आम्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

আম্ৰ (Assamese script)
ᬆᬫ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
আম্র (Bengali script)
𑰁𑰦𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀆𑀫𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
အာမြ (Burmese script)
આમ્ર (Gujarati script)
ਆਮ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌆𑌮𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦴꦩꦿ (Javanese script)
𑂄𑂧𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಆಮ್ರ (Kannada script)
អាម្រ (Khmer script)
ອາມ຺ຣ (Lao script)
ആമ്ര (Malayalam script)
ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘁𑘦𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
ᠠᢗᠮᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦡𑧆𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐁𑐩𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
ଆମ୍ର (Odia script)
ꢃꢪ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆄𑆩𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖁𑖦𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
ආම්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩛𑩴 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚁𑚢𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
ஆம்ர (Tamil script)
ఆమ్ర (Telugu script)
อามฺร (Thai script)
ཨཱ་མྲ (Tibetan script)
𑒂𑒧𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨊𑨢𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂h₃m-ro- (“sour”), along with अम्ल (amla, “sour”); compare Proto-Germanic *ampraz (“sour”), Latin amārus (“bitter, sharp tasting”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑːm.ɾɐ́/

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːm.ɾɐ/

Noun

आम्र • (āmrá) stem, m

the mango fruit
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
the mango tree, Mangifera indica

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of आम्र (āmrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आम्रः āmráḥ	आम्रौ / आम्रा¹ āmraú / āmrā́¹	आम्राः / आम्रासः¹ āmrā́ḥ / āmrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	आम्र ā́mra	आम्रौ / आम्रा¹ ā́mrau / ā́mrā¹	आम्राः / आम्रासः¹ ā́mrāḥ / ā́mrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	आम्रम् āmrám	आम्रौ / आम्रा¹ āmraú / āmrā́¹	आम्रान् āmrā́n
Instrumental	आम्रेण āmréṇa	आम्राभ्याम् āmrā́bhyām	आम्रैः / आम्रेभिः¹ āmraíḥ / āmrébhiḥ¹
Dative	आम्राय āmrā́ya	आम्राभ्याम् āmrā́bhyām	आम्रेभ्यः āmrébhyaḥ
Ablative	आम्रात् āmrā́t	आम्राभ्याम् āmrā́bhyām	आम्रेभ्यः āmrébhyaḥ
Genitive	आम्रस्य āmrásya	आम्रयोः āmráyoḥ	आम्राणाम् āmrā́ṇām
Locative	आम्रे āmré	आम्रयोः āmráyoḥ	आम्रेषु āmréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
  - Assamese: আম (am)
  - Bengali: আম (am)
  - Bhojpuri:
    Devanagari script: आम (ām)
    Kaithi script: 𑂄𑂧 (ām)
  - Chakma: 𑄃𑄟𑄴 (ām)
  - Odia: ଆମ୍ବ (ambô)
  - Rohingya:
    Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴀𐴝𐴔𐴧 (amm)
    Latin script: amm
  - Sylheti: ꠀꠝ (am)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
  - Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: आंब (āṃba)
    Modi script: 𑘁𑘽𑘤 (āṃba)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
  - Dogri:
    Devanagari script: अम्ब (amb)
    Dogra script: 𑠀𑠢𑠹𑠠 (amb)
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: आम (ām)
    Urdu: آم (ām)
  - Kachchi: આમુ (āmu)
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਬ (amba)
    Shahmukhi script: اَمْب (amb)
  - Rajasthani: आंब
  - Saurashtra: ꢂꢀꢨꣁ (aṃbo)
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: اَنبُ
    Devanagari script: अंबु
⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀅𑀁𑀩-𑀓 (*aṃba-ka)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩𑀕 (aṃbaga)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩𑀅 (aṃbaa)
  - Konkani:
    Devanagari script: आम्बो (āmbô)
    
    Kannada script: ಆಂಬೊ (āmbô)
    
    Latin script: ambo
  - Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: आंबा (āṃbā)
    
    Modi script: 𑘁𑘽𑘤𑘰 (āṃbā)
    - Marathi: आंबा (āmbā)
      - → Iraqi Arabic: عَمْبَة (ʿamba)
        → Israeli Hebrew: עַמְבָּה (ʿámbā)
        → English: amba
  - → Arabic: عَنْبَة (ʕanba), عَنْبَا (ʕanbā)
    - → Middle Armenian: անապ (anap), անպ (anp)
    - → Somali: cámbe
  - → Middle Persian: *anbag
    - Persian: انبه (anbe)
    - Baluchi: ہمب (humb)
    - → Arabic: أَنْبَج (ʔanbaj)
      - → Middle Armenian: ամպաճ (ampač), անպաճ (anpač), անապաճ (anapač)
Khasa Prakrit:
- → Nepali: आँप (ā̃p)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
  Arabic script: اَمب (amb)
  
  Devanagari script: अंब (aṃb)
Dhivehi: އަނބު (aᵐbu)
Pali: amba
→ Swahili: embe (an early borrowing from an Indo-Iranian language)
→ Tocharian B: āmpär

References

“आम्र॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 65, column 1.
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “आम्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 041
Monier Williams (1899) “आम्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 147/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 171

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