The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Basra, Iraq.

Prior to 16th century

16th-19th centuries

  • 1546 - Ottomans in power.[1]
  • 1547 - Basra Eyalet (administrative region) formed.[1]
  • 1556 - Portuguese attempt to take city.[1]
  • 1596 - Afrasiyab becomes governor.[6]
  • 1604 - Population: 50,000 (approximate); number of houses: 10,000 (approximate).[8]
  • 1645 - English factory in business.[1]
  • 1668 - City was conquered by the Turks.[9]
  • 1694 - Muntafiq tribes in power.[1]
  • 1733 - City becomes part of Baghdad Eyalet (administrative region).[6]
  • 1763 - British East India Company in business.[1]
  • 1773 - Epidemic.[1]
  • 1777 - City besieged by Persian forces led by Sadiq Khan Zand.[9]
  • 1779 - Turks in power.[10][9]
  • 1823 - Population: 55,000 (approximate).[11]
  • 1840 - Turks in power.[10]
  • 1865 - Baghdad-Basra telegraph begins operating.[12]
  • 1884 - Basra Vilayet (administrative region) formed.[9]

20th century

  • 1901 - Consulate of Russia established.[1]
  • 1910 - Cholera and bubonic plague outbreak.[13]
  • 1911
  • 1913 - Reform Society of Basra founded.[14]
  • 1914 - Battle of Basra (1914); British in power.
  • 1915 - April: Turkish forces attempt to take city.[1]
  • 1919 - Baghdad-Basra Railway in operation.[1]
  • 1920
    • Uprising against British occupation.[1]
    • Population: 40,000 (approximate).[13]
  • 1947 - Population: 101,535.[15]
  • 1964 - University of Basrah established.[1]
  • 1965 - Population: 310,950.[16]
  • 1967 - Basrah Medical College established.
  • 1982 - July: Iranian forces attempt to take city.[1]
  • 1984 - Iranian forces attempt to take city.[1]
  • 1987
    • January–February: Iranian forces attempt to take city.
    • Population: 406,296.[17]
  • 1991
  • 1999
    • 25 January: Bombing by United States forces.
    • Uprising.

21st century

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Stanley 2008.
  2. 1 2 Naji 1981.
  3. ↑ Mohammadi-Malayeri, Mohammad (1382). تاریخ و فرهنگ ایران در دوران انتقال از عصر ساسانی به عصر اسلامی (in Persian). Vol. 5. Tehrān: Tūs. pp. 369–370. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  4. ↑ Tabari, Muhammad ibn Yarir al- (1989). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 20: The Collapse of Sufyanid Authority and the Coming of the Marwanids: The Caliphates of Mu'awiyah II and Marwan I and the Beginning of The Caliphate of 'Abd al-Malik A.D. 683-685/A.H. 64-66. SUNY Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-88706-855-3.
  5. 1 2 Grove 2009.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Abdullah 2001.
  7. 1 2 3 Le Strange 1905.
  8. ↑ Matthee 2006.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Britannica 1910.
  10. 1 2 Hartmann 1913.
  11. ↑ Morse 1823.
  12. ↑ Shahvar 2003.
  13. 1 2 3 US GPO 1920.
  14. ↑ Tauber 1989.
  15. ↑ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
  16. ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ↑ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ↑ "Second Sunni Mosque Is Blown Up in Basra". New York Times. 16 June 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  19. ↑ "UK troops return Basra to Iraqis". BBC News. 16 December 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  20. ↑ "Basrah". Inter-Agency Information and Analysis Unit. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  21. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.

Bibliography

in English

Published in 19th century
Published in 20th century
Published in 21st century
  • Thabit A. J. Abdullah (2001), Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra, State University of New York Press, ISBN 9780791448076, 079144807X
  • Soli Shahvar (2003). "Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65". Middle Eastern Studies. 39.
  • Rudi Matthee (2006). "Between Arabs, Turks and Iranians: The Town of Basra, 1600-1700". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 69: 53–78. doi:10.1017/s0041977x06000036. S2CID 159935186.
  • Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Basra". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
  • C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Basra". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 49+.
  • Bruce Stanley (2008), "Basrah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 72+
  • Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Basra". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
  • "Basra". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.

in other languages

Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Basra.

30°30′N 47°49′E / 30.500°N 47.817°E / 30.500; 47.817

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.