صف

Arabic

Etymology 1

Of the root ص ف ف (ṣ-f-f). Potentially an Aramaic borrowing, doublet of ضَفَّ (ḍaffa, “to push, to throng, to jam, to collect together”), the cognate of which is attested in the passive participle as Jewish Babylonian Aramaic צְפִיפ (ṣəp̄īp̄, “crowded, pushed into”), while the noun is also found as Jewish Babylonian Aramaic צַפָּא (ṣappā, “row”), a relative of which would be Jewish Palestinian Aramaic צפד (ṣfd, “to weave”), as this meaning is present in Arabic in an extended root Arabic ضَفَرَ (ḍafara, “to weave, to plait”), though the example of عَصًا (ʕaṣan) shows that rarely Proto-Semitic *ṣ́ inherited as Arabic ص (ṣ) is possible. Compare the suspicious term صَفَد (ṣafad, “fetter, shackle”), as well as رَفّ (raff, “shelf, a part of furniture where one rows things into”), and صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “bench”) is also a borrowing and possibly related to the root.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤaff/

Noun

صَفّ • (ṣaff) m (plural صُفُوف (ṣufūf))

row, line (sequence of people or objects)
battle order (arrangement of soldiers in battle)
setting in type
year, grade, form
class

Declension

Declension of noun صَفّ (ṣaff)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَفّ ṣaff	الصَّفّ aṣ-ṣaff	صَفّ ṣaff
Nominative	صَفٌّ ṣaffun	الصَّفُّ aṣ-ṣaffu	صَفُّ ṣaffu
Accusative	صَفًّا ṣaffan	الصَّفَّ aṣ-ṣaffa	صَفَّ ṣaffa
Genitive	صَفٍّ ṣaffin	الصَّفِّ aṣ-ṣaffi	صَفِّ ṣaffi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَفَّيْن ṣaffayn	الصَّفَّيْن aṣ-ṣaffayn	صَفَّيْ ṣaffay
Nominative	صَفَّانِ ṣaffāni	الصَّفَّانِ aṣ-ṣaffāni	صَفَّا ṣaffā
Accusative	صَفَّيْنِ ṣaffayni	الصَّفَّيْنِ aṣ-ṣaffayni	صَفَّيْ ṣaffay
Genitive	صَفَّيْنِ ṣaffayni	الصَّفَّيْنِ aṣ-ṣaffayni	صَفَّيْ ṣaffay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صُفُوف ṣufūf	الصُّفُوف aṣ-ṣufūf	صُفُوف ṣufūf
Nominative	صُفُوفٌ ṣufūfun	الصُّفُوفُ aṣ-ṣufūfu	صُفُوفُ ṣufūfu
Accusative	صُفُوفًا ṣufūfan	الصُّفُوفَ aṣ-ṣufūfa	صُفُوفَ ṣufūfa
Genitive	صُفُوفٍ ṣufūfin	الصُّفُوفِ aṣ-ṣufūfi	صُفُوفِ ṣufūfi

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: səff
→ Persian: صف
- → Dhivehi: ސަފު (safu)
→ Ottoman Turkish: صف
- → Turkish: saf
→ Swahili: safu
→ Uzbek: saf

Verb

صَفَّ • (ṣaffa) I, non-past يَصُفُّ‎ (yaṣuffu)

to line up, align
to compose, classify
to park (a car)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

صَفَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun صَفّ)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					صَفّ ṣaff
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					صَافّ ṣāff
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَصْفُوف maṣfūf
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صَفَفْتُ ṣafaftu	صَفَفْتَ ṣafafta	صَفَّ ṣaffa	صَفَفْتُمَا ṣafaftumā	صَفَّا ṣaffā	صَفَفْنَا ṣafafnā	صَفَفْتُمْ ṣafaftum	صَفُّوا ṣaffū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	صَفَفْتُ ṣafaftu	صَفَفْتِ ṣafafti	صَفَّتْ ṣaffat	صَفَفْتُمَا ṣafaftumā	صَفَّتَا ṣaffatā	صَفَفْنَا ṣafafnā	صَفَفْتُنَّ ṣafaftunna	صَفَفْنَ ṣafafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَصُفُّ ʔaṣuffu	تَصُفُّ taṣuffu	يَصُفُّ yaṣuffu	تَصُفَّانِ taṣuffāni	يَصُفَّانِ yaṣuffāni	نَصُفُّ naṣuffu	تَصُفُّونَ taṣuffūna	يَصُفُّونَ yaṣuffūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَصُفُّ ʔaṣuffu	تَصُفِّينَ taṣuffīna	تَصُفُّ taṣuffu	تَصُفَّانِ taṣuffāni	تَصُفَّانِ taṣuffāni	نَصُفُّ naṣuffu	تَصْفُفْنَ taṣfufna	يَصْفُفْنَ yaṣfufna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَصُفَّ ʔaṣuffa	تَصُفَّ taṣuffa	يَصُفَّ yaṣuffa	تَصُفَّا taṣuffā	يَصُفَّا yaṣuffā	نَصُفَّ naṣuffa	تَصُفُّوا taṣuffū	يَصُفُّوا yaṣuffū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَصُفَّ ʔaṣuffa	تَصُفِّي taṣuffī	تَصُفَّ taṣuffa	تَصُفَّا taṣuffā	تَصُفَّا taṣuffā	نَصُفَّ naṣuffa	تَصْفُفْنَ taṣfufna	يَصْفُفْنَ yaṣfufna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَصُفَّ or أَصُفِّ or أَصْفُفْ ʔaṣuffa or ʔaṣuffi or ʔaṣfuf	تَصُفَّ or تَصُفِّ or تَصْفُفْ taṣuffa or taṣuffi or taṣfuf	يَصُفَّ or يَصُفِّ or يَصْفُفْ yaṣuffa or yaṣuffi or yaṣfuf	تَصُفَّا taṣuffā	يَصُفَّا yaṣuffā	نَصُفَّ or نَصُفِّ or نَصْفُفْ naṣuffa or naṣuffi or naṣfuf	تَصُفُّوا taṣuffū	يَصُفُّوا yaṣuffū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَصُفِّي taṣuffī	تَصُفَّ or تَصُفِّ or تَصْفُفْ taṣuffa or taṣuffi or taṣfuf	تَصُفَّا taṣuffā	تَصُفَّا taṣuffā		تَصْفُفْنَ taṣfufna	يَصْفُفْنَ yaṣfufna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		صُفَّ or صُفِّ or اُصْفُفْ ṣuffa or ṣuffi or uṣfuf		صُفَّا ṣuffā			صُفُّوا ṣuffū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		صُفِّي ṣuffī		صُفَّا ṣuffā			اُصْفُفْنَ uṣfufna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صُفِفْتُ ṣufiftu	صُفِفْتَ ṣufifta	صُفَّ ṣuffa	صُفِفْتُمَا ṣufiftumā	صُفَّا ṣuffā	صُفِفْنَا ṣufifnā	صُفِفْتُمْ ṣufiftum	صُفُّوا ṣuffū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	صُفِفْتُ ṣufiftu	صُفِفْتِ ṣufifti	صُفَّتْ ṣuffat	صُفِفْتُمَا ṣufiftumā	صُفَّتَا ṣuffatā	صُفِفْنَا ṣufifnā	صُفِفْتُنَّ ṣufiftunna	صُفِفْنَ ṣufifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَفُّ ʔuṣaffu	تُصَفُّ tuṣaffu	يُصَفُّ yuṣaffu	تُصَفَّانِ tuṣaffāni	يُصَفَّانِ yuṣaffāni	نُصَفُّ nuṣaffu	تُصَفُّونَ tuṣaffūna	يُصَفُّونَ yuṣaffūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُصَفُّ ʔuṣaffu	تُصَفِّينَ tuṣaffīna	تُصَفُّ tuṣaffu	تُصَفَّانِ tuṣaffāni	تُصَفَّانِ tuṣaffāni	نُصَفُّ nuṣaffu	تُصْفَفْنَ tuṣfafna	يُصْفَفْنَ yuṣfafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَفَّ ʔuṣaffa	تُصَفَّ tuṣaffa	يُصَفَّ yuṣaffa	تُصَفَّا tuṣaffā	يُصَفَّا yuṣaffā	نُصَفَّ nuṣaffa	تُصَفُّوا tuṣaffū	يُصَفُّوا yuṣaffū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُصَفَّ ʔuṣaffa	تُصَفِّي tuṣaffī	تُصَفَّ tuṣaffa	تُصَفَّا tuṣaffā	تُصَفَّا tuṣaffā	نُصَفَّ nuṣaffa	تُصْفَفْنَ tuṣfafna	يُصْفَفْنَ yuṣfafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَفَّ or أُصَفِّ or أُصْفَفْ ʔuṣaffa or ʔuṣaffi or ʔuṣfaf	تُصَفَّ or تُصَفِّ or تُصْفَفْ tuṣaffa or tuṣaffi or tuṣfaf	يُصَفَّ or يُصَفِّ or يُصْفَفْ yuṣaffa or yuṣaffi or yuṣfaf	تُصَفَّا tuṣaffā	يُصَفَّا yuṣaffā	نُصَفَّ or نُصَفِّ or نُصْفَفْ nuṣaffa or nuṣaffi or nuṣfaf	تُصَفُّوا tuṣaffū	يُصَفُّوا yuṣaffū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُصَفِّي tuṣaffī	تُصَفَّ or تُصَفِّ or تُصْفَفْ tuṣaffa or tuṣaffi or tuṣfaf	تُصَفَّا tuṣaffā	تُصَفَّا tuṣaffā		تُصْفَفْنَ tuṣfafna	يُصْفَفْنَ yuṣfafna

Verb

صِفْ • (ṣif) (form I)

second-person masculine singular active imperative of وَصَفَ (waṣafa)

References

“ṣpp²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
“ṣpd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
“ṣp²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
Wehr, Hans (1979) “صف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 603

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ص ف ف
1 term

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤaff/, [sˤɑf]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Etymology 1

From Arabic صَفَّ (ṣaffa).

Verb

صفّ • (ṣaff) I (present بصفّ (biṣoff))

to get in line
to park (a vehicle)
Synonym: ركن (rakan)

Conjugation

Conjugation of صفّّ (ṣaff)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	صفّّيت (ṣaffēt)	صفّّيت (ṣaffēt)	صفّّ (ṣaff)	صفّّينا (ṣaffēna)	صفّّيتو (ṣaffētu)	صفّّو (ṣaffu)
past	f	صفّّيت (ṣaffēt)	صفّّيتي (ṣaffēti)	صفّّت (ṣaffat)	صفّّينا (ṣaffēna)	صفّّيتو (ṣaffētu)	صفّّو (ṣaffu)
present	m	بصفّّ (baṣoff)	بتصفّّ (bitṣoff)	بصفّّ (biṣoff)	منصفّّ (minṣoff)	بتصفّّو (bitṣoffu)	بصفّّو (biṣoffu)
present	f	بصفّّ (baṣoff)	بتصفّّي (bitṣoffi)	بتصفّّ (bitṣoff)	منصفّّ (minṣoff)	بتصفّّو (bitṣoffu)	بصفّّو (biṣoffu)
subjunctive	m	اصفّّ (aṣoff)	تصفّّ (tṣoff)	يصفّّ (yṣoff)	نصفّّ (nṣoff)	تصفّّو (tṣoffu)	يصفّّو (yṣoffu)
subjunctive	f	اصفّّ (aṣoff)	تصفّّي (tṣoffi)	تصفّّ (tṣoff)	نصفّّ (nṣoff)	تصفّّو (tṣoffu)	يصفّّو (yṣoffu)
imperative	m		صفّّ (ṣoff)			صفّّو (ṣoffu)
imperative	f		صفّّي (ṣoffi)			صفّّو (ṣoffu)

Etymology 2

From Arabic صَفّ (ṣaff).

Noun

صفّ • (ṣaff) m (plural صفوف (ṣfūf))

line, rank
class (at school)

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