سلم

See also: س ل م

Arabic

U+FDF8, ﷸ
ARABIC LIGATURE WASALLAM ISOLATED FORM

[U+FDF7]
Arabic Presentation Forms-A
[U+FDF9]
Root
س ل م (s-l-m)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /silm/

Noun

سِلْم or سَلْم • (silm or salm) m or f

  1. (uncountable) peace
    Antonym: حَرْب (ḥarb)
    إِنْ أَرَدْتَ السِّلْمَ فَتَأَهَّبْ لِلْحَرْبِ.
    ʔin ʔaradta as-silma fa-taʔahhab li-l-ḥarbi.
    If you want peace, then prepare for war.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:61:
      وَإِن جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَٱجْنَحْ لَهَا
      wa-ʔin janaḥū li-s-salmi fa-jnaḥ lahā
      And if they incline to peace, incline to it too.
Declension

Adjective

سِلْم or سَلْم • (silm or salm)

  1. peaceful
    أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِي.
    ʔana silmun liman sālama-nī.
    I am peaceful to him who keeps peace to me.
Declension

Noun

سَلَم • (salam) m

  1. submission, surrender
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:87:
      وَأَلْقَوْا إِلَى ٱللَّٰهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ ٱلسَّلَمَ ۖ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ
      wa-ʔalqaw ʔilā llāhi yawmaʔiḏin s-salama, wa-ḍalla ʕanhum mmā kānū yaftarūna
      And they proffer unto God on that day submission, and the idols they fell for failed them.
Declension

Adjective

سَلَم • (salam)

  1. in peace
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 39:29:
      ضَرَبَ ٱللّٰهُ مَثَلًا رَّجُلًا فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ وَرَجُلًا سَلَمًا لِّرَجُلٍ هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلًا ۚ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
      ḍaraba llāhu maṯalan rrajulan fīhi šurakāʔu mutašākisūna wa-rajulan salaman lli-rajulin hal yastawiyāni maṯalan. al-ḥamdu li-llāhi. bal ʔakṯaruhum lā yaʕlamūna
      God coined a simile: A man with various partners disputing and a man in peace. Are the two equal in the simile? Praise be to God! But most of them know not.
Declension

Etymology 2

From Aramaic סוּלַם (sulam), with influence from Hebrew סֻלָּם (sullām) – compare against Classical Syriac ܣܒܠܬܐ (sebbelṯā) and Classical Mandaic ࡎࡅࡌࡁࡉࡋࡕࡀ (sumbiltā) – from Akkadian 𒄑𒄿𒇻 (simmiltum, stair; stairs; ladder).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sul.lam/
  • (file)

Noun

سُلَّم • (sullam) f or m (plural سَلَالِم (salālim))

  1. ladder, stairs
Declension
Derived terms
  • سُلَّمَة (sullama, stair, step)

References

Verb

سَلِمَ • (salima) I, non-past يَسْلَمُ‎ (yaslamu)

  1. to be safe, to be well
  2. to be free (from); to become free (from), to escape (from)
    • a. 965 C.E., Al-Mutanabbi
      لَا يَسْلَمُ الشَّرَفُ الرَّفِيعُ مِنَ الْأَذَى
      حَتَّى يُرَاقَ عَلَى جَوَانِبِهِ الدَّمُ
      yaslamu aš-šarafu r-rafīʕu mina l-ʔaḏā
      ḥattā yurāqa ʕalā jawānibihi d-damu
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation

Etymology 4

Cognates include Hebrew שלם and Aramaic שלם.

Verb

سَلَّمَ • (sallama) II, non-past يُسَلِّمُ‎ (yusallimu)

  1. (transitive) to surrender
  2. to submit to, to be submissive to; to succumb, yield or surrender to
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:65:
      فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا
      fa-lā wa-rabbika lā yuʔminūna ḥattā yuḥakkimūka fīmā šajara baynahum ṯumma lā yajidū fī ʔanfusihim ḥarajan mimmā qaḍayta wa-yusallimū taslīman
      But nay, by thy Lord, they will not believe until they make thee judge about the dispute arising between them and find between themselves no trammel from what thou rulest and submit with whole submission.
  3. to greet (with عَلَى (ʕalā))
  4. to make safe, to protect
    اللّٰهُ يُسَلِّمُكَ
    allāhu yusallimuka
    you're welcome; may God protect you; get well soon; goodbye (as an answer)
    (literally, “may God protect you”)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:43:
      إِذْ يُرِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّٰهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلًا ۖ وَلَوْ أَرَاكَهُمْ كَثِيرًا لَّفَشِلْتُمْ وَلَتَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي ٱلْأَمْرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّٰهَ سَلَّمَ ۗ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ
      ʔiḏ yurīkahumu llāhu fī manāmika qalīlan, wa-law ʔarākahum kaṯīran lla-fašiltum wa-la-tanāzaʕtum fī l-ʔamri wa-lākinna llāha sallama, ʔinnahu ʕalīmun bi-ḏāti ṣ-ṣudūri
      When God showed them unto thee in thy dream as few, and if he had shown them to thee as many, ye would have dithered and would have made a fuss of the matter, but God kept you safe of it, for he knows how the breasts of the people go.
  5. to hand over, to deliver
  6. to admit, to concede, to grant (with ب (b))
Conjugation

Etymology 5

Root
س ل م (s-l-m)

Noun

سَلِم • (salim) m (collective, singulative سَلِمَة f (salima)) and plural of variety or alternative collective سِلَام (silām)

  1. stones
    • a. 622, لَبيد بن ربيعة [Labīd ibn Rabīʿa], معلقة Muʻallaqa, line 4b:
      ١ عَفَتِ الدِّيارُ مَحَلُّهَا فَمُقَامُهَا * بمنًى تأبَّدَ غَوْلُها فَرِجَامُهَا
      ٢ فمَدافعُ الرَّيَّانِ عُرِّيَ رَسْمُهَا * خَلَقًا كما ضَمِنَ الوُحِيَّ سِلاَمُها
      ٣ دِمَنٌ تَجَرَّمَ بَعدَ عَهْدِ أنِيسِهَا * حِجَجٌ خَلَوْنَ حَلالُهَا وحَرَامُهَا
      ٤ رُزِقَتْ مَرابيعَ النُّجُومِ وَصَابَهَا * وَدْقُ الرَّوَاعِدِ جَوْدُهَا فَرِهَامُها
      ٥ مِنْ كلِّ سَارِيَةٍ وغادٍ مُدْجِنٍ * وَعَشِيَّةٍ مُتجاوبٍ إرْزَامُهَا
      ٦ فَعَلا فُرُوعُ الأيْهُقَانِ وَأطْفَلَتْ * بالجَلهَتين ظِبَاؤهَا ونَعَامُهَا
      Effaced are her resting-places where she stayed and settled in Mina: deserted are her camps in Ḡawl and ar-Rijām
      and the torrents of ar-Rayyān: the traces thereof are laid bare and are torn, as inscribed rocks.
      Campsites have already passed after their period of use; years of war and peace overcome.
      Cast off there fell upon them the rains of spring signs, and there swept sated thunder clouds and drizzling rains
      from every cloud of night, every full one of morn, and those of eve, answering like a hoting squawk,
      and there sprung shoots of arugula, and in the brinks of a valley the goats and antelopes have youngs.
Declension

Etymology 6

Root
س ل م (s-l-m)

Noun

سَلَم • (salam) m (collective, singulative سَلَمَة f (salama), plural أَسْلَام (ʔaslām) or سِلَام (silām))

  1. Acacia ehrenbergiana
Declension

Etymology 7

Root
س ل م (s-l-m)

Noun

سَلَم • (salam) m

  1. (collective) captives
    Synonym: سَبْي (saby)
Declension

Etymology 8

Root
س ل م (s-l-m)

Noun

سَلَم • (salam) m

  1. futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction
    Synonym: سَلَف (salaf)
Declension

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic سُلَّم (sullam).

Noun

سلم • (sillim) m (plural سلالم (salālim))

  1. stairs

Malay

Verb

سلم

  1. Jawi spelling of selam

Persian

Etymology 1

From Arabic سَلَم (salam).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? salam
Dari reading? salam
Iranian reading? salam
Tajik reading? salam

Noun

سلم • (salam)

  1. Acacia ehrenbergiana

Etymology 2

From Avestan.

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? salm
Dari reading? salm
Iranian reading? salm
Tajik reading? salm

Proper noun

سلم • (salm)

  1. a male given name from Avestan
  2. Salm (Shahnameh)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
س ل م
8 terms

Etymology

From Arabic سَلَّمَ (sallama).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sal.lam/, [ˈsal.lam]
  • (file)

Verb

سلّم • (sallam) II (present بسلّم (bisallem))

  1. to greet
    Synonym: أهّل (ʔahhal)
  2. (transitive) to hand in, to submit
    Synonym: قدّم (ʔaddam)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of سلّم (sallam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m سلّمت (sallamt) سلّمت (sallamt) سلّم (sallam) سلّمنا (sallamna) سلّمتو (sallamtu) سلّمو (sallamu)
f سلّمتي (sallamti) سلّمت (sallamat)
present m بسلّم (basallem) بتسلّم (bitsallem) بسلّم (bisallem) منسلّم (minsallem) بتسلّمو (bitsallmu) بسلّمو (bisallmu)
f بتسلّمي (bitsallmi) بتسلّم (bitsallem)
subjunctive m اسلّم (asallem) تسلّم (tsallem) يسلّم (ysallem) نسلّم (nsallem) تسلّمو (tsallmu) يسلّمو (ysallmu)
f تسلّمي (tsallmi) تسلّم (tsallem)
imperative m سلّم (sallem) سلّمو (sallmu)
f سلّمي (sallmi)
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