سپاهی

See also: سپاہی

Ottoman Turkish

سپاهی

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (sipâhi, “soldier, cavalryman”). By surface analysis, سپاه (sipah, “army”) +‎ ـی.

Noun

سپاهی • (sipahi) (plural سپاهیان or سپاهیلر (sipahiler))

sipahi, a feudal cavalryman in the Ottoman Turkish army
yeoman, a small freeholder who farms his own land

Derived terms

تیمار سپاهیسی (tımar sipahisi, “yeoman of a small fief”)
زعامت سپاهیسی (zeʼamet sipahisi, “yeoman of a large fief”)
سپاهی اوجاغی (sipahi ocağı, “special corps of cavalry”)
سپاهی اوغلانی (sipahi oğlanı, “special corps of cavalry”)
سپاهیانه (sipahiyane, “soldierly”)
سپاهیلك (sipahilik, “military service”)

Descendants

Turkish: sipahi
→ English: sipahi
→ French: spahi
- → Dutch: spahi
- → English: spahi
- → Russian: спаги́ (spagí), спаг (spag)
→ Romanian: spahiu
→ Serbo-Croatian: sìpāh/сѝпа̄х, spàhija/спа̀хија

Further reading

Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sipahi”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4258
Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “سپاهی”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 263a
Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سپاهی”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 664
Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Militaris”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1048
Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سپاهی”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2534
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sipahi”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سپاهی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1037

Persian

Etymology

Derived with a possesive suffix (-i) from (sepâh, “army”), from Middle Persian spʿh / 𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧 (spāh), from Parthian *𐭎𐭐𐭀𐭃 (*spāδ), from Proto-Iranian *ćwáHdaH, perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwáHdʰaH, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ (dual), from *ḱweh₁-, *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, be great”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [si.pɑː.ˈhiː]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sɪ.pʰɑː.ˈiː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [si.pʰɔː.jí]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [se.pʰɒː.ɦíː]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [si.pʰɔ.ɦí]

Readings
Classical reading^?	sipāhī
Dari reading^?	sipāhī
Iranian reading^?	sepâhi
Tajik reading^?	sipohī

Noun

سِپاهی • (sepâhi) (plural سپاهیان (sepâhiyân))

(mostly in historical contexts) soldier
cavalryman
sepoy
IRGC member, pasdaran

Descendants

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی
→ Bengali: সিপাহী (śipahi)
→ Hindustani:
- Hindi: सिपाही (sipāhī)
- Urdu: سِپاہی m (sipāhī)
- → Gujarati: સિપાહી (sipāhī)
- → Kannada: ಸಿಪಾಯಿ (sipāyi)
- → Malayalam: ശിപായി (śipāyi)
- → Marathi: शिपाई (śipāī)
- → Indonesian: sipahi
- → Portuguese: sipae, sipai, sipaio, cipaio
  - → English: sepoy
    - → Dutch: sepoy, sipoy
      - → Indonesian: sepoy
    - → German: Sepoy
    - → Italian: sepoy
    - → Swedish: sepoy
      - → Finnish: sepoy
    - → Turkish: sepoy
  - → French: cipaye
  - → Russian: сипай (sipaj)
    - → Ukrainian: сипай (sypaj)
  - → Spanish: cipayo
    - → Basque: zipaio
- → Tamil: சிப்பாய் (cippāy)
- → Telugu: సిపాయి (sipāyi)
→ Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی (sipahi)
- Turkish: sipahi
- → French: spahi
  - → Dutch: spahi
  - → English: spahi, sipahi, spahee
  - → Russian: спаги́ (spagí), спаг (spag)
- → Romanian: spahiu
- → Serbo-Croatian: sìpāh/сѝпа̄х, spàhija/спа̀хија
Punjabi: ਸਿਪਾਹੀ (sipāhī)/سِپاہی (sipāhī)

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