γλοιός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

If from *γλοιϝός (*gloiwós), the word agrees with Proto-Slavic *glěvъ (“slime”). If, however, it derives from *γλοιι̯ός (*gloii̯ós), the word may correspond to Proto-Germanic *klajjaz (“clay”). All these words derive from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, paste, stick together”). See also γλίνη (glínē, “any viscous substance”), γλία (glía, “glue”), γλίσχρος (glískhros, “sticky, penurious”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡloi̯.ós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡlyˈos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɣlyˈos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ɣlyˈos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ɣliˈos/

Noun

γλοιός • (gloiós) m (genitive γλοιοῦ); second declension

any glutinous substance, gum
mud, mire, sludge
oil and dirt scraped off with the strigil
oily sediment in baths
oil used as lube for machines

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ γλοιός; τοῦ γλοιοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ γλοιός ho gloiós	τὼ γλοιώ tṑ gloiṓ	οἱ γλοιοί hoi gloioí
Genitive	τοῦ γλοιοῦ toû gloioû	τοῖν γλοιοῖν toîn gloioîn	τῶν γλοιῶν tôn gloiôn
Dative	τῷ γλοιῷ tôi gloiôi	τοῖν γλοιοῖν toîn gloioîn	τοῖς γλοιοῖς toîs gloioîs
Accusative	τὸν γλοιόν tòn gloión	τὼ γλοιώ tṑ gloiṓ	τοὺς γλοιούς toùs gloioús
Vocative	γλοιέ gloié	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιοί gloioí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Adjective

γλοιός • (gloiós) m (feminine γλοιᾱ́, neuter γλοιόν); first/second declension

slippery, knavish

Inflection

First and second declension of γλοιός; γλοιᾱ́; γλοιόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	γλοιός gloiós	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιόν gloión	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιοί gloioí	γλοιαί gloiaí	γλοιᾰ́ gloiá
Genitive	γλοιοῦ gloioû	γλοιᾶς gloiâs	γλοιοῦ gloioû	γλοιοῖν gloioîn	γλοιαῖν gloiaîn	γλοιοῖν gloioîn	γλοιῶν gloiôn	γλοιῶν gloiôn	γλοιῶν gloiôn
Dative	γλοιῷ gloiôi	γλοιᾷ gloiâi	γλοιῷ gloiôi	γλοιοῖν gloioîn	γλοιαῖν gloiaîn	γλοιοῖν gloioîn	γλοιοῖς gloioîs	γλοιαῖς gloiaîs	γλοιοῖς gloioîs
Accusative	γλοιόν gloión	γλοιᾱ́ν gloiā́n	γλοιόν gloión	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιούς gloioús	γλοιᾱ́ς gloiā́s	γλοιᾰ́ gloiá
Vocative	γλοιέ gloié	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιόν gloión	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιοί gloioí	γλοιαί gloiaí	γλοιᾰ́ gloiá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	γλοιῶς gloiôs			γλοιότερος gloióteros			γλοιότᾰτος gloiótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

γλοιάζω (gloiázō)
γλοιάς (gloiás)
γλοιάφιον (gloiáphion)
γλοίης (gloíēs)
γλοιοποιέω (gloiopoiéō)
γλοιοπότις (gloiopótis)
γλοιόω (gloióō)
γλοιώδης (gloiṓdēs)

References

“γλοιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“γλοιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
γλοιός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
γλοιός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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