Typhoon Lingling (Liwayway)
Typhoon Lingling at peak intensity off the coast of China on 5 September
Meteorological history
Formed31 August 2019
Extratropical7 September 2019
Dissipated8 September 2019
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds175 km/h (110 mph)
Lowest pressure940 hPa (mbar); 27.76 inHg
Category 4-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds220 km/h (140 mph)
Lowest pressure928 hPa (mbar); 27.40 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities8 total
Damage$300 million (2019 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Taiwan, China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, Alaska
IBTrACS
Part of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Lingling, also known in the Philippines as Typhoon Liwayway, was a powerful typhoon that hit the Philippines, China, and Korea in 2019. It was also the strongest to strike North Korea. Lingling caused agriculture damage to Japan and the Korean Peninsula, causing several million USD in damage. Overall, Lingling caused $300 million (2019 USD) in damage and claimed 8 lives.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 31, three tropical depressions formed, one of which was east of Mindanao. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center then issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system.[1] On September 1, the Philippines agency PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical depression and named it Liwayway.[2] The Joint Typhoon Warning Center then gave Liwayway the designation 15W.[3] Liwayway then became better organized in the Philippine Sea. Early on September 2, the Japan Meteorological Agency reported that Liwayway intensified into a tropical storm, and named the system Lingling. Lingling then continued to organize itself, and soon later, the JTWC upgraded Lingling to a tropical storm. Lingling steadily strengthened, with convection consolidating around the center. Early in the morning of September 3, Lingling further intensified into a severe tropical storm.[4] Late on September 3 UTC (early on September 4 local time), Lingling developed an eye.[5] Subsequently, the JTWC upgraded Lingling into a Category 1 typhoon. Early on September 5, the JMA and PAGASA upgraded Lingling into a typhoon.[6] Subsequently, Lingling then underwent rapid intensification from favorable conditions near the South China Sea and soon became a Category 2, and later a Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson scale, as it tracked east of Taiwan. The eye became clear and wide as Lingling intensified even further. Lingling then moved out of the Philippine Area of Responsibility after making landfall in Miyako Island, and PAGASA issued its final advisory on Lingling.[7] Lingling then made landfall as a Category 4 on Miyako-jima, then continued to intensify, and reaching its peak intensity as a violent typhoon, the first since Lekima a month earlier. It gradually weakened as it was east of China. At 2:30 p.m. KST (05:30 UTC), Lingling made landfall in South Hwanghae Province, North Korea with winds of 130 km/h (80 mph),[8] becoming the first typhoon and the strongest storm to strike the country.[9] On September 8, Lingling weakened to a minimal tropical storm. It moved away from North Korea and the center moved to Russia, weakening even further. Inside Russia, Lingling transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. Extratropical remnants of Lingling would travel through Russia before crossing the International Date Line in September 12.[10]

Preparations and impacts

Philippines

Lingling enhanced the southwest monsoon, and caused rains in many parts of the country, while floods in other areas had still not subsided from the previous storms that passed the Extreme Northern Luzon area. Passing east of the Philippines, Lingling caused flooding in Luzon. Agricultural damage in Pampanga were amounted to ₱5.65 million (US$108,000).[11]

Japan

Authorities issued an evacuation advisory before the storm. The advisory was lifted on September 6, after the storm passed. Lingling left more than 20,000 households without power in Okinawa Prefecture. In Miyakojima, Okinawa, 80 percent of homes were affected by a blackout.[12] Economic loss in Okinawa Prefecture were at JP¥533 million (US$4.98 million).[13][14]

Koreas

Typhoon Lingling making landfall in South Korea.

Passing west of South Korea, Lingling killed three people and injured ten others. Wind gusts reached 196 km/h (122 mph) in Heuksando, the strongest wind observed in the country since Maemi in 2003. About 161,000 households had experienced power outages.[15] Damage nationwide were amounted to ₩159 billion (US$133 million).[16]

In North Korea, five people were dead with three others injured. The typhoon damaged 475 houses and buildings, as well as 46,200 ha (114,000 acres) of farmland.[17] North Korean leader Kim Jong Un was displeased with the preparations before the typhoon. In a press conference, he said:[18]

[Senior officials were] helpless against the typhoon, unaware of its seriousness and seized with easygoing sentiment.

China

Lingling also passed through the Northeast China, affecting 455,000 people, according to the Ministry of Emergency Management. Over 2,800 people in the provinces of Jilin, Heilongjiang and Zhejiang were displaced. A total of 44 houses collapsed and over 460 were damaged, while 215,800 hectares of crops were affected.[19] Total damage in China were calculated at CN¥930 million (US$131 million).[20]

Russia

Later, Lingling's extratropical remnants caused flooding in the Russian Far East, with damage in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast amounting to ₽2 billion (US$30.4 million).[21]

Aftermath

In China, The Ministry of Emergency Management sent work teams to Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang to assist in disaster relief.[19]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "JTWC TCFA 92W".
  2. ↑ Severe Weather Bulletin #1 For: Tropical Depression Liwayway (PDF) (Report). PAGASA. September 1, 2019.
  3. ↑ "NASA infrared eye analyzes typhoon Lingling".
  4. ↑ https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/3879/Update_Severe_Weather_Bulletin_No_07_for_Severe_Tropical_Storm_LIWAYWAY_03_September_2019.pdf
  5. ↑ https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/3879/Update_Severe_Weather_Bulletin_No_09_for_Severe_Tropical_Storm_LIWAYWAY_03_September_2019.pdf
  6. ↑ https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/3879/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_No_13_for_Typhoon_LIWAYWAY_issued_on_05Sept2019_11AM.pdf
  7. ↑ https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/3879/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_No_14_FINAL_for_Typhoon_LIWAYWAY_issued_on_05Sept2019.pdf
  8. ↑ "태풍 '링링' 오후 2시30분 북한 황해도 상륙" (in Korean). Maeil Broadcasting Network. September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  9. ↑ Leister, Eric; Spamer, Courtney (September 7, 2019). "Lingling becomes one of strongest typhoons to hit South Korea, kills at least 3". AccuWeather. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  10. ↑ "Archived copy". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ↑ "Pampanga crop damage due to floods hits P5M". Sun.Star. September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  12. ↑ "Typhoon Lingling pummels Okinawan islands".
  13. ↑ 公共施設被害１億１３００万円／台風１３号 (in Japanese). Miyako Mainichi. September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  14. ↑ 台風の農水被害４億２千万円 総額の97％が宮古地区 (in Japanese). Okinawa Times. September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  15. ↑ "3 dead amid hundreds of accidents due to Typhoon Lingling". The Korea Herald. September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  16. ↑ 정부, 태풍 '링링' 피해 복구비 1천590억원 확정 (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  17. ↑ "Recovery work under way in N. Korea after powerful typhoon hits peninsula". Yonhap News Agency. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  18. ↑ "Several Dead as Typhoon Lingling Hits North Korea". AlJazeera. 8 September 2019. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  19. 1 2 "455,000 people in China affected by Typhoon Lingling".
  20. ↑ 叶昊鸣 (September 9, 2019). 台风“玲玲”共造成3省45.5万人受灾 (in Chinese). Xinhua News. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  21. ↑ "Тайфун "Линлин" подтопил почти 380 домов в Комсомольске-на-Амуре" (in Russian). Russian Gazette. September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
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