Women have contributed to military activities including as combatants. The following list describes women known to have participated in military actions in the 18th century. For women in warfare in the United States at this time, please see Timeline of women in war in the United States, Pre-1945.

Timeline of women in warfare from 18th century warfare worldwide (except the present US)

Maratha Queen Tarabai
Tarabai
Mai Bhago
Julianna Géczy
Margareta von Ascheberg
Anna Colbjørnsdatter
Dahomey Amazons
Phoebe Hessel
Hannah Snell
Mah Laqa Bai
Begum Samru
Manuela Beltrán
Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua
Statue of Bartolina Sisa alongside Túpac Katari
Thao Thep Kasattri and Thao Sri Sunthon
Dorothea Maria Lösch
Renée Bordereau
Céleste Bulkeley
Marie-Thérèse Figueur
Franziska Scanagatta

18th century

1710s

  • 1710s: During the Great Northern War, Maria Faxell, the wife of a vicar, defends her village against a Norwegian attack by handing out old weapons to both men and women during her husband's absence.[25]
  • 1711–1721: Ingela Gathenhielm operates the Swedish Privateering fleet jointly with her husband during the Great Northern War; when widowed in 1718, she continues herself.[26]
  • 1712–1714: Anna Jöransdotter from Finland serves in the Swedish army under the named Johan Haritu.[27]
  • 1712–1717: Three unnamed females are discovered to have served in the Dutch Marines dressed as males.[20]
  • 1713–1721: Margareta Elisabeth Roos serves in the Swedish army while disguised as a man.[28]
  • 1713–1726: Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar serves in the Swedish army under Charles XII of Sweden during the Great Northern War.[27]
  • 1713–1714: Annika Svahn, as well as several other enslaved Finnish women taken captive by the Russians, are forced to participate in the Russian conquest of Swedish Finland on the battle fields during the Greater Wrath dressed in Russian dragoon uniforms.[29]
  • 1715: Two unnamed women are rumored to have served among the soldiers in the Swedish army, one of them a wife of one of the soldiers, who by this point was to have served for a period of four years.[27]
  • 1715–1718: Anna Maria Christmann serves in the Austrian army under Prince Eugene of Savoy during the Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718).[30]
  • 1716: Norwegian Anna Colbjørnsdatter is granted the success in the victory over the Swedes at the Battle of Norderhov in Norway during the Great Northern War 29 March 1716 by capturing 600 Swedish soldiers.[31]
  • 1716: Norwegian Kari Hiran averts the Swedish attempt to conquer Norway by feeding them false information about the size of the Norwegian army.[32]
  • 1718: Hangbe in the Kingdom of Dahomey becomes the regent after her twin brother Akaba is killed. She may have led military campaigns.[33]
  • 1719: Brita Olsdotter, an old Swedish woman, meets the Russian army, who marches against Linköping after having burnt Norrköping, and makes them turn around and leave after telling them that reinforcements were arriving to assist Linköping.[34]

1720s

  • 1720–1739: Granny Nanny, a spiritual leader of the Maroons of Jamaica, leads rebel slaves to victory in First Maroon War.[35]
  • 1721: Comtesse de Polignac, previously the lover of Duc de Richelieu, fights a duel with her rival and successor, the Marchioness de Nesle.[36]
  • 1722: Six unnamed females are shipped back to the Netherlands after having been exposed to have served as males in either the Dutch Marines or army in an attempt to emigrate to the Dutch East Indies.[20]
  • 1723: Lumke Thoole serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a male under the name Jan Theunisz.[20]
  • 1725: Dutch woman Maria ter Meetelen serves in the Spanish army dressed as a man.[37]
  • 1726: Maria Elisabeth Meening served in the Dutch navy dressed as a male.[20]
  • 1727: Dahomey Amazons are founded.[38]

1730s

1740s

  • 1740: Ann Mills fights on the frigate Maidenstone as a dragoon.[41]
  • 1741–1743: Maria van de Gijessen served in the Dutch navy under then name Claes van de Gijessen.[42]
  • 1743: Johanna Sophia Kettner disguises herself as a man and enlists in the Austrian army.[43]
  • 1744: An unnamed female serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a male.[20]
  • 1745: Jacobina (last name unknown) served in the Dutch navy dressed as a male.[20]
  • 1745: An unnamed female served in the Dutch navy dressed as a male.[20]
  • 1745: Phoebe Hessel fights in the Battle of Fontenoy. She had disguised herself as a man to do so.[44]
  • 1745: Scottish Mary Ralphson fights in the British army in Battle of Fontenoy dressed as a man[45]
  • 1746: Johanna Bennius serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a male under the name Jan Drop.[20]
  • 1746: Elisabeth Huyser serve in the Dutch army dressed as a male.[20]
  • 1746–1769: Maria van Antwerpen serves as a soldier in the Netherlands under the name Jan van Art.[46]
  • 1748: Gertruid van Duiren enlists and briefly serve in the Dutch army before being discovered[47]
  • 1747–1750: Hannah Snell, serve disguised as a man in the Royal Marine: her military service is officially recognized in 1750, and she is granted a pension.[48]

1750s

  • 1750: Maria Sophia Stording serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a man.[20]
  • 1751: Two unnamed soldiers of the Dutch navy are discovered to be females dressed as males.[20]
  • 1754: An unnamed female serve in the Dutch army dressed as a man.[20]
  • 1755: An unnamed female serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a man.[20]
  • 1756: Soldier Jochem Wiesse of the Dutch army are discovered to be a female dressed as a male.[20]
  • 1757: Sailor "Arthur Douglas" is revealed to be a woman. Her birth-name is unknown.[49]
  • 1757: An unnamed female serve in the Dutch army dressed as a man.[20]
  • 1757–58: Two unnamed females serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a males.[20]
  • 1759–1771: Mary Lacy serves as a Marine carpenter under the name of "William Chandler".[50]

1760s

  • 1760s: Petronella van den Kerkhof possibly serve in the Dutch army as a grenadier: however, as she was not discovered during service, this is unconfirmed.[51]
  • 1760–1761: A woman serves in the British Marines as "William Prothero".[49]
  • 1762: Rafaela Herrera inspires the outnumbered Spanish defenders to victory during a 1762 British siege of the Fortress of the Immaculate Conception in El Castillo village within El Castillo municipality, Nicaragua.[52]
  • 1763: After the assassination of her husband Diego, Filipina Gabriela Silang decided to continue his rebellion in Ilocos against Spain but was unsuccessful.[53]
  • 1764: The Dutch soldier Tiesheld is discovered to be a female dressed as a male.[20]
  • 1765: An unnamed member of the Dutch navy is discovered to be a female dressed as a male.[20]
  • 1768: Birth of Mah Laqa Bai. Due to her archery skills, she accompanied the Nizam II (Mir Nizam Ali Khan) in three wars;[54]
  • 1769: Anna Sophia Spiesen serve in the Dutch army dressed as a male under the name Claas Paulusse.[20]

1770s

  • 1770–1771: Margareta Reymers serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a man: she is discovered by her pregnancy.[55]
  • 1772: Mademoiselle de Guignes and Mademoiselle d'Aguillon fight a duel in Paris.[56]
  • 1775: On Dec. 11, Jemima Warner was killed by an enemy bullet during the siege of Quebec. Mrs. Warner had originally accompanied her husband, PVT James Warner of Thompson's Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, to Canada because she feared that he would become sick on the campaign trail and she wanted to nurse him. When PVT Warner eventually died in the wilderness en route to Quebec, Mrs. Warner buried him and stayed with the battalion as a cook.[57]
  • 1778: Baltazara Chuiza leads a rebellion against the Spanish in Ecuador.[58]
  • 1778: Sikh princess Bibi Rajindar Kaur leads 3,000 soldiers to rescue her cousin who was defeated by Hari Singh.[59]
  • 1778–1803: The ruling Princess of Sardhana, Begum Samru (Johanna Noblis), leads her armies in war.[60]

1780s

  • 1780: Rani Velu Nachiar of Sivagangai Poligar leads a female army against the East India Company forces.[61]
  • 1780: Manuela Beltrán organizes a peasant revolt in Colombia.[62]
  • 1780: Ñusta Huillac of the Kolla tribe rebels against the Spanish in Chile.[63]
  • 1780s: Swedish runaway Carin du Rietz becomes a soldier at the royal guard.[64]
  • 1780–1781: Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua recruits and leads men and women in battle during a rebellion against the Spanish rule in Peru. She is eventually captured and executed by the Spanish.[65]
  • 1780–1781: Maria van Spanje serve in the Dutch navy for eight months dressed as a male: she is discovered while trying to repeat this when enlisting anew in 1782.[66]
  • 1781: Lena Catharina Wasmoet serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a man under the name Claas Waal.[20]
  • 1781: Gregoria Apaza, an Aymara woman, leads an uprising against the Spanish in Bolivia.[67]
  • 1781: Margaret Thompson serves in the Royal Marines under the name George Thompson.[68]
  • 1782: Anna Maria Everts serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a man.[20]
  • 1782: Bartolina Sisa, an Aymara woman who led an indigenous uprising against the Spanish in Bolivia, is captured and executed.[69]
  • 1783: Johanna Dorothea Heeght serve in the Dutch navy dressed as a man under the name Johannes Hegt.[20]
  • 1785: According to Thai legend, Thao Thep Kasattri and Thao Sri Sunthon, two sisters, help repel a Burmese invasion of Thailand by dressing as male soldiers and rallying the troops.[70][71][72][73][74]
  • 1787–1807: A woman serves twenty years in the Royal Marines under the name "Tom Bowling"[49]
  • 1787: The wife of the German colonel Schutz is reported to have accompanied her spouse dressed as a male in warfare and having been wounded two times in Russian service.[75]
  • 1788–1790: After the war between Russia and Sweden, several of the soldiers decorated in the Swedish army are discovered to be women in disguise. One of them is Brita Hagberg, who enlisted in search of her husband; she is given a military pension.[76]
  • 1788–1790: During the Russo-Swedish war, Anna Maria Engsten, after a battle at sea, singlehandedly steers one of the boats back to Sweden after having been left alone onboard after its evacuation; she is decorated for bravery at sea.[77]
  • 1788–1790: During the Battle of Svensksund, Dorothea Maria Lösch takes command of a Swedish ship and is rewarded with the rank of captain of the Swedish fleet.[78]

1790s

See also

References

  1. ↑ Stålberg, Wilhelmina; Berg, P. G. (May 15, 1864). "208 (Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor)". runeberg.org.
  2. ↑ Ananda, Cohen Suarez (2016). Heaven, hell, and everything in between : murals of the colonial Andes. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-1477309544. OCLC 916685000.
  3. ↑ Garrett, David T. (2005). Shadows of empire : the Indian nobility of Cusco, 1750–1825. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 105, 183, 219. ISBN 052184634X. OCLC 57405349.
  4. ↑ Susan, Kellogg (2005). Weaving the past : a history of Latin America's indigenous women from the prehispanic period to the present. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0198040422. OCLC 62268136.
  5. ↑ Silverblatt, Irene (1987). Moon, sun, and witches : gender ideologies and class in Inca and colonial Peru. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 123. ISBN 0691077266. OCLC 14165734.
  6. ↑ Marquez, Humberto. "Latin America: Women in history: more than just heroines." Interpress Service 9 Sept. 2009. Business Insights: Global. Web. 21 Oct. 2018.
  7. ↑ Andrusz, C. (2013). Micaela bastidas A silenced leader (Order No. 1539792). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1415446200).
  8. ↑ Lipsett-Rivera, Sonya (2004). "Latin America and the Caribbean". In Meade, Teresa A.; Weisner, Merry E. (eds.). A companion to gender history. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. pp. 481. ISBN 1405128895. OCLC 55771250.
  9. ↑ Brewster, C. (2005). Women and the spanish-american wars of independence: An overview. Feminist Review, (79), 2035.
  10. ↑ Walker, Charles F. (2014). The Tupac Amaru Rebellion. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674416383.
  11. ↑ Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John (1887). Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton. p. 603. OCLC 906067060. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  12. ↑ Larsson, Lisbeth, Hundrade och en Göteborgskvinnor, Göteborg, 2018
  13. ↑ Mary Read and Anne Bonny By Rebecca Stefoff p. 20
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  15. ↑ Norrhem, Svante, Christina och Carl Piper: en biografi [Christina and Carl Piper: a biography], Historiska media, Lund, 2010 (Swedish)
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  19. ↑ Enciclopedia Italiana (1929)
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Rudolf Dekker en Lotte van de Pol, Vrouwen in mannenkleren. De geschiedenis van een tegendraadse traditie. Europa 1500–1800 (Amsterdam 1989)
  21. ↑ Smith, Bonnie (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History, Volume 1. Oxford University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0195148909.
  22. ↑ Angela Steidele, In Männerkleidern. Das verwegene Leben der Catharina Margaretha Linck, hingerichtet 1721, Cologne: Böhlau, 2004. ISBN 3412167037.
  23. ↑ "Brugge, Geertruid ter (?–na 1706)".
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  26. ↑ Harrison, Dick (2007). "Kvinnorna som blev pirater: två kvinnliga sjörövare står fram i vår historia : kaparredaren Ingela Gatenhielm och piratdrottningen Johanna Hård : båda visade att brott kan löna sig!". Svenska turistföreningens årsbok "2007,": sid. 24–35. 0283–2976.
  27. 1 2 3 Borgström Eva, ed (2002). Makalösa kvinnor: könsöverskridare i myt och verklighet (Marvelous Women: genderbenders in myth and reality) Stockholm: Alfabeta/Anamma. Libris 8707902. ISBN 9150101919 (inb.) (Swedish)
  28. ↑ Borgström Eva, ed (2002). Makalösa kvinnor: könsöverskridare i myt och verklighet (Marvelous Women: genderbenders in myth and reality) Stockholm: Alfabeta/Anamma. Libris 8707902. ISBN 9150101919 (inb.)
  29. ↑ Suomen kansallisbiografia (National Biography of Finland)
  30. ↑ Helmut Engisch: Eine Jungfrau im Türkenkrieg: Wie die Anna Maria Christmann als württembergischer Grenadier das Abendland retten half und dann in Stuttgart Briefträgerin wurde. In: Helmut Engisch: Ein Mönch fliegt übers Schwabenland. Theiss, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3806212708
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  33. ↑ Bay, Edna (1998). Wives of the Leopard: Gender, Politics, and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey. University of Virginia Press.
  34. ↑ Stålberg, Wilhelmina; Berg, P. G. (May 15, 1864). "291 (Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor)". runeberg.org.
  35. ↑ "Government of Jamaica, national heroes listing".
  36. ↑ Lewis G. M. Thorpe: Nottingham French Studies, V. 41. W. Heffer., 2002.
  37. ↑ Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland (DVN)
  38. ↑ Law, Robin (1993). "The 'Amazons' of Dahomey". Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde. Frobenius Institute. 39: 245–260. JSTOR 40341664.
  39. ↑ "The story of Breffu, a female slave from Ghana who led a massive slave revolt to take over the West Indies in 1733". Ghanaian Museum. 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  40. ↑ Günther Noé, "Amazonen" in der österreichischen Geschichte. – In: Österreich in Geschichte und Literatur, Band 30 (1986), S. 350–361
  41. ↑ Felsenstien, Frank: Unraveling Ann Mills. Some thoughts on Gender Construction and Naval Heroism (2006)
  42. ↑ "Gijssen, Maria van de (1720?–na 1743)".
  43. ↑ Reisinger, Klaus (2001). "Frauen und Militär in der Neuzeit. Francesca Scanagatta: Die militärische Karriere einer Frau im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert". In Österreichische Gesellschaft zur Erforchung des 18. Jahrhunderts (ed.). Das achtzehnte Jahrhundert und Österreich (in German). Vol. 16. Facultas, WUV. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-3851146592.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link)
  44. ↑ The Circulator of useful knowledge, amusement, literature, science and general information. London, 1825 p. 147
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  47. ↑ "Duiren, Geertruit van (?-na 1748)".
  48. ↑ Matthew Stephens – Hannah Snell: The Secret Life of a Female Marine, 1723–1792
  49. 1 2 3 Suzanne J. Stark: Female tars: women aboard ship in the age of sail. Naval Institute Press, 1996
  50. ↑ Snell, Hannah; Lacy, Mary; Talbot, Mary Anne (September 2008). The Lady Tars: The Autobiographies of Hannah Snell, Mary Lacy and Mary Anne Talbot. Fireship Press. ISBN 978-1934757352. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
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  52. ↑ Carlos Viscasillas (2009). "La Fortaleza de la Inmaculada Concepción de María" (in Spanish). Managua, Nicaragua: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Retrieved 2011-04-24.
  53. ↑ Commire, Anne, and Deborah Klezmer. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications, 2002. Print.
  54. ↑ Rajendra, Rajani (19 April 2013). "Glimpse into Mah Laqa's life". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  55. ↑ "Reymers, Margareta (ca. 1747–na 1771)".
  56. ↑ Florence Marryat: Her Father's Name
  57. ↑ "Women In Military Service For America Memorial".
  58. ↑ Uglow, Jennifer; Maggy Hendry (1999). Frances Hinton (ed.). The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography. UPNE. p. 75. ISBN 978-1555534219.
  59. ↑ Encyclopaedia of women biography: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Volume 3 Nagendra Kr Singh A.P.H. Pub. Corp., 2001 – Social Science
  60. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sardhana" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 210..
  61. ↑ The Hindu – 10-Aug-2010
  62. ↑ Phelan, John Leddy: "El pueblo y el rey. La revolución comunera en Colombia, 1781". Bogotá: Carlos Valencia.
  63. ↑ Ethnic Groups of the Americas: An Encyclopedia By James Minahan 2013 p. 213
  64. ↑ Jakob Christensson: Signums svenska kulturhistoria. Gustavianska tiden. (2007)
  65. ↑ Uglow, Jennifer; Maggy Hendry (1999). Frances Hinton, ed. The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography. UPNE. p. 75. ISBN 978-1555534219.
  66. ↑ "Spanje, Maria van (1759?–na 1782)".
  67. ↑ del Valle de Siles, María Eugenia (1981). Bartolina Sisa y Gregoria Apaza: dos heroínas indígenas. Biblioteca Popular Boliviana de "Última Hora". p. 73.
  68. ↑ How to Survive in the Georgian Navy: A Sailor's Guide By Bruno Pappalardo
  69. ↑ Hylton, Forrest (2007). Revolutionary horizons: Popular struggle in Bolivia. London: Verso. ISBN 978-1844670703.
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  73. ↑ "Evri.com domain is for sale | Buy with Epik.com". April 14, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14.
  74. ↑ Thalang's defiant last stand Tipwarintron Tanaakarachod
  75. ↑ Potemkin: Catherine the Great's Imperial Partner, 2005 (Swedish edition), p 445
  76. ↑ Christer Johansson: Soldathustrur, markenteskor och kvinnliga krigare
  77. ↑ Stålberg, Wilhelmina; Berg, P. G. (May 15, 1864). "130 (Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor)". runeberg.org.
  78. ↑ Stålberg, Wilhelmina; Berg, P. G. (May 15, 1864). "250 (Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor)". runeberg.org.
  79. ↑ Македонска енциклопедија, том 2, МАНУ, Скопие, 2009, стр. 1364.
  80. ↑ Marc de Villiers, Les 5 et 6 octobre 1789. Reine Audu les légendes des journées d'octobre, 1917.
  81. ↑ Dever, John P.; Dever, Maria C. (1995). "Moscho Tzavella". Women and the Military: Over 100 Notable Contributors, Historic to Contemporary. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. p. 142. ISBN 978-0899509761.
  82. ↑ Mullié, Charles (1852). "Fernig (Félicité et Théophile de)" . Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850  (in French). Paris: Poignavant et Compagnie.
  83. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 53. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 709. ISBN 0198614039.Article by Julie Wheelwright.
  84. ↑ Robert Baldick: The Duel: A History of Duelling
  85. ↑ Les militaires qui ont changés la France, sous la direction de Fabrice Fanet et Jean-Christophe Romer ; avec la collaboration de Thierry Widemann. Paris, le Cherche-Midi, DL 2008 (p. 472) (notice BnF no FRBNF41279187r)
  86. ↑ Jean-Loup Avril 1000 Bretons: dictionnaire biographique, 2002 p. 133 "Marie-Angélique Duchemin quitte l'armée, puis est admise à l'Hôtel des Invalides où elle passera 61 ans. ... Ce ne sera que par décret du 15 août 1851 à l'occasion de la fête impériale que Marie-Angélique Duchemin, veuve Brulon, figurera ..."
  87. ↑ Jomini, Antoine-Henri. (1842). Histoire critique et militaire des guerres de la Révolution
  88. ↑ Jean-Baptiste Mirambeau, Victoria, dans Le Document, no. 2, Février 1940, p. 107.
  89. ↑ Marilyn Yalom, Blood Sisters: The French Revolution in Women's Memory, Basic Books, 1993, p. 201.
  90. ↑ L'histoire tragique de Céleste Bulkeley est racontée dans « Un Vendéen sous la Terreur », d'après le manuscrit de son frère Toussaint Ambroise Talour de la Cartrie ; ce manuscrit, aujourd'hui perdu, a d'abord été édité en anglais puis re-traduit en français par Pierre Amédée Pichot (édition de 1910 et fac-similé de 1988).
  91. ↑ Gabriel Dumay, Thérèse Figueur, dite Madame Sans-Gêne, dragon aux 15e et 93 régiments (1793–1815) (1904), with subsequent additions in "Extrait des procès-verbaux du séances", Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon, 4th Series, vol. 11 (1910), pp. xxxii–xxxiv, lviii–lx; Léon Hennet, "Femmes Soldats dans les armees de la révolution", La Nouvelle Revue Français 40 (1919), pp. 341–353 at pp. 347–48; Philippe Lefrancois, "La vraie Madame Sans-Gêne, dragon et blanchisseuse", Miroir de l'histoire 98 (1958), pp. 233–236.
  92. ↑ "Bibi Sahib Kaur". 27 January 2014.
  93. 1 2 Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Clara Lau, A.D. Stefanowska: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 1: The Qing Period, 1644–1911
  94. ↑ "Invasion heroine's records find". BBC News. 4 April 2006. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  95. ↑ Nikolaus Reisinger: Frauen und Militär in der Neuzeit: Francesca Scanagatta – Die militärische Karriere einer Frau im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert. In: Das achtzehnte Jahrhundert und Österreich. (= Jahrbuch der Österr. Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des 18. Jahrhunderts. 16/2001). Wien 2001, S. 59–73.
  96. ↑ Converse, Cathy; Hill, Beth (May 15, 2008). The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley: 1769-1845. TouchWood Editions. ISBN 9781894898782 – via Google Books.
  97. ↑ Cook, Bernard A. (2006). Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present. Bernard A. Cook. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1851097708. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  98. ↑ Bartlett/Dawson/Keough: Thomas Bartlett, Kevin Dawson, Daire Keogh, The 1798 Rebellion: An Illustrated History, Roberts Rinehart, 1998, p. 172
  99. ↑ Franz Joseph Gut: Der Überfall in Nidwalden im Jahr 1798 in seinen Ursachen und Folgen. Stans 1862; Neuauflage Kägiswil 1989.

Further reading

  • Cook, Bernard, ed. Women and War: Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present (2006).
  • Elshtain, Jean Bethke. Women and War (1995)
  • Elshtain Jean, and Sheila Tobias, eds. Women, Militarism, and War (1990)
  • Mayer, Holly A. Belonging to the Army: Camp Followers and Community during the American Revolution (University of South Carolina Press, 1996)
  • Jones, David. Women Warriors: A History (Brassey's, 1997)
  • Martino, Gina M. Women at War in the Borderlands of the Early American Northeast (University of North Carolina Press, 2018).
  • Pennington, Reina. Amazons to Fighter Pilots: A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women (2003).
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