्ध्याः² / वृद्ध्यै³ vṛ́ddheḥ / vṛ́ddhyāḥ² / vṛ́ddhyai³	वृद्ध्योः vṛ́ddhyoḥ	वृद्धीनाम् vṛ́ddhīnām
Locative	वृद्धौ / वृद्ध्याम्² / वृद्धा¹ vṛ́ddhau / vṛ́ddhyām² / vṛ́ddhā¹	वृद्ध्योः vṛ́ddhyoḥ	वृद्धिषु vṛ́ddhiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀠𑀺 (vaḍhi /⁠vaḍḍhi⁠/), 𐨬𐨝𐨁 (vaḍhi)
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (vaḍḍhi)
  - Central:
    - Hindi: बाढ़ (bāṛh, “increase; flood”)
    - Urdu: باڑھ (bāṛh, “increase; flood”)
  - Eastern
    - Bengali: বাড় (baṛ, “growth”)
  - Northern:
    - Kumaoni: बाढ़ (bāṛh, “increase”)
  - Southern:
    - Konkani-Marathi:
      - Konkani: वाड (vāḍ, “increase”)
      - Marathi: वाढ (vāḍh, “increase”)
    - Sinhalese: වැඩ (wæḍa, “increase, profit”)
  - → Kannada: ಬಡ್ಡಿ (baḍḍi, “interest”)
  - → Malayalam: വട്ടി (vaṭṭi, “interest”)
  - → Tamil: வட்டி (vaṭṭi, “interest”)
Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀠𑀺 (vuḍhi /⁠vuḍḍhi⁠/)
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (vuḍḍhi), 𑀉𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (uḍḍhi)
Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀥𑀺 (vadhi /⁠vaddhi⁠/)
- Prakrit: *vaddhi ~ *vaddhiyā
  - Northwestern:
    - Sindhi: واڌِ (vadhi, “abundance”)
  - Western:
    - Gujarati: વધ (vadh, “increase”)
Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨬𐨢𐨿𐨪𐨁 (vadhri)
Ashokan Prakrit: *viddhi
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (viddhi)
Ashokan Prakrit: *vuddhi
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (vuddhi)
  - Sindhi: اُڌيِ کُٽيِ (udhī-khuṭī, “profit-loss”) (< *vuddhiyā)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri: वड् (waḍ, “profit”)
Pali: vaḍḍhi, vuḍḍhi, vuddhi
→ English: vṛddhi, vrddhi, vr̥ddhi, vriddhi
→ Hindi: वृद्धि (vŕddhi)
→ Kannada: ವೃದ್ಧಿ (vṛddhi)
→ Tamil: விருத்தி (virutti)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “वृद्धि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1011.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “vṛddhi”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.

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