काम

Hindi
काम

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /kɑːm/, [kä̃ːm]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman). Doublet of कर्म (karm). Cognate with Punjabi ਕੱਮ (kamma), Assamese কাম (kam).

Noun

काम • (kām) m (Urdu spelling کام)

  1. work, task, labour
    Synonym: क्रिया (kriyā)
    मैं कारख़ाने में काम करता हूँ।
    ma͠i kārxāne mẽ kām kartā hū̃.
    I work at a factory.
  2. job, employment
    Synonyms: नौकरी (naukrī), रोज़गार (rozgār)
    आजकल मैं काम की तलाश कर रहा हूँ।
    ājkal ma͠i kām kī talāś kar rahā hū̃.
    These days I am looking for a job.
  3. function, purpose
    यह बक्सा मेज़ का काम देगा।
    yah baksā mez kā kām degā.
    This box will serve the function of a table.
Declension
Declension of काम (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct काम
kām		 काम
kām
oblique काम
kām		 कामों
kāmõ
vocative काम
kām		 कामो
kāmo
Derived terms
  • काम करना (kām karnā)
  • काम आना (kām ānā)
  • काम तमाम करना (kām tamām karnā, “to kill”)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit काम (kāma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ma.

Noun

काम • (kām) m (Urdu spelling کام)

  1. lust, sexual passion, desire
  2. (Hinduism) the god of love
    Synonym: कामदेव (kāmdev)
Declension
Declension of काम (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct काम
kām		 काम
kām
oblique काम
kām		 कामों
kāmõ
vocative काम
kām		 कामो
kāmo

Further reading

Konkani

Noun

काम • (kām) n (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)

  1. work, task
  2. job

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘦 (kāma), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”). Doublet of कर्म (karma).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kam/

Noun

काम • (kām) n

  1. work, task
  2. job, occupation
  3. function, purpose

Declension
Declension of काम (neut cons-stem)
direct
singular		 काम
kām
direct
plural		 कामे, कामं
kāme, kāma
singular
एकवचन		 plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा		 काम
kām		 कामे, कामं
kāme, kāma
oblique
सामान्यरूप		 कामा
kāmā		 कामां-
kāmān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी		 कामाला
kāmālā		 कामांना
kāmānnā
ergative कामाने, कामानं
kāmāne, kāmāna		 कामांनी
kāmānnī
instrumental कामाशी
kāmāśī		 कामांशी
kāmānśī
locative
सप्तमी		 कामात
kāmāt		 कामांत
kāmāt
vocative
संबोधन		 कामा
kāmā		 कामांनो
kāmānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of काम (neut cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म		 feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		 neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		 oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन		 plural
अनेकवचन		 singular
एकवचन		 plural
अनेकवचन		 singular*
एकवचन		 plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता		 कामाचा
kāmāċā		 कामाचे
kāmāċe		 कामाची
kāmācī		 कामाच्या
kāmācā		 कामाचे, कामाचं
kāmāċe, kāmāċa		 कामाची
kāmācī		 कामाच्या
kāmācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता		 कामांचा
kāmānċā		 कामांचे
kāmānċe		 कामांची
kāmāñcī		 कामांच्या
kāmāncā		 कामांचे, कामांचं
kāmānċe, kāmānċa		 कामांची
kāmāñcī		 कामांच्या
kāmāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms
  • काम करणे (kām karṇe, “to work”)
  • कामगार (kāmgār, “worker”)

References
  • Berntsen, Maxine, “काम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
  • Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “काम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
  • दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “काम”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kárman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [käm]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: काम्

Noun

काम • (kām)

  1. work, act
  2. job, occupation
  3. lust, sexual passion, desire

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • kāma (Latin script)
  • 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
  • কাম (Bengali script)
  • කාම (Sinhalese script)
  • ကာမ or ၵႃမ (Burmese script)
  • กาม or กามะ (Thai script)
  • ᨠᩣᨾ (Tai Tham script)
  • ກາມ or ກາມະ (Lao script)
  • កាម (Khmer script)
  • 𑄇𑄂𑄟 (Chakma script)

Noun

काम m

  1. Devanagari script form of kāma (“lust”)

Declension
Declension table of "काम" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)कामो (kāmo)कामा (kāmā)
Accusative (second)कामं (kāmaṃ)कामे (kāme)
Instrumental (third)कामेन (kāmena)कामेहि (kāmehi) or कामेभि (kāmebhi)
Dative (fourth)कामस्स (kāmassa) or कामाय (kāmāya) or कामत्थं (kāmatthaṃ)कामानं (kāmānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)कामस्मा (kāmasmā) or कामम्हा (kāmamhā) or कामा (kāmā)कामेहि (kāmehi) or कामेभि (kāmebhi)
Genitive (sixth)कामस्स (kāmassa)कामानं (kāmānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)कामस्मिं (kāmasmiṃ) or कामम्हि (kāmamhi) or कामे (kāme)कामेसु (kāmesu)
Vocative (calling)काम (kāma)कामा (kāmā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • কাম (Assamese script)
  • ᬓᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
  • কাম (Bengali script)
  • 𑰎𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
  • ကာမ (Burmese script)
  • કામ (Gujarati script)
  • ਕਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌕𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
  • ꦏꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂍𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
  • ಕಾಮ (Kannada script)
  • កាម (Khmer script)
  • ກາມ (Lao script)
  • കാമ (Malayalam script)
  • ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘎𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
  • ᢉᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦮𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐎𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
  • କାମ (Odia script)
  • ꢒꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆑𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖎𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
  • කාම (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩜𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚊𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
  • காம (Tamil script)
  • కామ (Telugu script)
  • กาม (Thai script)
  • ཀཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒏𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨋𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”). Cognate to Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬨𐬀 (kāma, “desire”), Persian کام (kâm, “desire”). Wider cognates include Latin cārus, whence French cher and English charity, and English whore.

Pronunciation

Noun

काम • (kā́ma) stem, m

  1. wish, desire, longing
  2. love, affection, object of desire or of love or of pleasure
  3. pleasure, enjoyment
  4. love, especially sexual love or sensuality
  5. Love or Desire personified

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of काम (kā́ma)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative कामः
kā́maḥ		 कामौ / कामा¹
kā́mau / kā́mā¹		 कामाः / कामासः¹
kā́māḥ / kā́māsaḥ¹
Vocative काम
kā́ma		 कामौ / कामा¹
kā́mau / kā́mā¹		 कामाः / कामासः¹
kā́māḥ / kā́māsaḥ¹
Accusative कामम्
kā́mam		 कामौ / कामा¹
kā́mau / kā́mā¹		 कामान्
kā́mān
Instrumental कामेन
kā́mena		 कामाभ्याम्
kā́mābhyām		 कामैः / कामेभिः¹
kā́maiḥ / kā́mebhiḥ¹
Dative कामाय
kā́māya		 कामाभ्याम्
kā́mābhyām		 कामेभ्यः
kā́mebhyaḥ
Ablative कामात्
kā́māt		 कामाभ्याम्
kā́mābhyām		 कामेभ्यः
kā́mebhyaḥ
Genitive कामस्य
kā́masya		 कामयोः
kā́mayoḥ		 कामानाम्
kā́mānām
Locative कामे
kā́me		 कामयोः
kā́mayoḥ		 कामेषु
kā́meṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms
  • कामकाम (kāmakāma)
  • कामकार (kāmakāra)
  • कामकारतस् (kāmakāratas)
  • कामकृत (kāmakṛta)
  • कामगूण (kāmagūṇa)
  • कामचार (kāmacāra, “free unrestrained action”)
  • कामचारतस् (kāmacāratas, “according to one's inclination, voluntarily”)
  • कामचारिन् (kāmacārin, “moving or acting at pleasure, without restraint”)
  • कामज (kāmaja)
  • कामद (kāmada, “giving what is wished, granting desires”)
  • कामदहन (kāmadahana)
  • कामदान (kāmadāna)
  • कामदीहिनि (kāmadīhini)
  • कामदेव (kāmadeva)
  • कामधर्म (kāmadharma)
  • कामधेनु (kāmadhenu)
  • कामन (kāmana)
  • कामना (kāmanā)
  • कामबद्ध (kāmabaddha, “bound by love”)
  • कामबल (kāmabala, “force of desire, sexual power”)
  • कामबाण (kāmabāṇa, “arrow of the god of love”)
  • कामबिन्दु (kāmabindu, “a 'wish-drop', anything dropped into the fire to procure the fulfilment of a wish, drop of melted butter”)
  • कामभोग (kāmabhoga, “gratification of the desires, sensual gratification”)
  • काममय (kāmamaya)
  • काममर्दन (kāmamardana)
  • काममिनी (kāmaminī)
  • काममू्त
  • काममोह (kāmamoha)
  • कामम् (kāmam)
  • कामलुब्ध (kāmalubdha)
  • कामशास्त्र (kāmaśāstra, “a treatise on pleasure or sexual love”)
  • कामसूत्र (kāmasūtra, “treatise on pleasure or sexual love by Vātsyāyana, the kāma·sūtra”)

Descendants
  • Dardic:
    • Kashmiri: کٲم (kạ̄m)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (kāma)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi: ਕਾਮ (kāma)
  • Pali: kāma
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (kāma)
  • → Hindi: काम (kām)
  • → Urdu: کام (kām)
  • → English: kama
  • → Japanese: カーマ (Kāma)
  • → Lao: ກາມ (kām)
  • → Thai: กาม (gaam)

Proper noun

काम • (kāma) stem, m

  1. (Hinduism) Kamadeva, the god of love

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of काम (kāma)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative कामः
kāmaḥ		 कामौ / कामा¹
kāmau / kāmā¹		 कामाः / कामासः¹
kāmāḥ / kāmāsaḥ¹
Vocative काम
kāma		 कामौ / कामा¹
kāmau / kāmā¹		 कामाः / कामासः¹
kāmāḥ / kāmāsaḥ¹
Accusative कामम्
kāmam		 कामौ / कामा¹
kāmau / kāmā¹		 कामान्
kāmān
Instrumental कामेन
kāmena		 कामाभ्याम्
kāmābhyām		 कामैः / कामेभिः¹
kāmaiḥ / kāmebhiḥ¹
Dative कामाय
kāmāya		 कामाभ्याम्
kāmābhyām		 कामेभ्यः
kāmebhyaḥ
Ablative कामात्
kāmāt		 कामाभ्याम्
kāmābhyām		 कामेभ्यः
kāmebhyaḥ
Genitive कामस्य
kāmasya		 कामयोः
kāmayoḥ		 कामानाम्
kāmānām
Locative कामे
kāme		 कामयोः
kāmayoḥ		 कामेषु
kāmeṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “काम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 252.
  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “काम”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 343
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