окам
Bulgarian
Etymology
Onomatopoeic, from the onomatopoeia о-о-о (o-o-o) + -кам (-kam).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɔkɐm]
Verb
о́кам • (ókam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective о́кна) (dialectal, Western dialects)
Conjugation
Conjugation of о́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | о́кащ ókašt |
о́кал, ока́л1 ókal, okál1 |
о́кал ókal |
— | о́кайки ókajki | |
| definite subject form | о́кащият ókaštijat |
о́калият, ока́лият1 ókalijat, okálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | о́кащия ókaštija |
о́калия, ока́лия1 ókalija, okálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | о́каща ókašta |
о́кала, ока́ла1 ókala, okála1 |
о́кала ókala |
— | ||
| definite | о́кащата ókaštata |
о́калата, ока́лата1 ókalata, okálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | о́кащо ókašto |
о́кало, ока́ло1 ókalo, okálo1 |
о́кало ókalo |
— | о́кане ókane | |
| definite | о́кащото ókaštoto |
о́калото, ока́лото1 ókaloto, okáloto1 |
— | — | о́кането ókaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | о́кащи ókašti |
о́кали, ока́ли1 ókali, okáli1 |
о́кали ókali |
— | о́кания, о́канета ókanija, ókaneta | |
| definite | о́кащите ókaštite |
о́калите, ока́лите1 ókalite, okálite1 |
— | — | о́канията, о́канетата ókanijata, ókanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | о́кам ókam |
о́каш ókaš |
о́ка óka |
о́каме ókame |
о́кате ókate |
о́кат ókat | |
| imperfect | о́ках ókah |
о́каше ókaše |
о́каше ókaše |
о́кахме ókahme |
о́кахте ókahte |
о́каха ókaha | |
| aorist | о́ках, ока́х1 ókah, okáh1 |
о́ка, ока́1 óka, oká1 |
о́ка, ока́1 óka, oká1 |
о́кахме, ока́хме1 ókahme, okáhme1 |
о́кахте, ока́хте1 ókahte, okáhte1 |
о́каха, ока́ха1 ókaha, okáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and о́кал m, о́кала f, о́кало n, or о́кали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and о́кал m, о́кала f, о́кало n, or о́кали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and о́кал m, о́кала f, о́кало n, or о́кали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and о́кал/ока́л1 m, о́кала/ока́ла1 f, о́кало/ока́ло1 n, or о́кали/ока́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| о́кай ókaj |
о́кайте ókajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- о́квам (ókvam) (semelfactive)
- заокам pf (zaokam), заоквам impf (zaokvam)
- изокам pf (izokam), изоквам impf (izokvam)
Related terms
- ва́кам (vákam, “to call names”) (dialectal)
- хо́кам (hókam, “to rebuke”)
- у́кам (úkam, “to boo”)
References
- “окам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “окам, окна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 829
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