خطيئة

Arabic

Etymology

Belongs to the root خ ط ء (ḵ-ṭ-ʔ), from which the verb form I خَطِئَ (ḵaṭiʔa, “to err”). Schwally proposed that this concrete noun – and Ge'ez ኀጢአት (ḫäṭiʾät, “sin”) – is borrowed from Classical Syriac ܚܛܝܬܐ (ḥəṭīṯɑ, ḥəṭʾīṯɑ, “sin”). This seems likely as there must be in Geʿez a borrowing because the root there means “to lack, to be in want”.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /xa.tˤiː.ʔa/

Noun

خَطِيئَة • (ḵaṭīʔa) f (plural خَطِيئَات (ḵaṭīʔāt) or خَطَايَا (ḵaṭāyā))

  1. (countable) sin, offense, fault, act of disobedience for which one deserves punishment
  2. (uncountable, especially Christianity) sin as a continuing state
    يَعِيشُ فِي الخَطِيئة. ― yaʕīšu fī l-ḵaṭīʔa. ― He’s living in sin.

Declension
Declension of noun خَطِيئَة (ḵaṭīʔa)
Singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal خَطِيئَة
ḵaṭīʔa		 الْخَطِيئَة
al-ḵaṭīʔa		 خَطِيئَة
ḵaṭīʔat
Nominative خَطِيئَةٌ
ḵaṭīʔatun		 الْخَطِيئَةُ
al-ḵaṭīʔatu		 خَطِيئَةُ
ḵaṭīʔatu
Accusative خَطِيئَةً
ḵaṭīʔatan		 الْخَطِيئَةَ
al-ḵaṭīʔata		 خَطِيئَةَ
ḵaṭīʔata
Genitive خَطِيئَةٍ
ḵaṭīʔatin		 الْخَطِيئَةِ
al-ḵaṭīʔati		 خَطِيئَةِ
ḵaṭīʔati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal خَطِيئَتَيْن
ḵaṭīʔatayn		 الْخَطِيئَتَيْن
al-ḵaṭīʔatayn		 خَطِيئَتَيْ
ḵaṭīʔatay
Nominative خَطِيئَتَانِ
ḵaṭīʔatāni		 الْخَطِيئَتَانِ
al-ḵaṭīʔatāni		 خَطِيئَتَا
ḵaṭīʔatā
Accusative خَطِيئَتَيْنِ
ḵaṭīʔatayni		 الْخَطِيئَتَيْنِ
al-ḵaṭīʔatayni		 خَطِيئَتَيْ
ḵaṭīʔatay
Genitive خَطِيئَتَيْنِ
ḵaṭīʔatayni		 الْخَطِيئَتَيْنِ
al-ḵaṭīʔatayni		 خَطِيئَتَيْ
ḵaṭīʔatay
Plural sound feminine plural‎; broken plural invariable
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal خَطِيئَات‎; خَطَايَا
ḵaṭīʔāt‎; ḵaṭāyā		 الْخَطِيئَات‎; الْخَطَايَا
al-ḵaṭīʔāt‎; al-ḵaṭāyā		 خَطِيئَات‎; خَطَايَا
ḵaṭīʔāt‎; ḵaṭāyā
Nominative خَطِيئَاتٌ‎; خَطَايَا
ḵaṭīʔātun‎; ḵaṭāyā		 الْخَطِيئَاتُ‎; الْخَطَايَا
al-ḵaṭīʔātu‎; al-ḵaṭāyā		 خَطِيئَاتُ‎; خَطَايَا
ḵaṭīʔātu‎; ḵaṭāyā
Accusative خَطِيئَاتٍ‎; خَطَايَا
ḵaṭīʔātin‎; ḵaṭāyā		 الْخَطِيئَاتِ‎; الْخَطَايَا
al-ḵaṭīʔāti‎; al-ḵaṭāyā		 خَطِيئَاتِ‎; خَطَايَا
ḵaṭīʔāti‎; ḵaṭāyā
Genitive خَطِيئَاتٍ‎; خَطَايَا
ḵaṭīʔātin‎; ḵaṭāyā		 الْخَطِيئَاتِ‎; الْخَطَايَا
al-ḵaṭīʔāti‎; al-ḵaṭāyā		 خَطِيئَاتِ‎; خَطَايَا
ḵaṭīʔāti‎; ḵaṭāyā

Alternative forms
  • خَطِيئَة أَصْلِيَّة (ḵaṭīʔa ʔaṣliyya, “original sin”)

References
  • Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 268
  • Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 36
  • Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 52, page 132
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