قلعة

See also: قلعہ and قلعه

Arabic
قَلْعَة

Etymology 1

Unknown. Possibilities include:

  • From the Arabic root ق ل ع (q-l-ʕ).
  • From Persian کلات (kalât, “fortress”), since a borrowing of this word regularly yields the shape قَلْعَة (qalʕa). Akin to Mazanderani کلا (kalâ, “borough”) and probably Old Armenian քաղաք (kʻałakʻ, “town”) (under ancient circumstances “fortress, castle” and “town” isn’t necessarily a meaning difference).
  • From the name of the Malay town below, after its high walls, perhaps supported by how the vocalization varies between قَلْعَة (qalʕa), قِلْعَة (qilʕa) and قَلَعَة (qalaʕa).
  • From Proto-Turkic *kiāl-mak (“to remain”). Compare the early Turkic borrowing for a fortification خَازُوق (ḵāzūq, “pale, stake”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /qal.ʕa/, (less common) IPA(key): /qil.ʕa/
    • (Hijazi) IPA(key): [ɡal.ʕa], [qal.ʕa]

Noun

قَلْعَة or قِلْعَة • (qalʕa or qilʕa) f (plural قِلَاع (qilāʕ) or قُلُوع (qulūʕ) or قَلَعَات (qalaʕāt))

  1. fortress, fort, castle
Declension
Declension of noun قَلْعَة (qalʕa)‎; قِلْعَة (qilʕa)
Singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قَلْعَة‎; قِلْعَة
qalʕa‎; qilʕa		 الْقَلْعَة‎; الْقِلْعَة
al-qalʕa‎; al-qilʕa		 قَلْعَة‎; قِلْعَة
qalʕat‎; qilʕat
Nominative قَلْعَةٌ‎; قِلْعَةٌ
qalʕatun‎; qilʕatun		 الْقَلْعَةُ‎; الْقِلْعَةُ
al-qalʕatu‎; al-qilʕatu		 قَلْعَةُ‎; قِلْعَةُ
qalʕatu‎; qilʕatu
Accusative قَلْعَةً‎; قِلْعَةً
qalʕatan‎; qilʕatan		 الْقَلْعَةَ‎; الْقِلْعَةَ
al-qalʕata‎; al-qilʕata		 قَلْعَةَ‎; قِلْعَةَ
qalʕata‎; qilʕata
Genitive قَلْعَةٍ‎; قِلْعَةٍ
qalʕatin‎; qilʕatin		 الْقَلْعَةِ‎; الْقِلْعَةِ
al-qalʕati‎; al-qilʕati		 قَلْعَةِ‎; قِلْعَةِ
qalʕati‎; qilʕati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قَلْعَتَيْن‎; قِلْعَتَيْن
qalʕatayn‎; qilʕatayn		 الْقَلْعَتَيْن‎; الْقِلْعَتَيْن
al-qalʕatayn‎; al-qilʕatayn		 قَلْعَتَيْ‎; قِلْعَتَيْ
qalʕatay‎; qilʕatay
Nominative قَلْعَتَانِ‎; قِلْعَتَانِ
qalʕatāni‎; qilʕatāni		 الْقَلْعَتَانِ‎; الْقِلْعَتَانِ
al-qalʕatāni‎; al-qilʕatāni		 قَلْعَتَا‎; قِلْعَتَا
qalʕatā‎; qilʕatā
Accusative قَلْعَتَيْنِ‎; قِلْعَتَيْنِ
qalʕatayni‎; qilʕatayni		 الْقَلْعَتَيْنِ‎; الْقِلْعَتَيْنِ
al-qalʕatayni‎; al-qilʕatayni		 قَلْعَتَيْ‎; قِلْعَتَيْ
qalʕatay‎; qilʕatay
Genitive قَلْعَتَيْنِ‎; قِلْعَتَيْنِ
qalʕatayni‎; qilʕatayni		 الْقَلْعَتَيْنِ‎; الْقِلْعَتَيْنِ
al-qalʕatayni‎; al-qilʕatayni		 قَلْعَتَيْ‎; قِلْعَتَيْ
qalʕatay‎; qilʕatay
Plural basic broken plural triptote‎; sound feminine plural
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قِلَاع‎; قُلُوع‎; قَلَعَات
qilāʕ‎; qulūʕ‎; qalaʕāt		 الْقِلَاع‎; الْقُلُوع‎; الْقَلَعَات
al-qilāʕ‎; al-qulūʕ‎; al-qalaʕāt		 قِلَاع‎; قُلُوع‎; قَلَعَات
qilāʕ‎; qulūʕ‎; qalaʕāt
Nominative قِلَاعٌ‎; قُلُوعٌ‎; قَلَعَاتٌ
qilāʕun‎; qulūʕun‎; qalaʕātun		 الْقِلَاعُ‎; الْقُلُوعُ‎; الْقَلَعَاتُ
al-qilāʕu‎; al-qulūʕu‎; al-qalaʕātu		 قِلَاعُ‎; قُلُوعُ‎; قَلَعَاتُ
qilāʕu‎; qulūʕu‎; qalaʕātu
Accusative قِلَاعًا‎; قُلُوعًا‎; قَلَعَاتٍ
qilāʕan‎; qulūʕan‎; qalaʕātin		 الْقِلَاعَ‎; الْقُلُوعَ‎; الْقَلَعَاتِ
al-qilāʕa‎; al-qulūʕa‎; al-qalaʕāti		 قِلَاعَ‎; قُلُوعَ‎; قَلَعَاتِ
qilāʕa‎; qulūʕa‎; qalaʕāti
Genitive قِلَاعٍ‎; قُلُوعٍ‎; قَلَعَاتٍ
qilāʕin‎; qulūʕin‎; qalaʕātin		 الْقِلَاعِ‎; الْقُلُوعِ‎; الْقَلَعَاتِ
al-qilāʕi‎; al-qulūʕi‎; al-qalaʕāti		 قِلَاعِ‎; قُلُوعِ‎; قَلَعَاتِ
qilāʕi‎; qulūʕi‎; qalaʕāti
Derived terms
  • قُلَيْعَة (qulayʕa, diminutive)
Descendants
Toponyms
  • → Spanish: Alcalá
  • → Sicilian: Carta-
  • → Sicilian: Cala-
  • ⇒ Arabic: قَلْعَةْ النِسَاء (qalʕat an-nisāʔ, “Fort of the Women”)

Etymology 2
Root
ق ل ع (q-l-ʕ)

Noun

قُلْعَة • (qulʕa) f

  1. (obsolete) distancing oneself, remotion, depart, not resting
    Synonym: رِحْلَة (riḥla)
Declension
Declension of noun قُلْعَة (qulʕa)
Singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قُلْعَة
qulʕa		 الْقُلْعَة
al-qulʕa		 قُلْعَة
qulʕat
Nominative قُلْعَةٌ
qulʕatun		 الْقُلْعَةُ
al-qulʕatu		 قُلْعَةُ
qulʕatu
Accusative قُلْعَةً
qulʕatan		 الْقُلْعَةَ
al-qulʕata		 قُلْعَةَ
qulʕata
Genitive قُلْعَةٍ
qulʕatin		 الْقُلْعَةِ
al-qulʕati		 قُلْعَةِ
qulʕati

Proper noun

قَلْعَة or قِلْعَة • (qalʕa or qilʕa) f

  1. alternative form of كَلَة (kala, “the tin-exporting port town”)
Declension
Declension of noun قَلْعَة (qalʕa)‎; قِلْعَة (qilʕa)
Singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal — قَلْعَة‎; قِلْعَة
qalʕa‎; qilʕa		 —
Nominative — قَلْعَةٌ‎; قِلْعَةٌ
qalʕatun‎; qilʕatun		 —
Accusative — قَلْعَةً‎; قِلْعَةً
qalʕatan‎; qilʕatan		 —
Genitive — قَلْعَةٍ‎; قِلْعَةٍ
qalʕatin‎; qilʕatin		 —
Derived terms

References
  • Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قلعة”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 396
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 237
  • Freytag, Georg (1835) “قلعة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 490
  • Mirzoyan, Knarik, Charchyan, Tadevos (2016) “Some Persian Loanwords in Tatar Language”, in Problems of Oriental Studies‎, volume 12, Yerevan: University Press, page 256
  • Siddiqi, Abdussattar (1919) Studien über die Persischen Fremdwörter im klassischen Arabisch (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 70–71
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قلعة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 853
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “قلعة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 920

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /qal.ʕe/, [ˈqɑl.ʕa]
  • IPA(key): /qal.ʕa/, [ˈqɑl.ʕa]
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Noun

قلعة • (qalʕa) f (plural قلاع (qilāʕ))

  1. fort, fortress, castle
  2. (chess) rook

See also
Chess pieces in South Levantine Arabic · قطع الشطرنج (ʔuṭaʕ iš-šaṭranj) (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
ملك (malik) ملكة (malike) قلعة (ʔalʕa) وزير (wazīr) حصان (ḥsān) جندي (jundi)
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