दूर

See also: देर, द्रु, and दुर

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra), from Sanskrit दूर (dūrá). Also influenced by Classical Persian دور (dūr).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪uːɾ/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːɾ

Adjective

दूर • (dūr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دور)

  1. distant, far
    Antonyms: पास (pās), निकट (nikaṭ)
    आपका कार्यालय यहाँ से कितनी दूर है।
    āpkā kāryālay yahā̃ se kitnī dūr hai.
    How far is your office from here?
    पृथ्वी से शनि बहुत दूर है।
    pŕthvī se śani bahut dūr hai.
    Saturn is very distant from the Earth.
  2. away, off
    वह सौ मीटर दूर खड़ा था। ― vah sau mīṭar dūr khaṛā thā. ― He was standing a hundred meters away.
    इन लड़कों को खेत से दूर रखो।
    in laṛkõ ko khet se dūr rakho.
    Keep these boys off the field.

Usage notes

दूर (dūr) can be considered an adverb in the same sense as it is considered an adjective.

Noun

दूर • (dūr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دور)

  1. distance, remoteness

Derived terms

References

Marathi

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit दूर (dūra).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /d̪uɾ/, [d̪uːɾ]

Adjective

दूर • (dūra)

  1. distant or remote in time or space

Further reading

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • দূৰ (Assamese script)
  • ᬤᬹᬭ (Balinese script)
  • দূর (Bengali script)
  • 𑰟𑰳𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (Brahmi script)
  • ဒူရ (Burmese script)
  • દૂર (Gujarati script)
  • ਦੂਰ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌦𑍂𑌰 (Grantha script)
  • ꦢꦹꦫ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂠𑂴𑂩 (Kaithi script)
  • ದೂರ (Kannada script)
  • ទូរ (Khmer script)
  • ທູຣ (Lao script)
  • ദൂര (Malayalam script)
  • ᡩᡠᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘟𑘴𑘨 (Modi script)
  • ᢑᠤᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦿𑧕𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐡𑐹𑐬 (Newa script)
  • ଦୂର (Odia script)
  • ꢣꢹꢬ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆢𑆷𑆫 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖟𑖳𑖨 (Siddham script)
  • දූර (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩭𑩒𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚛𑚱𑚤 (Takri script)
  • தூ³ர (Tamil script)
  • దూర (Telugu script)
  • ทูร (Thai script)
  • དཱུ་ར (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒠𑒴𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨛𑨃𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long, far”), from *dweh₂-. Cognate with Old Persian 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 (du-u-r-i-y /⁠dūraiy⁠/, “afar”) (whence Persian دور (dur, “far”)), Avestan 𐬛𐬏𐬭𐬁𐬝 (dūrāt̰, “from afar”), Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Latin dūrus, Old Armenian երկար (erkar, “long, extended”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

दूर • (dūrá)

  1. distant, far, long, remote
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.7.4:
      स स्मा कृणोति केतुमा नक्तं चिद्दूर आ सते।
      sa smā kṛṇoti ketumā naktaṃ ciddūra ā sate.
      He gives a signal in the night even to him who is afar.

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दूरः
dūráḥ		 दूरौ / दूरा¹
dūraú / dūrā́¹		 दूराः / दूरासः¹
dūrā́ḥ / dūrā́saḥ¹
Vocative दूर
dū́ra		 दूरौ / दूरा¹
dū́rau / dū́rā¹		 दूराः / दूरासः¹
dū́rāḥ / dū́rāsaḥ¹
Accusative दूरम्
dūrám		 दूरौ / दूरा¹
dūraú / dūrā́¹		 दूरान्
dūrā́n
Instrumental दूरेण
dūréṇa		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹
dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹
Dative दूराय
dūrā́ya		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Ablative दूरात्
dūrā́t		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Genitive दूरस्य
dūrásya		 दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ		 दूराणाम्
dūrā́ṇām
Locative दूरे
dūré		 दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ		 दूरेषु
dūréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of दूरा (dūrā́)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दूरा
dūrā́		 दूरे
dūré		 दूराः
dūrā́ḥ
Vocative दूरे
dū́re		 दूरे
dū́re		 दूराः
dū́rāḥ
Accusative दूराम्
dūrā́m		 दूरे
dūré		 दूराः
dūrā́ḥ
Instrumental दूरया / दूरा¹
dūráyā / dūrā́¹		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूराभिः
dūrā́bhiḥ
Dative दूरायै
dūrā́yai		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूराभ्यः
dūrā́bhyaḥ
Ablative दूरायाः / दूरायै²
dūrā́yāḥ / dūrā́yai²		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूराभ्यः
dūrā́bhyaḥ
Genitive दूरायाः / दूरायै²
dūrā́yāḥ / dūrā́yai²		 दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ		 दूराणाम्
dūrā́ṇām
Locative दूरायाम्
dūrā́yām		 दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ		 दूरासु
dūrā́su
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दूरम्
dūrám		 दूरे
dūré		 दूराणि / दूरा¹
dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹
Vocative दूर
dū́ra		 दूरे
dū́re		 दूराणि / दूरा¹
dū́rāṇi / dū́rā¹
Accusative दूरम्
dūrám		 दूरे
dūré		 दूराणि / दूरा¹
dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹
Instrumental दूरेण
dūréṇa		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹
dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹
Dative दूराय
dūrā́ya		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Ablative दूरात्
dūrā́t		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Genitive दूरस्य
dūrásya		 दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ		 दूराणाम्
dūrā́ṇām
Locative दूरे
dūré		 दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ		 दूरेषु
dūréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Noun

दूर • (dūrá) stem, n

  1. distance, remoteness
  2. come from afar
  3. long way back or from a remote period

Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दूरम्
dūrám		 दूरे
dūré		 दूराणि / दूरा¹
dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹
Vocative दूर
dū́ra		 दूरे
dū́re		 दूराणि / दूरा¹
dū́rāṇi / dū́rā¹
Accusative दूरम्
dūrám		 दूरे
dūré		 दूराणि / दूरा¹
dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹
Instrumental दूरेण
dūréṇa		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹
dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹
Dative दूराय
dūrā́ya		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Ablative दूरात्
dūrā́t		 दूराभ्याम्
dūrā́bhyām		 दूरेभ्यः
dūrébhyaḥ
Genitive दूरस्य
dūrásya		 दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ		 दूराणाम्
dūrā́ṇām
Locative दूरे
dūré		 दूरयोः
dūráyoḥ		 दूरेषु
dūréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Borrowed terms
  • → Kannada: ದೂರ (dūra)
  • → Malayalam: ദൂരം (dūraṁ)
  • → Tamil: தூரம் (tūram)
  • → Telugu: దూరము (dūramu)
  • → Irula: தூர (tūra​)

Descendants
  • Dardic:
    • Dameli: [script needed] (dūr)
    • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (dūr)
    • Kashmiri: دوٗر (dūr)
    • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
    • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
    • Phalura: [script needed] (dhūro)
    • Savi: [script needed] (duro)
    • Shina: [script needed] (dūr)
    • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
    • Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
    • Tirahi: [script needed] (dūr)
    • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dur)
  • Helu Prakrit:
    • Dhivehi: ދުރު (duru)
    • Sinhalese: දුර (dura)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)
    • Assamese: দূৰ (dur)
    • Bengali: দূর (dur)
    • Bihari:
    • Odia: ଦୂର (durô)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)
  • → Thai: โทร (too-rá-)
  • → Khmer: ទូរ (tuu)
  • → Lao: ໂທລະ (thō la)
  • → Malay: dura
  • Pali: dūra
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Takka Apabhramsa:
    • Vracada Apabhramsa:
      • Sindhi: डूरि (ḍūri)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “दूर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 489/2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 739
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dūrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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