λύσσα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms
  • λύττᾰ (lútta) — Attic

Etymology

Somewhat disputedly, thought to be equivalent to λῠ́κος m (lúkos, “wolf”) +‎ -ια (-ia, abstract noun suffix) (but formed already in Proto-Hellenic, like ὄσσᾰ (óssa) and γλῶσσᾰ (glôssa), which is necessary to account for the sound shift), thus the original meaning would have been “the state of being wolfish”.
Beekes maintains this etymology but, like Pokorny, considers the Greek root for “wolf” to be from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine; light”) rather than *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) with deformation. Compare the same root in such phrases as λευκαὶ φρένες· μαινόμεναι (leukaì phrénes; mainómenai, “raging, frenzied”, literally “glowing minds raving”) and λευκῶν πραπίδων· κακῶν φρενῶν (leukôn prapídōn; kakôn phrenôn, identical meaning, literally “of evil minds of glowing hearts”).

The less commonly held comparison to λῡ́ω (lū́ō, “to untie, let loose”) is probably to be abandoned.

Pronunciation
 

Noun

λύσσᾰ • (lússa) f (genitive λύσσης); first declension

  1. rage, fury
  2. mania, raging madness
    1. fanaticism
  3. rabies (of dogs)

Inflection
First declension of ἡ λῠ́σσᾰ; τῆς λῠ́σσης (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ λῠ́σσᾰ
hē lússa		 τὼ λῠ́σσᾱ
tṑ lússā		 αἱ λῠ́σσαι
hai lússai
Genitive τῆς λῠ́σσης
tês lússēs		 τοῖν λῠ́σσαιν
toîn lússain		 τῶν λῠσσῶν
tôn lussôn
Dative τῇ λῠ́σσῃ
têi lússēi		 τοῖν λῠ́σσαιν
toîn lússain		 ταῖς λῠ́σσαις
taîs lússais
Accusative τὴν λῠ́σσᾰν
tḕn lússan		 τὼ λῠ́σσᾱ
tṑ lússā		 τᾱ̀ς λῠ́σσᾱς
tā̀s lússās
Vocative λῠ́σσᾰ
lússa		 λῠ́σσᾱ
lússā		 λῠ́σσαι
lússai
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • ἄλυσσον n (álusson, “madwort”)
  • ἄλυσσος (álussos, “curing madness”)
  • ἀλύσσω (alússō, “be uneasy, restless”)
  • ἐκλυσσάω (eklussáō, “be raging”)
  • κῠνόλυσσος m (kunólussos, “hydrophobia”) / κῠνόλυσσον n
  • λυσσαίνω (lyssaíno, “rave”)
  • λυσσαλέος (lyssaléos, “raging mad”)
  • λυσσάς f (lyssás, “raging mad”)
  • λυσσάω (lyssáo, “I am raging”)
  • λυσσηδόν (lyssidón, “furiously, madly”, adverb)
  • λυσσήεις (lyssíeis, “like madness, maniac”)
  • λύσσημα n (lýssima, “fit of madness”)
  • λυσσήρης (lyssíris, “raging mad”)
  • λυσσητήρ (lyssitír, “one that is raging”)
  • λυσσητής (lyssitís, “one that is raging”)
  • λυσσητικός (lyssitikós, “driving mad”)
  • λυσσόδηκτος (lyssódiktos, “bitten by a mad dog”)
  • λυσσοδίωκτος (lyssodíoktos, “pursued by madness”)
  • λυσσομανέω (lyssomanéo, “rage, rave”)
  • λυσσομανής (lyssomanís, “raving mad”)
  • λυσσομανίᾰ f (lussomanía, “paroxysm of madness”)
  • λυσσόω (lyssóo, “enrage, madden”)
  • λυσσώδης (lyssódis, “like one raging, frantic”)
  • λυσσῶπις f (lussôpis, “with frantic glance”)
  • προλυσσάω (prolyssáo, “advance raging”)
  • προσλυσσάω (proslyssáo, “rage against”)
  • συλλυσσάομαι (syllyssáomai, “go mad with”)
  • ὑπολυσσάω (hupolussáō, “have a kind of madness”)

Assuming the etymology given by Pokorny and Beekes:

Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-‎ (0 c, 6 e)
  • λεύσσω (leússō, “to see”)
  • λυκόφως (lukóphōs, “twilight”)

More at λῠ́κος (lúkos, “wolf”).

Descendants
  • → English: lyssa (learned)
  • → German: Lyssa (learned)
  • Greek: λύσσα (lýssa)

References

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek λύσσα (lússa), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈlisa/
  • Hyphenation: λύσ‧σα

Noun

λύσσα • (lýssa) f (uncountable)

  1. (medicine) rabies (animal and human disease caused by species of Lyssavirus)
    Φύγε μακριά απ’ αυτό το σκυλί· έχει λύσσα και αν σε δαγκώσει, τελείωσες.
    Fýge makriá ap’ aftó to skylí; échei lýssa kai an se dagkósei, teleíoses.
    Get away from that dog; it has rabies and if it bites you, you're finished.
  2. (figuratively) rage, fierceness, fury
    Synonyms: οργή (orgí), τρέλα (tréla), μανία (manía), ορμητικότητα (ormitikótita), αλλοφροσύνη (allofrosýni)
    Η θάλασσα χτυπούσε με λύσσα πάνω στα βράχια.
    I thálassa chtypoúse me lýssa páno sta vráchia.
    The sea bashed the rocks with fury.
  3. (figuratively, followed by με (me) or για (gia)) obsession with/for, mania with/for
    Synonym: μανία (manía)
    Έχω λύσσα για τον τζόγο.
    Écho lýssa gia ton tzógo.
    I am obsessed with gambling.
  4. overly salty food
    Αυτά τα μπιφτέκια είναι λύσσα.
    Aftá ta biftékia eínai lýssa.
    These burgers are way too salty.
  5. great hunger
    Ας βρούμε κάνα εστιατόριο, έχω λύσσα.
    As vroúme kána estiatório, écho lýssa.
    Let's find a restaurant, I'm famished.

Declension
  λύσσα
case     \     number singular
nominative λύσσα •
genitive λύσσας •
accusative λύσσα •
vocative λύσσα •

Derived terms
Expressions
  • έφαγα τα λυσσιακά μου (éfaga ta lyssiaká mou)
  • λύσσαξα να (lýssaxa na)
  • με έπιασε λύσσα κακιά (me épiase lýssa kakiá)
  • με λύσσαξαν στο ξύλο (me lýssaxan sto xýlo)
  • and see: λύκος m (lýkos, “wolf”)
  • and see: λύχνος m (lýchnos, “lamp”)
  • αντιλυσσικός (antilyssikós, “anti-rabic”, adjective)
  • λυσσαλέος (lyssaléos, “rabid, furious”, adjective)
  • λυσσάρης (lyssáris, “rabid”, adjective)
  • λυσσάρικος (lyssárikos, “rabid”, adjective)
  • λυσσασμένος (lyssasménos, “rabid”, participle)
  • λυσσάω (lyssáo, “to go rabid, to be furious”)
  • λυσσιακά n pl (lyssiaká)
  • λυσσιατρείο n (lyssiatreío, “rabies clinic”)
  • λυσσίατρος m or f (lyssíatros, “rabies doctor”)
  • λυσσμανάω (lyssmanáo)
  • λυσσώδης (lyssódis, “frantic”, adjective)
  • ψωμόλυσσα f (psomólyssa, “extreme hunger”)

Verb

λύσσα • (lýssa)

  1. 2nd person singular present imperfective imperative form of λυσσάω (lyssáo).
    Alternative form: λύσσαγε (lýssage)
  2. 2nd person singular simple past perfective imperative form of λυσσάω (lyssáo).
    Alternative form: λύσσαξε (lýssaxe)

Further reading
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