νυστάζω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Some Baltic expressions for "slumber, sleepy" are strongly reminiscent of this word, like Lithuanian snústi (“to slumber away”) and snudà (“sleeper, dreamer”); a different ablaut-grade appears in snáudžiu (“to slumber”) and forms with an l-suffix: Lithuanian snaudālius (“sleepy man”) and Latvian snaudale (“sleepy-head”). All these words suggest a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European root *snud- (“to slumber, doze”). Thus, -τάζω would be just a formal enlargement, as in κλαστάζω (klastázō) and βαστάζω (bastázō). If this is correct, the old connection with νεύω (neúō, “to nod”) should be abandoned.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /nys.táz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /nysˈta.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /nysˈta.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /nysˈta.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /nisˈta.zo/
Inflection
- Mainly in the present
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | νυστᾰ́ζω | νυστᾰ́ζεις | νυστᾰ́ζει | νυστᾰ́ζετον | νυστᾰ́ζετον | νυστᾰ́ζομεν | νυστᾰ́ζετε | νυστᾰ́ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | νυστᾰ́ζω | νυστᾰ́ζῃς | νυστᾰ́ζῃ | νυστᾰ́ζητον | νυστᾰ́ζητον | νυστᾰ́ζωμεν | νυστᾰ́ζητε | νυστᾰ́ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | νυστᾰ́ζοιμῐ | νυστᾰ́ζοις | νυστᾰ́ζοι | νυστᾰ́ζοιτον | νυστᾰζοίτην | νυστᾰ́ζοιμεν | νυστᾰ́ζοιτε | νυστᾰ́ζοιεν | |||||
imperative | νύστᾰζε | νυστᾰζέτω | νυστᾰ́ζετον | νυστᾰζέτων | νυστᾰ́ζετε | νυστᾰζόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | νυστᾰ́ζειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | νυστᾰ́ζων | |||||||||||
f | νυστᾰ́ζουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | νυστᾰ́ζον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐνύστᾰζον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐνύστᾰζον | ἐνύστᾰζες | ἐνύστᾰζε(ν) | ἐνυστᾰ́ζετον | ἐνυστᾰζέτην | ἐνυστᾰ́ζομεν | ἐνυστᾰ́ζετε | ἐνύστᾰζον | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: νυστᾰ́ξω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | νυστᾰ́ξω | νυστᾰ́ξεις | νυστᾰ́ξει | νυστᾰ́ξετον | νυστᾰ́ξετον | νυστᾰ́ξομεν | νυστᾰ́ξετε | νυστᾰ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | νυστᾰ́ξοιμῐ | νυστᾰ́ξοις | νυστᾰ́ξοι | νυστᾰ́ξοιτον | νυστᾰξοίτην | νυστᾰ́ξοιμεν | νυστᾰ́ξοιτε | νυστᾰ́ξοιεν | |||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | νυστᾰ́ξειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | νυστᾰ́ξων | |||||||||||
f | νυστᾰ́ξουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | νυστᾰ́ξον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἐνύστᾰξᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐνύστᾰξᾰ | ἐνύστᾰξᾰς | ἐνύστᾰξε(ν) | ἐνυστᾰ́ξᾰτον | ἐνυστᾰξᾰ́την | ἐνυστᾰ́ξᾰμεν | ἐνυστᾰ́ξᾰτε | ἐνύστᾰξᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | νυστᾰ́ξω | νυστᾰ́ξῃς | νυστᾰ́ξῃ | νυστᾰ́ξητον | νυστᾰ́ξητον | νυστᾰ́ξωμεν | νυστᾰ́ξητε | νυστᾰ́ξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | νυστᾰ́ξαιμῐ | νυστᾰ́ξειᾰς, νυστᾰ́ξαις |
νυστᾰ́ξειε(ν), νυστᾰ́ξαι |
νυστᾰ́ξαιτον | νυστᾰξαίτην | νυστᾰ́ξαιμεν | νυστᾰ́ξαιτε | νυστᾰ́ξειᾰν, νυστᾰ́ξαιεν | |||||
imperative | νύστᾰξον | νυστᾰξᾰ́τω | νυστᾰ́ξᾰτον | νυστᾰξᾰ́των | νυστᾰ́ξᾰτε | νυστᾰξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | νυστᾰ́ξαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | νυστᾰ́ξᾱς | |||||||||||
f | νυστᾰ́ξᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | νυστᾰ́ξᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἐνύστᾰσᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐνύστᾰσᾰ | ἐνύστᾰσᾰς | ἐνύστᾰσε(ν) | ἐνυστᾰ́σᾰτον | ἐνυστᾰσᾰ́την | ἐνυστᾰ́σᾰμεν | ἐνυστᾰ́σᾰτε | ἐνύστᾰσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | νυστᾰ́σω | νυστᾰ́σῃς | νυστᾰ́σῃ | νυστᾰ́σητον | νυστᾰ́σητον | νυστᾰ́σωμεν | νυστᾰ́σητε | νυστᾰ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | νυστᾰ́σαιμῐ | νυστᾰ́σειᾰς, νυστᾰ́σαις |
νυστᾰ́σειε(ν), νυστᾰ́σαι |
νυστᾰ́σαιτον | νυστᾰσαίτην | νυστᾰ́σαιμεν | νυστᾰ́σαιτε | νυστᾰ́σειᾰν, νυστᾰ́σαιεν | |||||
imperative | νύστᾰσον | νυστᾰσᾰ́τω | νυστᾰ́σᾰτον | νυστᾰσᾰ́των | νυστᾰ́σᾰτε | νυστᾰσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | νυστᾰ́σαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | νυστᾰ́σᾱς | |||||||||||
f | νυστᾰ́σᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | νυστᾰ́σᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἀπονυστάζω (aponustázō)
- ἐπῐνυστάζω (epinustázō)
- κᾰτᾰνυστάζω (katanustázō)
- νύσταγμα (nústagma)
- νυσταγμός (nustagmós)
- νυστακτής (nustaktḗs)
- νυστακτικῶς (nustaktikôs)
- νύσταξις (nústaxis)
- νυστᾰλέος (nustaléos)
- νύστᾰλος (nústalos)
- ὑπονυστάζω (huponustázō)
Descendants
- Greek: νυστάζω (nystázo)
Further reading
- “νυστάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “νυστάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- νυστάζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek νυστάζω (nustázō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /niˈsta.zo/
- Hyphenation: νυ‧στά‧ζω
Verb
Conjugation
νυστάζω (active forms only plus passive perfect participle)
Active voice ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
1 sg | νυστάζω | νυστάξω | ||
2 sg | νυστάζεις | νυστάξεις | ||
3 sg | νυστάζει | νυστάξει | ||
1 pl | νυστάζουμε, [‑ομε] | νυστάξουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
2 pl | νυστάζετε | νυστάξετε | ||
3 pl | νυστάζουν(ε) | νυστάξουν(ε) | ||
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
1 sg | νύσταζα | νύσταξα | ||
2 sg | νύσταζες | νύσταξες | ||
3 sg | νύσταζε | νύσταξε | ||
1 pl | νυστάζαμε | νυστάξαμε | ||
2 pl | νυστάζατε | νυστάξατε | ||
3 pl | νύσταζαν, νυστάζαν(ε) | νύσταξαν, νυστάξαν(ε) | ||
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
1 sg | θα νυστάζω ➤ | θα νυστάξω ➤ | ||
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα νυστάζεις, … | θα νυστάξεις, … | ||
Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … νυστάξει | είμαι, είσαι, … νυσταγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ (also passive voice) | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … νυστάξει | ήμουν, ήσουν, … νυσταγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … νυστάξει | θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … νυσταγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
2 sg | νύσταζε | νύσταξε | ||
2 pl | νυστάζετε | νύσταξε, νυστάχτε1 | ||
Other forms | ||||
Active present participle ➤ | νυστάζοντας ➤ | |||
Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας νυστάξει ➤ | |||
Passive perfect participle ➤ | νυσταγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | |||
Nonfinite form ➤ | νυστάξει | |||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Antonyms
- ξενυστάζω (xenystázo, “stop being sleepy”)
Related terms
See also
- ξυπνάω (xypnáo, “to wake up”)
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