भ्रातृ

See also: भारत, भुरति, भरति, भ्राता, and भारती

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ). Doublet of भ्राता (bhrātā) and भाई (bhāī).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /bʱɾɑːt̪ɾ/, [bʱɾäːt̪ɾ]

Noun

भ्रातृ • (bhrātŕ) m (Urdu spelling بھراتر) (literary, rare)

brother

Declension

Declension of भ्रातृ (masc r-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	भ्रातृ bhrātŕ	भ्रातृ bhrātŕ
oblique	भ्रातृ bhrātŕ	भ्रातृओं bhrātŕõ
vocative	भ्रातृ bhrātŕ	भ्रातृओ bhrātŕo

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

ভ্ৰাতৃ (Assamese script)
ᬪ᭄ᬭᬵᬢᬺ (Balinese script)
ভ্রাতৃ (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰝𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀾 (Brahmi script)
ဘြာတၖ (Burmese script)
ભ્રાતૃ (Gujarati script)
ਭ੍ਰਾਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌭𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌤𑍃 (Grantha script)
ꦨꦿꦴꦠꦽ (Javanese script)
𑂦𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂞𑃂 (Kaithi script)
ಭ್ರಾತೃ (Kannada script)
ភ្រាត្ឫ (Khmer script)
ຠ຺ຣາຕ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
ഭ്രാതൃ (Malayalam script)
ᢨᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘥𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘝𑘵 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠷᠠᢗᢐᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧅𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦽𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐟𑐺 (Newa script)
ଭ୍ରାତୃ (Odia script)
ꢩ꣄ꢬꢵꢡꢺ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆠𑆸 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖝𑖴 (Siddham script)
භ්‍රාතෘ (Sinhalese script)
𑩳 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩫𑩙 (Soyombo script)
𑚡𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚙 (Takri script)
ப்⁴ராத்ரி (Tamil script)
భ్రాతృ (Telugu script)
ภฺราตฺฤ (Thai script)
བྷྲཱ་ཏྲྀ (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒞𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
𑨡𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨙𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā (“brother”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (brātar), Ancient Greek φρᾱ́τηρ (phrā́tēr), Latin frater, Persian (barâdar), Proto-Slavic *bràtrъ, English brother.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɾɑ́ː.tr̩/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈbʱɾɑː.t̪r̩/

Noun

भ्रातृ • (bhrā́tṛ) stem, m

a brother
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.51.5:
  द्यौ॒ष् पितः॒ पृथि॑वि॒ मात॒र् अध्रु॒ग् अग्ने॑ भ्रातर् वसवो मृ॒ळता॑ नः।
  विश्व॑ आदित्या अदिते स॒जोषा॑ अ॒स्मभ्यं॒ शर्म॑ बहु॒लं वि य॑न्त॥
  dyauṣ pítaḥ pṛ́thivi mā́tar ádhrug ágne bhrātar vasavo mṛḷátā naḥ.
  víśva ādityā adite sajóṣā asmábhyaṃ śárma bahuláṃ ví yanta.
  Father Heaven, innocent mother Earth, brother Agni, and you, Vasus, grant us happiness; all you sons of Aditi, and you Aditi, alike well-pleased, bestow upon us ample felicity.
(by extension) kinsman, relative
1. cousin (especially paternal cousin)
(figuratively) friend

Usage notes

Often used to designate a near relative or an intimate friend, especially as a term of friendly address.

Declension

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of भ्रातृ (bhrā́tṛ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भ्राता bhrā́tā	भ्रातरौ / भ्रातरा¹ bhrā́tarau / bhrā́tarā¹	भ्रातरः bhrā́taraḥ
Vocative	भ्रातः bhrā́taḥ	भ्रातरौ / भ्रातरा¹ bhrā́tarau / bhrā́tarā¹	भ्रातरः bhrā́taraḥ
Accusative	भ्रातरम् bhrā́taram	भ्रातरौ / भ्रातरा¹ bhrā́tarau / bhrā́tarā¹	भ्रातॄन् bhrā́tṝn
Instrumental	भ्रात्रा bhrā́trā	भ्रातृभ्याम् bhrā́tṛbhyām	भ्रातृभिः bhrā́tṛbhiḥ
Dative	भ्रात्रे bhrā́tre	भ्रातृभ्याम् bhrā́tṛbhyām	भ्रातृभ्यः bhrā́tṛbhyaḥ
Ablative	भ्रातुः bhrā́tuḥ	भ्रातृभ्याम् bhrā́tṛbhyām	भ्रातृभ्यः bhrā́tṛbhyaḥ
Genitive	भ्रातुः bhrā́tuḥ	भ्रात्रोः bhrā́troḥ	भ्रातॄणाम् bhrā́tṝṇām
Locative	भ्रातरि bhrā́tari	भ्रात्रोः bhrā́troḥ	भ्रातृषु bhrā́tṛṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀢𑀼 (bhātu)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆 (bhāā), 𑀪𑀸𑀇 (bhāi), 𑀪𑀸𑀇𑀓 (bhāika)
  - Old Bengali:
    - Bengali: ভাই (bhai), ভাইয়া (bhaiẏa)
    - Sylheti: ꠜꠣꠁ (bái)
  - Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆, 𑀪𑀸𑀇
    - Early Assamese: ভাই (bhai)
      - Assamese: ভাই (bhai)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀉 (bhāu)
  - Konkani: bhāv
    Devanagari script: भाव
    Kannada script: ಭಾವ್
    Latin script: bhav
  - Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: भाउ (bhāu), भाव (bhāva)
    Modi script: 𑘥𑘰𑘄 (bhāu), 𑘥𑘰𑘪 (bhāva)
    - Marathi: भाऊ (bhāū)
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨟 (bhrata), 𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨂 (bhratu)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
  - Punjabi: ਭਾਈ (bhāī) / بھائی (bhā'ī)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆 (bhāā), 𑀪𑀸𑀇 (bhāi)
  - Old Gujarati: भाई (bhāī)
    - Gujarati: ભાઈ (bhāī)
  - Old Hindi:
    - Hindi: भाई (bhāī)
    - Urdu: بھائی (bhāī)
    - → English: bhai
  - Romani: phral (see there for further descendants)
Dardic
- Kashmiri: بوے (bōē)
Pali: bhātar
→ Bengali: ভ্রাতা (bhrata)
→ Hindi: भ्राता (bhrātā), भ्रातृ (bhrātŕ)
→ Telugu: భ్రాత (bhrāta)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “भ्रातृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 770/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 280-1

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