< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dweh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*dweh₂-[1][2]

  1. long, distant
  2. to remove, separate

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
  • *dwéh₂-s-ti ~ *duh₂-s-énti (desiderative)[1]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠tuχːuszi⁠/, “to separate”)
  • *dwéh₂-m (adverb)[2]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *dwān[5][6] (< *dwām < (Stang's law) acc.sg. *dwéh₂-m̥)
      • Ancient Greek: δήν (dḗn, “for a long time”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *kʷom-dām (“some long time ago”)
      • Latin: quondam (“at one time, formerly”)
      • ⇒ Latin: quīdam (“someone”) (with -dam abstracted to mean "some")
  • *duh₂-m (adverb)[2]
    • Proto-Italic: *dūm
      • Latin: dum (“for a while, still”, adverb) (> dum (“when”, conjunction))
    • ⇒? Proto-Italic: *dū-dūm[5]
      • Latin: dūdum (“some time ago”)
  • *dṓwh₂-s[5][7][8]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dā́ˀwē (< *deh₂wéh₁ < (laryngeal metathesis) instr.sg. *dewh₂-éh₁)
      • Proto-Slavic: *davě (“ago, recently”)
        • Russian: даве (dave) (dialectal)
        • Old Church Slavonic: давѣ (davě)
        • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *davьnъ (“ancient, past”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dweh₂-ino-s[9]
    • >? Proto-Armenian:
  • *dweh₂-isth₂-óm
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwaHištʰám (“most distant”, adverb)[11]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dawHiṣṭʰám (with apparent metathesis)
      • Proto-Iranian: *dwaHištám
        • Avestan: 𐬛𐬠𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨 (dbōištəm)
        • Old Persian: 𐎯𐎢𐎺𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 (du-u-v-i-š-t-m /⁠duvaištam⁠/)
  • *dweh₂-ró-s, *duh₂-ró-s (“far, long”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dwéh₂-s ~ *duh₂-és[12]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠tuwa⁠/, “far”) (< loc.sg. *dwéh₂[12][13])
        • ⇒ Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠tuwala⁠/, “far from”)
  • *duh₂-tó-s[14]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duHtás (“messenger, conveyor”)[15]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duHtás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duHtáh
        • Avestan: 𐬛𐬏𐬙𐬀 (dūta)
  • *déwh₂-yo-s (yo-stem adjective)[16]
    • Proto-Celtic: *dowyos
      • >? Old Irish: doe (“slow, sluggish”)
  • *dwéh₂-yōs ~ *duh₂-is-és (yōs-stem)[11]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dáwHyās (“more distant”) (with apparent metathesis)
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dáwHyās
        • Sanskrit: दवीयस् (dávīyas-)

References
  1. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “*du̯eh₂-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎, page 19
  2. Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*du̯eh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 165-67
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. deu-, deu̯ə-, du̯ā-, dū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 219-220
  4. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*deuh₄-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 349a
  5. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dūdum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 181
  6. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326
  7. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 232
  8. Macak, Martin (2017–2018) “Chapter X: Armenian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Classical Armenian, page 1050: “*dōu̯h₂-”
  9. The template Template:R:ine:Vine:2002 does not use the parameter(s): 
    1=340
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Vine, Brent (2002) “On full-grade *-ro- formations in Greek and Indo-European”, in Southern, Mark R. V., editor, Indo-European Perspectives, Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man
  10. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 266
  11. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “dirá- [should read dūrá-]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 188f.
  12. Ozoliņš, Kaspars (2015) Revisiting Proto-Indo-European Schwebeablaut (PhD doctorate), Los Angeles: University of California, pages 143-45
  13. Rieken, Elisabeth (1999) “*du̯eh₂-”, in Untersuchungen zur nominalen Stammbildung des Hethitischen (Studien Zu Den Bogazkoy-Texten; 44)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →DOI, page 70
  14. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “dūtá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 738
  15. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ditá- [should read dūtá-]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 189f.
  16. Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 203
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