ܚܪܒܐ

From Aramaic חַרְבׇּא (ḥarbā), from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-; compare Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb, “war”), حَرْبَة (ḥarba, “javelin; spearhead”), Hebrew חֶרֶב (khérev, “sword; war; ploughshare”) and Akkadian 𒄑𒀳𒌆𒆥 (ḫarbum, “specialized plow used to physically break apart solid soil, opposed to other weaker types used to merely draw furrows to drop seeds in”).

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xɪr.bɑː]

ܚܸܪܒܵܐ • (ḥirbā) (feminine ܚܪܸܒܬܵܐ (ḥribtā), plural ܚܸܪܒܹܐ (ḥirbē))

1. desolate, deserted, barren
   • Matthew 23:38:

     ܗܵܐ ܦܝܵܫܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܫܒܝܼܩܵܐ ܒܲܝܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ.

     hā pyāšā ìlēh šbīqā baytāwḵōn ḥirbā illāwḵōn.

     Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

2. desert, dry, arid, waterless
3. (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
4. rotten

Probably Borrowed from Northern Kurdish xirab.

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xɪr.bɑː]

ܚܸܪܒܵܐ • (ḥirbā) (invariable)

1. bad

   Antonyms: ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ (ṭāḇā), ܨܦܵܝܝܼ (ṣpāyī)

   Coordinate terms: (comparitive) ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ (yatīr ḥirbā, “worse”), (superlative) ܣܸܪܝܵܐ (siryā, “worst”)

   ܟܠ ܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܕܥܵܒ݂ܕܝܼ ܝܲܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܲܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ.

   kul mindī dˁāḇdī yan rābā ḥirbā ìlēh yan rābā ṭāḇā ìlēh.

   Everything they do is either very bad or very good.

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xar.bɑː]

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܲܪ̈ܒܹܐ (ḥarbē))

1. javelin, spearhead
2. ploughshare
3. spearpoint, gunpoint

   ܡܵܢܝܼ ܝܠܹܗ ܕܒ݂ܝܼܩܘܼܟ݂ ܠܚܲܪܒܵܐ؟ ― Who is holding you at gunpoint?

4. defeat, loss

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m

1. (astronomy) name of a comet

From the root ܚ-ܪ-ܒ (ḥ-r-b) related to ruining, from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-.

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħar.bɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxar.bɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħɑr.bo]

ftr=ḥarbəṯā
pltr=ḥarbē

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܪܒܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܪܒܬܐ)

1. desolate, deserted, barren
   • Peshitta, Matthew 23:38:

     ܗܐ ܡܫܬܒܩ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܝܬܟܘܢ ܚܪܒܐ.

     hā meštəḇeq ləḵōn baytəḵōn ḥarbā.

     Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

2. desert, dry, arid, waterless
3. (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
4. rotten

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) c (plural ܚܪܒܐ (ḥarbē))

1. sword, dagger, blade
   • Peshitta, Matthew 10:34:

     ܠܐ ܬܣܒܪܘܢ ܕܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ. ܠܐ ܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ. ܐܠܐ ܚܪܒܐ.

     lā ṯesbərūn də-ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā ḇə-ʾarʿā: lā ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā, ʾellā ḥarbā.

     Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword.

   Synonyms: ܣܝܦܐ (saypā), ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sêrā)

2. spearpoint
3. ploughshare/plowshare, plough/plow
   • Peshitta, Luke 9:62:

     ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܝܫܘܥ. ܠܐ ܐܢܫ ܪܡܐ ܐܝܕܗ ܥܠ ܚܪܒܐ ܕܦܕܢܐ. ܘܚܐܪ ܠܒܣܬܪܗ ܘܚܫܚ ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ.

     ʾāmar lēh yəšūʿ, lā [ʾ]nāš rāmē ʾīḏēh ʿal ḥarbā ḏə-p̄addānā, wə-ḥāʾar lə-ḇestərēh wə-ḥāšaḥ lə-malkūṯēh də-ʾălāhā.

     And Jesus said unto him, No man, having put his hand to the plough, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.

4. killing, slaughter

   Synonym: ܩܛܠܐ (qeṭlā)

5. war

   Synonyms: ܩܪܒܐ (qərāḇā), ܕܪܐ (darrā)

6. defeat, loss
7. ravaging, devastating, destroying, ruining
8. devastation, destruction
9. desolation, emptiness
10. avenging, vengeance

• → Old Armenian: խարբ (xarb)

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m

1. (astronomy) name of a comet

• “ḥrb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-09-27
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 115b-116a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 155b-156a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 486a-b