تف
Arabic
Persian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”). Akin to Ossetian ту (tu, “spittle”), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati, “to spit”), Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ, “spit, spittle”), Serbo-Croatian pljuvati (“to spit”), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “to spit out”), Latin spuō (“to spit”), English spew.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [tuf]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰʊf]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [t̪ʰʊf]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [t̪ʰuf]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰof]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰuf]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | tuf |
| Dari reading? | tuf |
| Iranian reading? | tof |
| Tajik reading? | tuf |
Derived terms
- تف کردن (tof kardan)
Etymology 2
Related to Old Armenian տապ (tap, “heat”), an Iranian borrowing. Related to تب (tab).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [taf]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäf]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäf]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäf]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰæf]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäf]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | taf |
| Dari reading? | taf |
| Iranian reading? | taf |
| Tajik reading? | taf |
Derived terms
- تف دادن (taf dâdan)
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تف”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ت ف ف |
| 1 term |
Etymology
Imitative of spitting. Form II means “to utter a тьфу (tʹfu)” (as a common interjection nowadays goes in Russian).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /taff/, [taf]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Usage notes
- The non-past forms of this verb are typically pronounced with the vowel “i” by Palestinians and “u” by Jordanians.[1]
Conjugation
| Conjugation of تفّ (taff), present: بتفّ (bitiff) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| past | m | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّ (taff) | تفّينا (taffēna) | تفّيتو (taffētu) | تفّو (taffu) | |
| f | تفّيتي (taffēti) | تفّت (taffat) | ||||||
| present | m | بتفّ (batiff) | بتتفّ (bittiff) | بتفّ (bitiff) | منتفّ (mintiff) | بتتفّو (bittiffu) | بتفّو (bitiffu) | |
| f | بتتفّي (bittiffi) | بتتفّ (bittiff) | ||||||
| subjunctive | m | اتفّ (atiff) | تتفّ (ttiff) | يتفّ (ytiff) | نتفّ (ntiff) | تتفّو (ttiffu) | يتفّو (ytiffu) | |
| f | تتفّي (ttiffi) | تتفّ (ttiff) | ||||||
| imperative | m | تفّ (tiff) | تفّو (tiffu) | |||||
| f | تفّي (tiffi) | |||||||
| Conjugation of تفّ (taff), present: بتفّ (bitoff) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| past | m | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّ (taff) | تفّينا (taffēna) | تفّيتو (taffētu) | تفّو (taffu) | |
| f | تفّيتي (taffēti) | تفّت (taffat) | ||||||
| present | m | بتفّ (batoff) | بتتفّ (bittoff) | بتفّ (bitoff) | منتفّ (mintoff) | بتتفّو (bittoffu) | بتفّو (bitoffu) | |
| f | بتتفّي (bittoffi) | بتتفّ (bittoff) | ||||||
| subjunctive | m | اتفّ (atoff) | تتفّ (ttoff) | يتفّ (ytoff) | نتفّ (ntoff) | تتفّو (ttoffu) | يتفّو (ytoffu) | |
| f | تتفّي (ttoffi) | تتفّ (ttoff) | ||||||
| imperative | m | تفّ (toff) | تفّو (toffu) | |||||
| f | تفّي (toffi) | |||||||
References
- Fridrik E. Tiedemann (2015) The 101 Most Used Verbs In Spoken Arabic: Jordan and Palestine, Amman: The Author, →ISBN, page 155
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