خواندن

Persian

Alternative forms

  • خوندن (xundan) (colloquial Tehrani)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *hwanH- (to call), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swanH-, from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (to sound).[1]

Compare Northern Kurdish xwendin, Latin sonō, Sanskrit स्वनति (svanati).

Pronunciation

 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [xɑːn̪.d̪än]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [xɑːn̪.d̪än]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [xɔːn̪.d̪än]

Readings
Classical reading? xwāndan
Dari reading? xāndan
Iranian reading? xândan
Tajik reading? xondan

Verb

Dari خواندن
Iranian Persian
Tajik хондан

خوانْدَن • (xândan) (present stem خوان (xân))

  1. to read
    Synonyms: مطالعه کردن (motâle'e kardan), قرائت کردن (qerâ'at kardan), برخواندن (bar-xândan)
    برای خواندن همه این کتاب‌ها وقت ندارم.
    barâ-ye xândan-e hame-ye in ketâb-hâ vaqt nadâram.
    I don't have time to read all of these books.
  2. to recite
    Synonym: از بر خواندن (az bar xândan)
  3. to sing
    Synonym: آواز خواندن (âvâz xândan)
  4. to study
    Synonyms: مطالعه کردن (motâle'e kardan, to research), درس خواندن (dars xândan, to do schoolwork)
  5. (archaic, poetic) to beckon
    Synonym: فَراخواندَن (farâxândan)

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 144-5
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