देव

See also: देवी, देवृ, दैव, and द्व

Awadhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (devá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“angel, the celestial one”).

Noun

देव (dev) (plural देवन)

deity, god, deva
- Tulsidas, संकटमोचन हनुमानाष्टक :
  देवन आनि करी बिनती
  devan āni karī bintī

Hindi

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (deva), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪eːʋ/

Noun

देव • (dev) m (Urdu spelling دیو)

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) deity, god, deva
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:भगवान

Usage notes

The use of देव (dev) is generally restricted to compound words and proper names (रामदेव (rāmdev), हरदेव (hardev), etc.)

Declension

Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	देव dev	देव dev
oblique	देव dev	देवों devõ
vocative	देव dev	देवो devo

Derived terms

देवकन्या (devkanyā, “nymph, celestial maiden”)
देवकार्य (devkārya, “religious rite for propitiating a deity”)
देवकुल (devkul, “pantheon”)
देवगृह (devgŕh, “temple, abode of a deity”)
देवता (devtā)
देवत्रिय (devatriya, “the Holy Trinity of Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva”)
देवदूत (devdūt, “angel, divine messenger”)

Related terms

देवी (devī)

Proper noun

देव • (dev) m (Urdu spelling دیو)

a male given name, Dev, from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	देव dev	देव dev
oblique	देव dev	देवों devõ
vocative	देव dev	देवो devo

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dēw).

Noun

देव • (dev) m (Urdu spelling دیو)

Declension

Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	देव dev	देव dev
oblique	देव dev	देवों devõ
vocative	देव dev	देवो devo

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “देव”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “देव”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “देव”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dēvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Konkani

Noun

देव • (dev) m (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)

god, deity

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (deva), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d̪eʋ/

Noun

देव • (dev) m

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) deity, god, deva

Declension

Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	देव dev
direct plural	देव dev
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	देव dev	देव dev
oblique सामान्यरूप	देवा devā	देवां- devān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	देवाला devālā	देवांना devānnā
ergative	देवाने, देवानं devāne, devāna	देवांनी devānnī
instrumental	देवाशी devāśī	देवांशी devānśī
locative सप्तमी	देवात devāt	देवांत devāt
vocative संबोधन	देवा devā	देवांनो devānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of देव (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	देवाचा devāċā	देवाचे devāċe	देवाची devācī	देवाच्या devācā	देवाचे, देवाचं devāċe, devāċa	देवाची devācī	देवाच्या devācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	देवांचा devānċā	देवांचे devānċe	देवांची devāñcī	देवांच्या devāncā	देवांचे, देवांचं devānċe, devānċa	देवांची devāñcī	देवांच्या devāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Related terms

देवी (devī)

Proper noun

देव • (dev) m

a male given name, Dev, from Sanskrit

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “देव”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “देव”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “देव”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (devá); from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”).

Noun

देव • (deva) m

god

Pali

Alternative forms

deva (Latin script)
𑀤𑁂𑀯 (Brahmi script)
দেৰ (Bengali script)
දෙව (Sinhalese script)
ဒေဝ or ၻေဝ (Burmese script)
เทว or เทวะ (Thai script)
ᨴᩮᩅ (Tai Tham script)
ເທວ or ເທວະ (Lao script)
ទេវ (Khmer script)
𑄘𑄬𑅇 (Chakma script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *daywás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua), Classical Persian (dēv), Latin deus, divus.

Noun

देव m

Devanagari script form of deva

Declension

Declension table of "देव" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	देवो (devo)	देवा (devā)
Accusative (second)	देवं (devaṃ)	देवे (deve)
Instrumental (third)	देवेन (devena)	देवेहि (devehi) or देवेभि (devebhi)
Dative (fourth)	देवस्स (devassa) or देवाय (devāya) or देवत्थं (devatthaṃ)	देवानं (devānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	देवस्मा (devasmā) or देवम्हा (devamhā) or देवा (devā)	देवेहि (devehi) or देवेभि (devebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	देवस्स (devassa)	देवानं (devānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	देवस्मिं (devasmiṃ) or देवम्हि (devamhi) or देवे (deve)	देवेसु (devesu)
Vocative (calling)	देव (deva)	देवा (devā)

Rajasthani

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).

Noun

देव (dev) ?

deity
god

Related terms

देवरौ (devrau)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

দেৱ (Assamese script)
ᬤᬾᬯ (Balinese script)
দেব (Bengali script)
𑰟𑰸𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀤𑁂𑀯 (Brahmi script)
ဒေဝ (Burmese script)
દેવ (Gujarati script)
ਦੇਵ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌦𑍇𑌵 (Grantha script)
ꦢꦺꦮ (Javanese script)
𑂠𑂵𑂫 (Kaithi script)
ದೇವ (Kannada script)
ទេវ (Khmer script)
ເທວ (Lao script)
ദേവ (Malayalam script)
ᡩᡝᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘟𑘹𑘪 (Modi script)
ᢑᠧᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦿𑧚𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
𑐡𑐾𑐰 (Newa script)
ଦେଵ (Odia script)
ꢣꢾꢮ (Saurashtra script)
𑆢𑆼𑆮 (Sharada script)
𑖟𑖸𑖪 (Siddham script)
දෙව (Sinhalese script)
𑩭𑩔𑩾 (Soyombo script)
𑚛𑚲𑚦 (Takri script)
தே³வ (Tamil script)
దేవ (Telugu script)
เทว (Thai script)
དེ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
𑒠𑒹𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
𑨛𑨄𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *daywás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua), Classical Persian (dēv), Latin deus, divus.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /dɐj.ʋɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪eː.ʋɐ/

Adjective

देव • (devá) stem (Vedic daivá)

heavenly, divine, also said of terrestrial things of high excellence (Rigvedic)

Noun

देव • (devá) stem, m (Vedic daivá)

deity, god, the gods as the heavenly or shining ones, often reckoned as numbering 33, either 11 for each of the 3 worlds, or 8 vasus, 11 rudras, and 12 ādityas, to which the 2 aśvins must be added. (Rigvedic, also accented déva according to Panini 3.3.120)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.90.7:
  तं य॒ज्ञं ब॒र्हिषि॒ प्रौक्ष॒न्पुरु॑षं जा॒तम॑ग्र॒तः।
  तेन॑ दे॒वा अ॑यजन्त सा॒ध्या ऋष॑यश्च॒ ये॥
  táṃ yajñáṃ barhíṣi praúkṣanpúruṣaṃ jātámagratáḥ.
  téna devā́ ayajanta sādhyā́ ṛ́ṣayaśca yé.
  They immolated as the victim upon the sacred grass Puruṣa, born before creation; with him the deities who were Sādhyas and those who were Ṛṣis sacrificed.
rarely also of evil demons (Atharvaveda, Taittiriya Samhita)
name of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain (Epics)
the image of a god, an idol (Vishnu-Smriti)
a god on earth or among men, either Brahman, priest or king, prince, as a title of honour, especially in the vocative "your majesty" or " your honour" (Rigvedic)
name of the number 33 (Gaṇitādhyāya)
as a given name, Diminutive of देवदत्त (devadatta) (Panini 5.3.83)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of देव (devá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	देवः deváḥ	देवौ / देवा¹ devaú / devā́¹	देवाः / देवासः¹ devā́ḥ / devā́saḥ¹
Vocative	देव déva	देवौ / देवा¹ dévau / dévā¹	देवाः / देवासः¹ dévāḥ / dévāsaḥ¹
Accusative	देवम् devám	देवौ / देवा¹ devaú / devā́¹	देवान् devā́n
Instrumental	देवेन devéna	देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām	देवैः / देवेभिः¹ devaíḥ / devébhiḥ¹
Dative	देवाय devā́ya	देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām	देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ
Ablative	देवात् devā́t	देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām	देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ
Genitive	देवस्य devásya	देवयोः deváyoḥ	देवानाम् devā́nām
Locative	देवे devé	देवयोः deváyoḥ	देवेषु devéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of देवी (devī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	देवी devī	देव्यौ / देवी¹ devyau / devī¹	देव्यः / देवीः¹ devyaḥ / devīḥ¹
Vocative	देवि devi	देव्यौ / देवी¹ devyau / devī¹	देव्यः / देवीः¹ devyaḥ / devīḥ¹
Accusative	देवीम् devīm	देव्यौ / देवी¹ devyau / devī¹	देवीः devīḥ
Instrumental	देव्या devyā	देवीभ्याम् devībhyām	देवीभिः devībhiḥ
Dative	देव्यै devyai	देवीभ्याम् devībhyām	देवीभ्यः devībhyaḥ
Ablative	देव्याः / देव्यै² devyāḥ / devyai²	देवीभ्याम् devībhyām	देवीभ्यः devībhyaḥ
Genitive	देव्याः / देव्यै² devyāḥ / devyai²	देव्योः devyoḥ	देवीनाम् devīnām
Locative	देव्याम् devyām	देव्योः devyoḥ	देवीषु devīṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of देव (devá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	देवम् devám	देवे devé	देवानि / देवा¹ devā́ni / devā́¹
Vocative	देव déva	देवे déve	देवानि / देवा¹ dévāni / dévā¹
Accusative	देवम् devám	देवे devé	देवानि / देवा¹ devā́ni / devā́¹
Instrumental	देवेन devéna	देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām	देवैः / देवेभिः¹ devaíḥ / devébhiḥ¹
Dative	देवाय devā́ya	देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām	देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ
Ablative	देवात् devā́t	देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām	देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ
Genitive	देवस्य devásya	देवयोः deváyoḥ	देवानाम् devā́nām
Locative	देवे devé	देवयोः deváyoḥ	देवेषु devéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

देवता (devatā)
देवसभा (devasabhā)

Descendants

Pali: deva (see there for further descendants)

Terms inherited from Prakrit 𑀤𑁂𑀯 (deva)

Dardic:
- Shina: دیو (deu, “demon, ogre”)
Southern:
- Dhivehi: ދެވި (devi, “demon”)
Eastern:
- Assamese: দেউ (deu, “evil spirit”)
- Odia: ଦେଉ (deu, “prince”)
Northwestern:
- Punjabi:
  Punjabi: ਦੇਉ (deu, “god, devil”)
  
  Punjabi: دیو (deu, “god, devil”)
  - Lahnda: دیو (deo)
- Sindhi:
  Arabic script: ڏيو (ḍ̠eu)
  
  Devanagari script: ॾेउ (ḍ̠eu)
Northern:
- Bhadrawahi: देऊ (deū, “rain”)
- Kumaoni: द्यो (“god, rain”), दिओ (“rain”)
- Nepali: देउ (deu, “god”)

Borrowings

→ Proto-Nuristani:
- Waigali: [script needed] (dē, “god, oath”)
→ Assamese: দেৱ (dew)
→ Awadhi: देव (dev)
→ Chakma: 𑄘𑄬𑄝𑄴 (deb, “god; king”)
→ Chinese: 提婆 (típó)
→ English: deva
→ Hindi: देव (dev)
→ Old Gujarati: देव (deva)
→ Kannada: ದೇವ (dēva)
→ Kashmiri: دیو (dev)
→ Malay: dewa
→ Marathi: देव (dev)
→ Odia: ଦେବ (debô)
→ Punjabi: ਦੇਵ (dev)
→ Rajasthani: देव
→ Kalasha: [script needed] (dewa, “god”)
→ Tamil: தேவன் (tēvaṉ)
→ Telugu: దేవుడు (dēvuḍu)

देव

Awadhi

Etymology

Noun

Hindi

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Proper noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

References

Konkani

Noun

Marathi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Proper noun

References

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Noun

Pali

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Rajasthani

Etymology

Noun

Related terms

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Further reading