William Appling
William Appling in 1996
Born(1932-11-03)November 3, 1932
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
DiedAugust 29, 2008(2008-08-29) (aged 75)
The Bronx, New York City, U.S.
Occupation(s)Musician, conductor, pianist, educator, arranger
Years active1950-2008
WebsiteWilliamAppling.org

William Thomas Appling (November 3, 1932 - August 29, 2008) was a renowned American conductor, pianist, educator and arranger.[1] As a conductor he led the William Appling Singers & Orchestra for almost twenty-five years[2] and conducted other choirs and musical organizations, premiering new works by many American composers. As a pianist he played under the batons of conductors including Robert Shaw, Louis Lane, and Darius Milhaud, and he was the first African American to record the complete piano music of Scott Joplin. As an educator he taught at American schools and universities including Vassar College, Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Institute of Music and Western Reserve Academy.[3] He made a number of recordings as both conductor and pianist, and his choral arrangements have been performed and recorded by such prominent ensembles as Chanticleer, Cantus and Dale Warland Singers.

Biography

Early life

Appling was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, the youngest in a family of four boys and three girls. Neither his father, Bradford Appling, nor his mother, Gertrude Wynn Appling, were musicians, though they encouraged him to pursue his talent. He attended Cleveland's John Adams High School and his formal education was completed upon graduating with both a BA and MA from Case Western Reserve University. His preparation included piano study with Elizabeth Lambright, Frances Bolton Kortheuer, Egbert Fischer, and Leonard Shure,[4] and organ study with Edwin Arthur Kraft.[5]

Career and influence

As conductor

William Appling conducting in 1967

During his years in the Cleveland area, Appling was Director of the Choral Club of Glenville High School from 1955 to 1965.[6][7][8] Under his leadership the choir became well known throughout Ohio and beyond, accepting invitations to sing at the Hollywood Bowl, the 1964 New York World's Fair and at educators' meetings in Ohio and Indianapolis. In 1965, the Cleveland Board of Education presented the Choral Club in a sold-out concert at Severance Hall.[9][10]

Appling also served as the Choral Director of the Case Men's Glee Club from 1964 to 1979,[11][12][13][14] West Shore Chorale from 1970 to 1981,[15][16] the University Circle Singers at the Cleveland Institute of Music,[17] and was a guest conductor and prepared choruses for the Cleveland Philharmonic Orchestra from 1966 to 1968.[18][19] He also served as guest director of choral conferences throughout Ohio and the United States.[20][21][22][23][24][25]

In 1965, Appling received the first Kulas Foundation Fellowship Award for Choral Conducting with the Cleveland Orchestra, in which capacity he served as assistant to Robert Shaw, then conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra Chorus.[26][27]

In 1979, Appling founded the William Appling Singers & Orchestra (WASO), a professional ensemble performing primarily choral works of all periods and styles. The group's premiere performance was at the Cleveland Institute of Music on March 9, 1980, presenting an all-Mozart program.[28] WASO premiered the works of many contemporary American composers, including those by Richard Hundley,[29] Donald Erb,[30] and Richard Edward Wilson.[31] In Ohio, WASO appeared in concert at Severance Hall,[32] Blossom Music Center,[33] the Cleveland Museum of Natural History,[34] the Cleveland Museum of Art,[35] and numerous church concerts. The group was noted for its performances of J.S. Bach's Mass in B minor[36] and during the holiday seasons their presentation of Handel's Messiah became a welcome tradition in the Cleveland area.[37][38] Appling and WASO also collaborated on projects with the prominent musician, sociologist and musicologist Zelma Watson George in community outreach programs such as A Joyful Noise, which was presented at Cleveland's legendary Karamu House and Mount Zion Congregational Church.[39][40]

Appling was music director and conductor of the premiere of Leslie Adams's opera, Blake, in a 70-minute concert version at the Cleveland Play House in June, 1985.[41][42][43]

On February 22, 1990, Appling was guest artist for A Night to Remember, sponsored by the University of Akron in conjunction with the university's Black Cultural Center to recognize the contributions of Blacks to the arts. The program included excerpts from Porgy and Bess and a tribute to the late choreographer Alvin Ailey.[44]

After moving to New York in 1990 to become Director of Choral Activities at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, Appling re-established WASO on the east coast where the ensemble performed throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. From 1991 to 1995, Appling and WASO were associated with the Bard Music Festival, founded by Leon Botstein. In 1991, he prepared the chorus for the Festival's performance of Felix Mendelssohn's choral symphony Lobgesang.[45] The Bard Festival focused on composer Richard Strauss in 1992,[46] and about the festival critic Edward Said wrote in The Nation magazine, "For me, there was one particularly jolting work that stood out over all the others. Performed with rapt concentration by the William Appling Singers under Appling, a remarkable choral conductor, it was heard for the first time in the United States: Strauss's Deutsche Motette, Op. 62, composed in 1913, revised in 1943."[47] In 1993, he prepared the chorus in performances that were part of the Antonín Dvořák festival in New York City.[48] 1994's Bard Festival was devoted to Robert Schumann,[49][50][51] and in 1995, Appling and WASO were part of the Bard Music Festival's Rediscoveries - Béla Bartók and His World.[52]

On October 7, 1996, WASO was the only professional musical organization in the United States to present a concert celebrating the 250th anniversary of the birth of William Billings, America's first great native-born composer at Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church in New York City.[53][54]

As pianist

William Appling enjoyed an active career as a concert pianist, giving many recitals in the Cleveland area during the 1950s and '60s.[55][56][57][58] On April 1, 1962, with Robert Shaw conducting the Cleveland Orchestra at Severance Hall, Appling was piano soloist in George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue.[59][60] On August 11, 1962, he performed Rhapsody in Blue in a Pops Concert in Public Auditorium with Louis Lane conducting the Cleveland Orchestra.[61][62] Appling also appeared as part of the Brooklyn Museum Concerts Program series in January, 1963,[63] and in solo recital at The Town Hall, New York City, in April, 1964.[64] He also played Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 under the baton of Hyman Schandler and the Cleveland Women's Orchestra in 1965.[65]

Appling also appeared at the Aspen Music Festival under Darius Milhaud and in duo recital with tenor Seth McCoy[66][67] and his then wife, soprano Anita Appling. Early in his career, in 1952, he appeared as accompanist with the legendary composer and musician W. C. Handy in a program sponsored by the National Association of Negro Musicians.[68][69]

During the 2000s, while working on his Scott Joplin project, Appling performed several times at venues in New York City and Massachusetts.[70] He performed a program of Scott Joplin on March 16, 2004, at the Church of the Holy Apostles in Manhattan when the church's soup kitchen served its 5 millionth meal.[71]

As arranger

Appling arranged a number of Negro spirituals for chorus. Two of these arrangements are published by J.W. Pepper & Son: We Shall Walk Through the Valley in Peace, and Yonda' Come Day.[72] His arrangement of We Shall Walk Through the Valley in Peace has been widely performed and is included on recordings by such prominent ensembles as Chanticleer on its 1994 Teldec recording, Where the Sun Will Never Go Down,[73] and by The Dale Warland Singers' Harvest Home from 2005 on the Gothic label.[74] The arrangement also appears on WASO's own 2000 recording, Shall We Gather, on Albany Records.[75] A recording of We Shall Walk Through the Valley in Peace, with an arrangement by Appling and Joseph Jennings from a live concert featuring Chanticleer and Cantus, has been widely viewed.[76]

As educator

Appling served on the faculties of Case Western Reserve University from 1964 to 1979 and the Cleveland Institute of Music from 1961 to 1970.[77] He joined the music department at Western Reserve Academy in Hudson, Ohio, in 1965, and was appointed head of the department in 1971, serving in that capacity until 1989.[78]

While at Western Reserve Academy, Appling "helped sculpt the music program into one of the region's preeminent programs." [WRA note] In addition to musical instruction, he gave the high school students numerous opportunities to perform both at the school's Hudson, Ohio, campus and at outside venues.[79] In 1972, nine members of the WRA Glee Club joined the Case Men's Glee Club on a ten-day concert tour of Europe.[80] The WRA chorus and glee club sang at Christmas at Stan Hywet, an annual series of classical programs, and the school's music department organized annual Music Festivals and Messiah Sings.[81][82][83][84]

In 1972, Appling founded and directed Summer Music Experience, an international six-week program offering intensive music training and performance experience to gifted students of high school age.[85][86][87] The music camp/festival involved members of the Cleveland Orchestra and included visiting artists and master classes with Robert Shaw,[88] Grant Johannesen,[89] Louis Lane,[90] André Watts, Phyllis Curtin,[91] Matthias Bamert[92] and many others.

In June, 1989, Appling was dismissed by Western Reserve Academy and his firing was met with protests and objections by a large number of the school's students, parents and alumni and members of the public. A defense fund raised several thousand dollars to help defray legal fees, and he and the school negotiated a financial settlement in 1990. The Cleveland Plain Dealer wrote an extended article which included speculations about reasons for the dismissal, but these were never publicly disclosed by Appling or the school.[93][94]

In 1990, Appling was appointed Director of Choral Activities at Vassar College, a position he held until 1996, where he directed the Vassar College Choir and Vassar College Madrigal Singers in many performances.[95][96] Under Appling's leadership, the Madrigal Singers also performed away from the school's campus in concerts in New York City, at the 1991 Four Freedoms Medal awards ceremony in Hyde Park, New York, and other locations.[97][98] In 1996, Appling organized a panel discussion entitled Mutiny on the Amistad: The Art of Retelling. Panelists included the prominent African American composers Hale Smith and Anthony Davis and concerts including works by both composers were presented.[99]

Recordings

As conductor

Under Appling's direction, the Glenville High School Choral Club released a self-titled LP in 1962 on the Delta Records of Ohio label. The album included a wide variety of classical choral works as well as three traditional spirituals arranged by Appling.[100]

In 1969, the Case Men's Glee Club under Appling's direction released an LP, Cantate Domino, through Recording Studios Inc. The album included a wide variety works including compositions by Hans Leo Hassler, Vincent Persichetti, and Appling's own arrangements of four Negro spirituals.[101]

In 1970, Appling conducted The University Circle Singers in Donald Erb's Kyrie for chorus, percussion and electronic tape, on a recording of contemporary American music, Metamorphosis, released on the Ars Nova Ars Antiqua label.[102]

William Appling Singers & Orchestra released a number of recordings including Wake Ev'ry Breath,[103] a CD on New World Records of music by William Billings;[104][54][105][106] Stresses in the Peaceable Kingdom, choral music of Richard Wilson;[107] Shall We Gather,[108][109] a recording of American hymns and spirituals; and The Revenge of Hamish,[110][111] choral music of William McClelland, all on Albany Records.

As pianist

Appling collaborated with soprano A. Grace Lee Mims on Spirituals, an album of Negro spirituals released in 1981 on H&GM Records.[112][113] A number of the selections on the recording were arranged by Appling.[114]

William Appling Plays Scott Joplin & J.S. Bach, Appling's recording of works by J. S. Bach (the Italian Concerto and the First Partita) and Scott Joplin (seven compositions) was released by Albany Records in 2010.[115]

Over a two-year period from 2006 to 2007, Appling recorded all of Scott Joplin's compositions for solo piano, a total of 46 works. Scott Joplin, The Complete Rags, Waltzes & Marches,[116] a 4-CD set, was released on April 1, 2017, the centenary of Scott Joplin's death. The recordings, produced by WASO, were the first ever "complete Joplin" recorded by an African American pianist and received widespread notice.[117][118][119][120][121][122] In 2019, Appling's recording of Joplin's composition "Solace (A Mexican Serenade)" was featured by The New York Times in "5 Minutes That Will Make You Love he Piano." Times classical music reporter Michael Cooper wrote that, "With its aching harmonies and seamless blend of Latin rhythms, ragtime, Romantic flourish and ineffable nostalgia, this is one of those rare pieces whose emotional impact can withstand familiarity; it gets me every time."[123] Appling's recording of Joplin's famous The Entertainer is featured at the National Museum of African American Music in Nashville, Tennessee in its exhibition, "Rivers of Rhythm Pathways - The Evolution of African American Music Traditions."[124] Appling's recording of Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag is featured in a special video by the Morgan Library & Museum regarding the original publishing contract for the composition, signed by Joplin himself in 1899 and now in the Morgan's archives.[125]

Awards and honors

Over his career, Appling received a number of awards including First Prize in Piano from the National Association of Negro Musicians (NANM) in 1954.[126] He also won a scholarship in 1947 (at age fourteen) from the NANM for one year's study with Edwin Arthur Kraft.[127]

In 1965, Appling was awarded the first Kulas Foundation Fellowship Award for Choral Conducting with the Cleveland Orchestra during the tenures of George Szell and Robert Shaw.[26][128]

In November, 1998, Appling was inducted into the Glenville Hall of Fame in Glenville, Cleveland as an "Arts-Legacy" in a ceremony taking place at the Western Reserve Historical Society.[129]

Shortly after William Appling's death in 2008, the Board of William Appling Singers & Orchestra along with Appling's former students, friends and colleagues began planning an event in his honor which would feature musical performances and spoken tributes and remembrances. Celebrating William Appling was held at the Riverside Church in New York City on June 21, 2009.[130] A second event, A Tribute to William Appling: The Celebration Continues! was held on June 29, 2013, at the Church of the Holy Apostles in New York City.

In the spring of 2012, Western Reserve Academy presented the first William T. Appling Memorial Concert honoring Appling's enormous contribution to the school and to music, and since then the concert has been an annual event at the academy.[131][132][133][134]

References

  1. ↑ Baranack, Alana (September 5, 2008). "William Appling, famed choral director, former Western Reserve Academy music director". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, Ohio. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  2. ↑ "William Appling Singers & Orchestra". williamappling.org. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  3. ↑ (20 July 1983). 'William Appling is soul of music for former pupils', by Maria Riccardi, Page 60. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  4. ↑ "William Appling". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, Ohio. 5 September 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  5. ↑ "Musicians Award Scholarship, Oct. 6". Call & Post. Cleveland, Ohio. October 4, 1947. p. 11.
  6. ↑ "Masons Present Glenville Choir". The Call & Post. Cleveland, Ohio. 22 April 1961. p. 8.
  7. ↑ "Glenville High Chorus in Lane CME Concert". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. May 18, 1957. p. 18.
  8. ↑ "To Feature Glenville Choir". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. April 29, 1961. p. 29.
  9. ↑ (21 February 1964). 'Precisioned and Unique,' by Cheryl Mines, Page 27. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  10. ↑ (20 February 1965). 'Glenville Concert Is Sell-Out'. Page 9. The Plain Dealer, (Cleveland, Ohio).
  11. ↑ (29 November 1964). 'Appling Gets Post at Case'. Page 32-E. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  12. ↑ "Men's Glee Club Gives Spring Concert at Case Here". Willoughby News Herald. Willoughby, Ohio. 15 May 1965. p. 40.
  13. ↑ "Case Western Glee Club to Sing Here". Winchester Evening Star. Winchester, Virginia. 10 April 1975. p. 28.
  14. ↑ "Case Men's Glee Club". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 10 March 1972. p. B1.
  15. ↑ "West Shore Chorale In Concert". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. March 22, 1975. p. 4.
  16. ↑ "West Shore Chorale at Chautauqua". Dunkirk Evening Observer. Dunkirk, New york. 24 June 1976. p. 9.
  17. ↑ (4 December 1966). 'William Appling Conducts the University Circle Singers'. Page 22-E. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  18. ↑ "Philharmonic Chorus, William Appling, conducting". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. 21 May 1966. p. 6.
  19. ↑ "Bulletin Board". Music Educators Journal. 54 (3): 19–20, 23–25, 27. Nov 1967. doi:10.2307/3391182. JSTOR 3391182. S2CID 221042623.
  20. ↑ "Bellevue To Host Music Festival". The News Messenger. Fremont, Ohio. 16 February 1972. p. 11. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  21. ↑ Ernest L. Hisey (March–April 1969). "Avon Lake, Ohio Holds Annual Larger Choral Works Conference". The Choral Journal. 9 (5): 19. JSTOR 23543088.
  22. ↑ "Coshocton, NCT Choral Group Will Attend Clinic, Workshops". Coshocton Tribune. Coshocton, Ohio. 13 November 1970. p. 6. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  23. ↑ "Senior High Choral Concert Friday". The Lima News. Lima, Ohio. 28 January 1973. p. 5. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  24. ↑ "County Song Festival Scheduled Saturday". Zanesville Times Recorder. Zanesville, Ohio. 2 May 1966. p. 22. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  25. ↑ "Guest Conductor to Lead Choir at Malabar". Mansfield News Journal. Mansfield, Ohio. 22 February 1970. p. 22. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  26. 1 2 (21 November 1965). 'Appling Is Kulas Fellow for Chorus' p. 48. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  27. ↑ Oscar Smith (16 November 1965). "Kulas Fellow in Choral Conducting". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 86. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  28. ↑ (2 March 1980). Listing for William Appling Singers and Orchestra concert. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  29. ↑ (3 June 1983). 'Richard Hundley, non-conformist' by Robert Finn, Page 153. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  30. ↑ (4 April 1968). 'Donald Erb Music Program Impressive,' by Robert Finn, Page 24. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  31. ↑ (25 July 1980). 'Composer Wilson Has a Splendid Evening' by Robert Finn, Page 72. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio)
  32. ↑ (29 December 1980). 'Appling Singers score on 'Messiah' ' by Robert Finn, Page 63. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio)
  33. ↑ "Musical Forums Held at Blossom". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 9 July 1982. p. 19. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  34. ↑ "WASO at Cleveland Museum of Natural History". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. Feb 18, 1983. p. 80.
  35. ↑ "WASO at Cleveland Museum of Art". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 26 November 1981. p. 94. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  36. ↑ (11 May 1982). 'Appling Group Makes Bach Mass Pleasurable' by Robert Finn, Page 22. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  37. ↑ "William Appling Directs Messiah at Severance Hall". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 4 January 1981. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
  38. ↑ (29 December 1980). 'Appling Singers score on 'Messiah' ' by Robert Finn, Page 63. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  39. ↑ (8 April 1983). "Appling Singers Plan Program, 'A Joyful Noise'" p 26. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  40. ↑ "WASO at Karamu House with Zelma George". Elyria Chronicle Telegram. Elyria, Ohio. 21 January 1983. p. 67.
  41. ↑ "Commentary". The Black Perspective in Music. 13 (1): 127–130. Spring 1985. JSTOR 1214801.
  42. ↑ (1 January 1983). "Slave Rebellion Before Civil War Stirs Work on Opera," by Robert Finn p. 7-B. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  43. ↑ Donald Rosenberg (21 June 1985). "'Blake' Preview a Zesty Appetizer". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 29.
  44. ↑ "AU Program to Hail Contributions of Black Artists in U.S. Culture". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 22 February 1990. p. 35. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
  45. ↑ Edward Rothstein (27 August 1991). "Review/Music; Celebrating Mendelssohn in Large and Small Ways". The New York Times. New York, NY. p. C-12.
  46. ↑ Allan Kozinn (14 August 1992). "The Work And Life Of Strauss". The New York Times. New York, NY. p. C-16.
  47. ↑ Edward Said (23 January 1993). "Music". The Nation. New York, NY. p. 103.
  48. ↑ Edward Rothstein (9 November 1993). "Review/Music; Exploring the Effects Of Dvorak's Sojourn In the New World". The New York Times. New York, NY. p. C-17.
  49. ↑ Francis Brancaleone (7 August 1994). "'Robert Schumann and His World' is focus of Bard Music Festival". The Daily Item. Port Chester, NY. p. 68. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  50. ↑ Oestreich, James R. "Review/Music; Schumann, Peaks and Valleys". The New York Times.
  51. ↑ Holland, Bernard (8 November 1994). "Review/Music; Listening to Schumann's Mental Changes". The New York Times.
  52. ↑ Francis Brancaleone (27 August 1995). "Bard Music Festival's Focus on Bela Bartok Proves Very Rewarding". The Daily Times, Mamaroneck NY. p. 28. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  53. ↑ "New York Magazine - In Concert - William Appling Singers & Orchestra". 7 October 1996. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  54. 1 2 "News". The Bulletin of Historical Research in Music Education. 20 (3): 219–220. May 1999. doi:10.1177/153660069902000307. JSTOR 40215003. S2CID 219975017.
  55. ↑ "William Appling Plans Concert". Cleveland Call & Post. Cleveland, Ohio. 9 March 1957. p. 15.
  56. ↑ "Youthful Artists Sparkle at Ionians Annual Spring Musicale". Cleveland Call & Post. Cleveland, Ohio. 10 June 1950. p. 18.
  57. ↑ "Appling-Mack Duo Scores in St. John A.M.E. Recital". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. 4 October 1952. p. 10. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  58. ↑ "Guest Artists Add Glamour". Cleveland Call & Post. Cleveland, Ohio. 5 October 1974. p. 25.
  59. ↑ "Pianist William Appling in Cleveland Orchestra Debut". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. May 6, 1961. p. 5.
  60. ↑ "Appling to Appear with Cleveland Orchestra". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. March 24, 1962. p. 13.
  61. ↑ "William Appling Makes Pops Debut". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. August 4, 1962. p. 15.
  62. ↑ "Pops Concert Stars - Appling Plays Gershwin". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. August 18, 1962. p. 15.
  63. ↑ "Museum Programs". The Brooklyn Museum Annual. 4: 129–130. 1962–1963. JSTOR 26457513.
  64. ↑ R.P. (April 27, 1964). "William Appling Piano Recital". New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  65. ↑ (8 May 1967). 'Soloists Brighten Women's Concert' by Ethel Boros, p. 24. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  66. ↑ "Seth McCoy Appears in Benefit Concert". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. May 24, 1975. p. 34.
  67. ↑ "Benefit Concert a Success". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. June 21, 1975. p. 22.
  68. ↑ "W. C. Handy Program". Call and Post. Cleveland, Ohio. Mar 8, 1952. p. 19.
  69. ↑ (2 March 1952). 'W. C. Handy Program' by Herbert Elwell Page 36-D. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  70. ↑ "William Appling at the Thursday Morning Club". Pittsfield Berkshire Eagle. Pittsfield, Mass. 10 April 2008. p. 10.
  71. ↑ Soni Sangha (17 March 2004). "NY Daily News - Reaching out - 5M times". New York Daily News. New York, NY. p. 85.
  72. ↑ "William Appling". J.W. Pepper & Son. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  73. ↑ "Chanticleer - Where the Sun Will Never Go Down". All Music.
  74. ↑ "Dale Warland Singers - Harvest Home". Discogs. 2005.
  75. ↑ "William Appling - Shall We Gather: American Hymns & Spirituals". All Music.
  76. ↑ "Cantus & Chanticleer - "We Shall Walk Through the Valley in Peace" (Oct. 3, 2016)". youtube.com. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  77. ↑ Doyle, John G. (December 1969). "Gottschalk: Nationalist Composer, Native Virtuoso". Music Educators Journal. 56 (4): 25–30, 71–73. doi:10.2307/3392659. JSTOR 3392659. S2CID 191515573.
  78. ↑ "Reserve Mourns the Loss of a Musician, Educator & Mentor". Western Reserve Academy. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  79. ↑ John Van Rhein (22 October 1972). "WRA Senior Edward Emma Will Play Beethoven's 'Emperor' Concerto". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 111.
  80. ↑ "WRA Glee Club Members Tour Europe with Case Men's Glee Club". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 10 March 1972. p. B1.
  81. ↑ "Academy Singers Perform at Stan Hywet". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 7 December 1975. p. 129.
  82. ↑ Betty Jaycox (11 April 1977). "Music In the Air". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 12.
  83. ↑ Betty Jaycox (26 April 1979). "Academy's Music Festival This Weekend". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 70.
  84. ↑ "Appling Leads WRA's Annual Messiah Sing". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 2 December 1988. p. 45.
  85. ↑ John Von Rhein (12 March 1972). "New Music Mecca For Youngsters". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 104.
  86. ↑ John Von Rhein (8 July 1973). "High Schoolers Get Six Weeks of Music Study". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 24. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  87. ↑ John Von Rhein (14 July 1974). "Hear and Now". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 32. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  88. ↑ (22 July 1978). 'Youth no obstacle for Summer Music Experience' by Robert Finn, p. 3-B. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  89. ↑ Donald Rosenberg (19 July 1978). "SME Orchestra Plays with Polish". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  90. ↑ "Music Experience All Work for 44 at Western Reserve= Donald Rosenberg". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio. 8 August 1979. p. 16. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  91. ↑ (22 October 1972). 'A Summer Discovery at Hudson' by Robert Finn, p. 9-G. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  92. ↑ Helen Carringer (3 September 1972). "'Music Experience' Equals Thrilling Bit of Hard Work". Akron Beacon Journal. p. 91. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  93. ↑ Robert Finn (9 September 1989). "Ouster of Music Head at Academy Protested". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 4-C.
  94. ↑ Margaret Bernstein (25 January 1990). "Discordant Notes Still Echo at WRA". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 5-E.
  95. ↑ Joanna R. Pearlstein (7 September 1990). "Fergusson Addresses Free Speech At Convocation". The Miscellany News. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  96. ↑ "College Choir and Madrigal Singers to Perform". The Miscellany News. 9 December 1994. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
  97. ↑ "The Vassar College Madrigal Singers". Poughkeepsie Journal. 31 January 1992. p. 6C. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
  98. ↑ Faber, Harold (October 13, 1991). "Marshall and 4 Others Get Freedoms Medals". New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  99. ↑ Stephanie Bosco (16 February 1996). "Black History Month Panel Discussion To Be Held". The Miscellany News. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  100. ↑ "Glenville High School Choral Club, William Appling". Delta Records of Ohio. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  101. ↑ "Cantate Domino The Case Men's Glee Club, William Apping, Director". Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  102. ↑ "Metamorphosis". Ars Nova Ars Antiqua Recordings. 1970. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  103. ↑ "WASO - William Billings: Wake Evr'y Breath". New World Records.
  104. ↑ Wilfrid Mellers (Summer 1998). "Reviewed Work: Wake Every Breath by William Billings, William Appling Singers & Orchestra, William Appling". The Musical Times. 139 (1863): 71–72. JSTOR 1004212.
  105. ↑ Allan Ulrich (3 July 1998). "Get in the spirit of American Music". San Francisco Examiner. p. 41. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  106. ↑ Miller, Sarah Bryan (May 24, 1998). "Classical Briefs - Billings: Hymn Tunes and Patriotic Songs". New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  107. ↑ "Richard Wilson - Stresses in the Peaceable Kingdom". Albany Records.
  108. ↑ "William Appling Singers - Shall We Gather: American Hymns & Spirituals". Albany Records.
  109. ↑ Sarah Bryan Miller (6 January 2002). "CDs Classical: Shall We Gather". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 70.
  110. ↑ "William McClelland - The Revenge of Hamish". Albany Records.
  111. ↑ William Thomas Walker (8 September 2006). "William McClelland: The Revenge of Hamish". CVNC.org. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  112. ↑ "Records Received". The Black Perspective in Music. 10 (2): 224–225. Autumn 1982. JSTOR 1214628.
  113. ↑ (10 December 1982). 'Here's to a record Christmas' by Chris Colombi, Jr. Page 39. The Plain Dealer. (Cleveland, Ohio).
  114. ↑ "A. Grace Lee Mims – Spirituals". Discogs. 1981.
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  128. ↑ Oscar Smith (16 November 1965). "Kulas Fellow in Choral Conducting". Akron Beacon Journal. p. 86. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
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  131. ↑ "Western Reserve Academy presents the annual William T. Appling Memorial Concert". MyTownNEO. 20 July 2014. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
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