إله

See also: أله, اله, آله, and آلة

Arabic

Alternative forms
  • إِلَاه (ʔilāh)

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʾil- with a vocative suffix ـَاه (-āh) which is else only sporadically attested in Arabic but has left its trace in the -ā vocatives of أَب (ʔab, “father”), أَخ (ʔaḵ, “brother”), حَم (ḥam, “father-in-law”). Forms a root ء ل ه (ʔ-l-h).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔi.laːh/
    • Egypt: IPA(key): [ʔeˈlæːh]
    • Levant: IPA(key): [ʔɪˈlaːh]
    • Central Arabia: IPA(key): [ʔɪˈlæːh]
    • Hijazi: IPA(key): [ʔɪˈlaːh]
    • Persian Gulf: IPA(key): [ʔɪˈlɑːh]
    • Tunisia: IPA(key): [ʔiˈlɛːh]
    • Algeria: IPA(key): [ʔiˈlæːh]
    • Morocco: IPA(key): [ʔiˈlæːh]

Noun

إِلٰه • (ʔilāh) m (plural آلِهَة (ʔāliha), feminine إِلٰهَة (ʔilāha)) (countable)

  1. a god, a deity, a divinity
    Synonym: رَبّ (rabb, “lord; master”)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:88:
      وَلَا تَدْعُ مَعَ اللَّٰهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ ۘ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ
      walā tadʕu maʕa llāhi ʔilāhan ʔāḵara lā ʔilāha ʔillā huwa
      And do not call upon another god beside Allah: there is no god but He.

Declension
Declension of noun إِلٰه (ʔilāh)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal إِلٰه
ʔilāh		 الْإِلٰه
al-ʔilāh		 إِلٰه
ʔilāh
Nominative إِلٰهٌ
ʔilāhun		 الْإِلٰهُ
al-ʔilāhu		 إِلٰهُ
ʔilāhu
Accusative إِلٰهًا
ʔilāhan		 الْإِلٰهَ
al-ʔilāha		 إِلٰهَ
ʔilāha
Genitive إِلٰهٍ
ʔilāhin		 الْإِلٰهِ
al-ʔilāhi		 إِلٰهِ
ʔilāhi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal إِلٰهَيْن‎; إلَاهَيْن
ʔilāhayn‎; ʔilāhayn		 الْإِلٰهَيْن‎; الْإلَاهَيْن
al-ʔilāhayn‎; al-ʔilāhayn		 إِلٰهَيْ‎; إلَاهَيْ
ʔilāhay‎; ʔilāhay
Nominative إِلٰهَانِ‎; إلَاهَانِ
ʔilāhāni‎; ʔilāhāni		 الْإِلٰهَانِ‎; الْإلَاهَانِ
al-ʔilāhāni‎; al-ʔilāhāni		 إِلٰهَا‎; إلَاهَا
ʔilāhā‎; ʔilāhā
Accusative إِلٰهَيْنِ‎; إلَاهَيْنِ
ʔilāhayni‎; ʔilāhayni		 الْإِلٰهَيْنِ‎; الْإلَاهَيْنِ
al-ʔilāhayni‎; al-ʔilāhayni		 إِلٰهَيْ‎; إلَاهَيْ
ʔilāhay‎; ʔilāhay
Genitive إِلٰهَيْنِ‎; إلَاهَيْنِ
ʔilāhayni‎; ʔilāhayni		 الْإِلٰهَيْنِ‎; الْإلَاهَيْنِ
al-ʔilāhayni‎; al-ʔilāhayni		 إِلٰهَيْ‎; إلَاهَيْ
ʔilāhay‎; ʔilāhay
Plural broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal آلِهَة
ʔāliha		 الْآلِهَة
al-ʔāliha		 آلِهَة
ʔālihat
Nominative آلِهَةٌ
ʔālihatun		 الْآلِهَةُ
al-ʔālihatu		 آلِهَةُ
ʔālihatu
Accusative آلِهَةً
ʔālihatan		 الْآلِهَةَ
al-ʔālihata		 آلِهَةَ
ʔālihata
Genitive آلِهَةٍ
ʔālihatin		 الْآلِهَةِ
al-ʔālihati		 آلِهَةِ
ʔālihati

Descendants
  • Azerbaijani: ilah
  • Northern Kurdish: îlah
  • → Ottoman Turkish: الاه (ilāh)
    > Turkish: ilah (inherited)
  • Uyghur: ئىلاھ (ilah)
  • Uzbek: iloh

References
  • Bauer, Hans (1915) “Semitische Sprachprobleme. 5. Die Verwandtschaftsnamen und ilāh „Gott“ im Semitischen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 69, page 561
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “ءله”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
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