երինջ

Armenian

Alternative forms

  • էրինջ (ērinǰ) dialectal

Etymology

From Old Armenian երինջ (erinǰ). According to Ačaṙyan, the sense "sprout of grapes" developed figuratively from the sense “heifer”; typologically compare որթ (ortʻ, calf; vine).

Pronunciation

Noun

երինջ • (erinǰ)

  1. heifer
  2. (dialectal, Ararat) three-year-old sprout of grapes which is replanted separately

Declension

Descendants

  • Georgian: ერინჯი (erinǯi) Adjara, Chveneburi

Further reading

  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 265
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “երինջ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 56b

Old Armenian

Etymology

A Zan borrowing: compare Mingrelian ორინჯი (orinǯi), ორიჯი (oriǯi, cattle), ორჯი (orǯi, cow).[1][2] Ačaṙyan takes the borrowing in the other direction, not finding any Kartvelian cognates for Mingrelian,[3] but the latter, according to Kiria, has a native origin from Proto-Kartvelian *r-, *ar- (to be), which has number of other derivatives including Laz რინ- (rin-, to beget).[4][5][6][7][8] Javakhishvili, denying Ačaṙyan, instead connects the Mingrelian terms to Mingrelian ერჯი (erǯi), which, according to him and Klimov, is cognate to Georgian ვერძი (verʒi).[9][10]

For the sense development compare Mingrelian შხური (šxuri), Laz ჩხური (çxuri), Georgian ცხვარი (cxvari, sheep), ultimately from Proto-Georgian-Zan *c₁xow- (animate, alive) (another Kartvelian livestock term borrowed into Armenian as ոչխար (očʻxar)).

Note also Old Armenian որոջ (oroǰ), արոջ (aroǰ, lamb), երէ (erē, herbivorous game animal; living being).

The comparisons with Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos, kid), Latin ariēs (ram), Lithuanian ė́ras (lamb) are unnecessary.

Noun

երինջ • (erinǰ)

  1. heifer, young cow
  2. (by extension) cow
  3. (figuratively) bride

Declension

Descendants

References

  1. Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “ორიჯი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 294b
  2. Marr, N. (1912) “Яфетические элементы в языках Армении. IV [Japhethic Elements in the Languages of Armenia. IV]”, in Известия Российской Академии Наук. VI серия (in Russian), volume 6, number 13, page 834
  3. Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “երինջ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 56ab
  4. Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 133
  5. Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, pages 154–155
  6. Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*a-r-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 3
  7. Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*r-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 153
  8. Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 336
  9. Ǯavaxišvili, Ivane (1937) Kartveli eris isṭoriis šesavali. Ṭomi 2. Kartuli da ḳavḳasiuri enebis tavdaṗirveli buneba da natesaoba [Introduction to the history of the Georgian nation. Volume II. The original structure and relations of Caucasian and Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 200, footnote
  10. Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*werʒ₁-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 52

Further reading

  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “երինջ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 264
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “երինջ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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