جسر
Arabic
Etymology 1
From Aramaic גִּישְׁרָא / גִּשְׁרָא (gišrā) / ܓܫܪܐ (gešrā), with Hebrew גֶּשֶׁר (géšer) from Akkadian 𒄀𒅆𒅕𒊑 (/gišru/). Note the meaning “timber, beam” in Syriac – originally the Arabic word meant a wooden bridge in distinction from a stone bridge قَنْطَرَة (qanṭara). The word has a derivation in Akkadian from 𒄑𒃡 (GIŠ.ÙR), 𒄑𒃡𒋗 (GIŠ.ŠU.ÙR /gušūru, gašūru/, “tree-trunk; felled log, timber; beams”), itself considered a Sumerian loanword.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d͡ʒisr/
Audio (file)
Declension
Declension of noun جِسْر (jisr)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جِسْر jisr |
الْجِسْر al-jisr |
جِسْر jisr |
Nominative | جِسْرٌ jisrun |
الْجِسْرُ al-jisru |
جِسْرُ jisru |
Accusative | جِسْرًا jisran |
الْجِسْرَ al-jisra |
جِسْرَ jisra |
Genitive | جِسْرٍ jisrin |
الْجِسْرِ al-jisri |
جِسْرِ jisri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | جِسْرَيْن jisrayn |
الْجِسْرَيْن al-jisrayn |
جِسْرَيْ jisray |
Nominative | جِسْرَانِ jisrāni |
الْجِسْرَانِ al-jisrāni |
جِسْرَا jisrā |
Accusative | جِسْرَيْنِ jisrayni |
الْجِسْرَيْنِ al-jisrayni |
جِسْرَيْ jisray |
Genitive | جِسْرَيْنِ jisrayni |
الْجِسْرَيْنِ al-jisrayni |
جِسْرَيْ jisray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَجْسُر; جُسُور ʔajsur; jusūr |
الْأَجْسُر; الْجُسُور al-ʔajsur; al-jusūr |
أَجْسُر; جُسُور ʔajsur; jusūr |
Nominative | أَجْسُرٌ; جُسُورٌ ʔajsurun; jusūrun |
الْأَجْسُرُ; الْجُسُورُ al-ʔajsuru; al-jusūru |
أَجْسُرُ; جُسُورُ ʔajsuru; jusūru |
Accusative | أَجْسُرًا; جُسُورًا ʔajsuran; jusūran |
الْأَجْسُرَ; الْجُسُورَ al-ʔajsura; al-jusūra |
أَجْسُرَ; جُسُورَ ʔajsura; jusūra |
Genitive | أَجْسُرٍ; جُسُورٍ ʔajsurin; jusūrin |
الْأَجْسُرِ; الْجُسُورِ al-ʔajsuri; al-jusūri |
أَجْسُرِ; جُسُورِ ʔajsuri; jusūri |
Etymology 2
Root |
---|
ج س ر (j-s-r) |
Verb
جَسَرَ • (jasara) I, non-past يَجْسُرُ (yajsuru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
جَسَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns جَسَارَة or جُسُور)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
jasāra or jusūr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
جَاسِر jāsir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَجْسُور majsūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | jasartu |
jasarta |
jasara |
جَسَرْتُمَا jasartumā |
جَسَرَا jasarā |
jasarnā |
jasartum |
jasarū | |||
f | jasarti |
jasarat |
جَسَرَتَا jasaratā |
jasartunna |
jasarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔajsuru |
tajsuru |
yajsuru |
تَجْسُرَانِ tajsurāni |
يَجْسُرَانِ yajsurāni |
najsuru |
tajsurūna |
yajsurūna | |||
f | tajsurīna |
tajsuru |
تَجْسُرَانِ tajsurāni |
tajsurna |
yajsurna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔajsura |
tajsura |
yajsura |
تَجْسُرَا tajsurā |
يَجْسُرَا yajsurā |
najsura |
tajsurū |
yajsurū | |||
f | tajsurī |
tajsura |
تَجْسُرَا tajsurā |
tajsurna |
yajsurna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔajsur |
tajsur |
yajsur |
تَجْسُرَا tajsurā |
يَجْسُرَا yajsurā |
najsur |
tajsurū |
yajsurū | |||
f | tajsurī |
tajsur |
تَجْسُرَا tajsurā |
tajsurna |
yajsurna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ujsur |
اُجْسُرَا ujsurā |
ujsurū |
||||||||
f | ujsurī |
ujsurna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | jusira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yujsaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yujsara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yujsar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Verb
جَسَرَ • (jasara) I, non-past يَجْسُرُ (yajsuru)
- to arch, vault, cross over (a bridge or as if by a bridge)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
جَسَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun جَسْر)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
jasr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
جَاسِر jāsir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَجْسُور majsūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | jasartu |
jasarta |
jasara |
جَسَرْتُمَا jasartumā |
جَسَرَا jasarā |
jasarnā |
jasartum |
jasarū | |||
f | jasarti |
jasarat |
جَسَرَتَا jasaratā |
jasartunna |
jasarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔajsuru |
tajsuru |
yajsuru |
تَجْسُرَانِ tajsurāni |
يَجْسُرَانِ yajsurāni |
najsuru |
tajsurūna |
yajsurūna | |||
f | tajsurīna |
tajsuru |
تَجْسُرَانِ tajsurāni |
tajsurna |
yajsurna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔajsura |
tajsura |
yajsura |
تَجْسُرَا tajsurā |
يَجْسُرَا yajsurā |
najsura |
tajsurū |
yajsurū | |||
f | tajsurī |
tajsura |
تَجْسُرَا tajsurā |
tajsurna |
yajsurna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔajsur |
tajsur |
yajsur |
تَجْسُرَا tajsurā |
يَجْسُرَا yajsurā |
najsur |
tajsurū |
yajsurū | |||
f | tajsurī |
tajsur |
تَجْسُرَا tajsurā |
tajsurna |
yajsurna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ujsur |
اُجْسُرَا ujsurā |
ujsurū |
||||||||
f | ujsurī |
ujsurna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | jusira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yujsaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yujsara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yujsar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Declension
Declension of noun جَسْر (jasr)
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Classical Persian جسر (jasar), from Bengali যশোর (jośōr).
Declension
Declension of noun جَسَر (jasar)
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 285
- Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19), Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 52
- Meissner, Bruno (1894) “Lexicographische Studien”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete (in German), volume 9, pages 268–270
- Müller, David Heinrich (1887) “Arabisch-aramäische Glossen”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 1, pages 31–32
- Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 31
Hijazi Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d͡ʒi.sir/, [d͡ʒɪ.sɪr], [ʒɪ.sɪɾ]
See also
- كبري (kubri, “overpass”)
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ج س ر |
1 term |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒisr/, [ˈʒɪ.s(ɪ)r], [ˈd͡ʒɪ.s(ɪ)r]
Audio (Amman) (file)
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