الشام
Arabic
Alternative forms
- شام (šām)
Etymology
From the root ش ء م (š-ʔ-m), a variant of ش م ل (š-m-l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).
Proper noun
الشَّام • (aš-šām) f
- Damascus (the capital city of Syria)
- Synonym: دِمَشْق (dimašq)
- الشَّام القَدِيمَة
- aš-šām al-qadīma
- Old Damascus
Declension
Declension of noun الشَّام (aš-šām)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | الشَّام aš-šām |
— |
| Nominative | — | الشَّامُ aš-šāmu |
— |
| Accusative | — | الشَّامَ aš-šāma |
— |
| Genitive | — | الشَّامِ aš-šāmi |
— |
Proper noun
الشَّام • (aš-šām) m
- Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)
- Synonym: بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām)
Declension
Declension of noun الشَّام (aš-šām)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | الشَّام aš-šām |
— |
| Nominative | — | الشَّامُ aš-šāmu |
— |
| Accusative | — | الشَّامَ aš-šāma |
— |
| Genitive | — | الشَّامِ aš-šāmi |
— |
South Levantine Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃʃaːm/, [(ɪ)ʃˈʃæːm]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Proper noun
الشام • (iš-šām) f
- Damascus (the capital city of Syria)
- Synonym: (formal) دمشق (dimašq)
Derived terms
- بلاد الشام (blād iš-šām, “Syria; Levant”)
- شامي (šāmi, “Damascene; Levantine”)
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