The Grayzone
The homepage of The Grayzone on September 11, 2021
Type of site
News website, Blog
Founder(s)Max Blumenthal
EditorWyatt Reed (managing)[1]
Key peopleBen Norton (until January 2022)
Aaron Maté
Anya Parampil
Alex Rubenstein
Kit Klarenberg
URLthegrayzone.com
LaunchedDecember 2015

The Grayzone is an American fringe,[7] far-left[19] news website and blog,[23] founded and edited by American journalist Max Blumenthal.[20]

The website, initially founded as The Grayzone Project,[24] was affiliated with AlterNet before becoming independent in early 2018.[4] It is known for its critical coverage of the US and its foreign policy,[1] misleading reporting,[25][26] and sympathetic coverage of authoritarian regimes.[4][21][27][28] The Grayzone has downplayed or denied the Chinese government's human rights abuses against Uyghurs,[32] published conspiracy theories about Venezuela, Xinjiang, Syria, and other regions,[33][34] and published pro-Russian propaganda during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[31]

Grayzone writers such as Blumenthal and Aaron Maté acted as briefers on behalf of the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations at UN meetings organised by Russia.[35][36][37][38] [39]

History

The Grayzone was founded as a blog called The Grayzone Project in December 2015 by Max Blumenthal.[4][20][24] The blog was hosted on AlterNet from its inception until early 2018, when The Grayzone became independent of the website.[4][40]

Amid the Syrian civil war, the website supported the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria,[26] published content denying that the Syrian government used chemical weapons against civilians,[28][41][42][43] and accused the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) of a "cover-up".[44] The website also downplayed the scope of China's Xinjiang internment camps and other widely reported abuses by the Chinese government against Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities.[3][4][20][21][28] Blumenthal stated in July 2020 "I don’t have reason to doubt that there’s something going in Xinjiang, that there could even be repression. But we haven’t seen the evidence for these massive claims".[4]

Research from the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD), which studied 28 social media accounts, individuals, outlets and organisations, stated that Grayzone reporter Aaron Maté was the "most prolific spreader of disinformation" on matters concerning Syria amongst its study group, having surpassed Vanessa Beeley in 2020.[45][46]

When a humanitarian aid convoy on the border of Venezuela caught fire in February 2019, The Grayzone published an article by Blumenthal in which he argued that the U.S. government and mainstream media had falsely reported forces supporting President Nicolás Maduro as the individuals responsible for sparking the flames, writing that "the claim was absurd on its face." Glenn Greenwald, writing in The Intercept, commented that the story "compiled substantial evidence strongly suggesting that the trucks were set ablaze by anti-Maduro protesters".[47]

English Wikipedia formally deprecated the use of The Grayzone as a source for facts in its articles in March 2020, citing issues with the website's factual reliability.[4][22]

The Grayzone promoted the Nicaraguan government's narrative on the 2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests and the November 2021 Nicaraguan general election.[6][48][24] The platform also conducted an "unquestioning interview", according to The Guardian, with Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega.[49][50] Blumenthal and Norton expressed their support to the regime dancing to "El Comandante se queda" (English: The Comandante Stays) a cumbia song composed in support of Ortega during the 2018 protests.[50] The Grayzone published an open letter, promoted by RT, criticizing The Guardian's coverage of Nicaragua and one of its contributors, Carl David Goette-Luciak. Goette-Luciak was later arrested and deported by the Nicaraguan government. John Perry, writing under the pseudonym Charles Redvers, published a "confession" on The Grayzone of student protester Valeska Sandoval.[24] The confession was false and Sandoval made it under duress while in prison.[6][24][48]

In February 2021, tweets concerning a Grayzone article by Blumenthal were the first to receive a Twitter warning label stating "These materials may have been obtained through hacking". The story was titled "Reuters, BBC, and Bellingcat participated in covert UK Foreign Office–funded programs to 'weaken Russia', leaked docs reveal". The story referred to hacked and leaked documents and alleged that a British Army unit has used "social media to help fight wars".[51][52]

Amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the website has published disinformation, including the debunked claim that Ukrainian fighters were using civilians as human shields, and that the 2022 Mariupol theatre bombing was staged by the Azov Regiment to warrant NATO intervention.[31] The Grayzone's invitation to the 2022 Web Summit, the largest technology conference in Europe, was withdrawn over backlash against the website's anti-Ukrainian narratives amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[11][53][54] After the documentary Navalny won an Academy Award in February 2023, The Grayzone published an article by Lucy Komisar criticizing the film. The article was shown to be written by the neural network Writesonic and to reference sources that did not exist.[55][56][57][58]

Funding

Blumenthal has stated that The Grayzone receives funding through Patreon and from "private friends of mine who are basically progressive Americans who support progressive media". He said The Grayzone receives no state funding from Russia or China.[59]

In August 2023, GoFundMe froze more than $90,000 from 1,100 contributors to The Grayzone, citing unspecified "external concerns". Blumenthal said he believed the concerns were political and related to the platform's coverage of the war in Ukraine. The Grayzone's managing editor Wyatt Reed had also had issues with PayPal and Venmo since reporting on Ukraine.[1]

Reception

The Grayzone's news content is generally considered to be fringe,[3][4][5][6] and the website maintains a pro-Kremlin editorial line,[26][60] centred around an opposition to the foreign policy of the United States and a desire for a multipolar world.[4]

The Grayzone has been criticized for defending authoritarian regimes.[4][20][34][40][61] In Reorienting Hong Kong’s Resistance: Leftism, Decoloniality, and Internationalism, The Grayzone was described as "known for misleading reporting in the service of authoritarian states".[25] Nerma Jelacic, writing in the Index on Censorship, described The Grayzone as "a Kremlin-connected online outlet that pushes pro-Russian conspiracy theories and genocide denial."[62] In 2019, The Grayzone had claimed the Commission for International Justice and Accountability, of which Jelacic is a director, collaborated with ISIS and Jabhat al-Nusra affiliates.[62]

It has also been sharply criticized for de-emphasizing the scale of the Xinjiang internment camps and other Chinese state abuses against Uyghurs.[4][20][63]

The Russian fake news website Peace Data has republished articles by The Grayzone in order to build a reputation as a progressive and anti-Western media source and to attract contributors.[64] False claims published by The Grayzone are referenced by many Twitter users who back Assad and the Russian government.[26]

The government of China, officials within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and Chinese state media have viewed The Grayzone's coverage of China positively.[3][4][20][21] The site has promoted Chinese Communist Party narratives on Xinjiang, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.[65] In order to dispute accusations of ongoing atrocities in Xinjiang, Chinese state media and Chinese officials have increasingly cited posts from The Grayzone in their public communications.[68] According to a report from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Chinese state-controlled media and affiliated entities began to amplify articles from The Grayzone in December 2019 after the website posted an article critical of Xinjiang researcher Adrian Zenz.[3] Chinese state-controlled media cited The Grayzone at least 313 times between December 2019 and February 2021, 252 of which were in English-language publications, the report said.[3][29][69]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Hale, Erin (September 1, 2023). "GoFundMe freezes donations for The Grayzone, sparking free speech debate". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on September 1, 2023. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  2. ↑ Casalicchio, Emilio (August 28, 2022). "How a retired MI6 boss, his Brexiteer friends and a celebrity Marxist became targets in Russia's war on Ukraine". POLITICO. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Zhang, Albert; Wallis, Jacob; and Meers, Zoe. (March 2021) Strange bedfellows on Xinjiang: The CCP, fringe media and US social media platforms. Archived September 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Thompson, Caitlin (July 30, 2020). "Enter the Grayzone: fringe leftists deny the scale of China's Uyghur oppression". Coda Story. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2021. The Grayzone has followed a similar path on Syria, challenging reports of atrocities by the regime of President Bashar al-Assad. ...Based on a desire for a multipolar world, in which global military, cultural and economic power is distributed among multiple nation states and Western influence greatly diminished, they have been quick to argue on behalf of authoritarian regimes such as China and Syria.
  5. 1 2 Chan, John (March 5, 2021). "Campaign to Discredit BBC Revealed as Media Conditions Inside China Continue to Deteriorate". China Digital Times. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Davis, Charles (November 1, 2021). "Facebook says it just uncovered one of the largest troll farms ever - run by the government of Nicaragua". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
  7. ↑ "fringe website":[2][3][4][5][6]
  8. 1 2 Lang, Marissa J. (August 1, 2019). "Activists who occupied Venezuela's embassy in Washington honored at ceremony in Caracas". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  9. ↑ Sebok, Filip (April 30, 2021). "Czechia: A Case Study of China's Changing Overseas Propaganda Efforts". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  10. 1 2 Bloodworth, James (December 11, 2020). "China's useful idiots". UnHerd. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
  11. 1 2 Foy, Simon (October 27, 2022). "Web Summit maverick accused of pandering to Putin". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on October 27, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  12. 1 2 Van der Made, Jan (April 8, 2021). "China's state television risks losing broadcast licence in France". Radio France Internationale. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  13. ↑ McGreevy, Ronan. "Web Summit cancels invitations to two speakers following 'pro-Russian' backlash". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on November 20, 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
  14. ↑ Cuffe, Danil; Simon, Chloe (November 4, 2021). "Fringe right-wing media and conspiracy theorists spread antisemitic disinformation about the Pandora Papers". Media Matters for America. Archived from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  15. ↑ Antelava, Natalia (March 10, 2022). "No off ramp for Putin as Ukraine burns". Coda Story. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
  16. ↑ Dávid, Sajó (April 1, 2022). "I watched Russian propaganda for a whole day – even Hungary's public media is easier to stomach". Telex.hu. Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
  17. 1 2 Cheng, June (October 13, 2020). "Xinjiang deniers". World. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
  18. ↑ Bloc, Ben (August 15, 2022). "Russell Brand slammed by antisemitism campaigners for platforming Corbyn apologist". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
  19. ↑ Considered far-left by numerous sources.[1][4][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (August 11, 2020). "The American blog pushing Xinjiang denialism". Axios. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Ross, Alexander Reid (July 27, 2021). "Meet 'Leftist' Grayzone's New Neo-fascist Allies in Denying China's Genocide of Uyghurs". Haaretz. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
  22. 1 2 Ross, Alexander Reid (June 19, 2020). "Russia's Disinformation War on America Takes Racist Aim at Black Lives Matter". Haaretz. Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  23. ↑ "and blog":[4][8][10][12][20][21][22]
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 Davis, Charles (October 4, 2018). "In Nicaragua, Torture Is Used to Feed 'Fake News'". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  25. 1 2 Wong, Vincent; Wong, Edward Hon-Sing (2022), Liu, Wen; Chien, Jn; Chung, Christina; Tse, Ellie (eds.), "How to Abolish the Hong Kong Police", Reorienting Hong Kong's Resistance, Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 37–38, doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4659-1_3, ISBN 978-981-16-4659-1, S2CID 221671633, archived from the original on September 2, 2023, retrieved April 26, 2022, The Grayzone, a publication known for misleading reporting in the service of authoritarian states...
  26. 1 2 3 4 Fiorella, Giancarlo; Godart, Charlotte; Waters, Nick (July 14, 2021). "Digital Integrity: Exploring Digital Evidence Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Strategies for Open Source Researchers". Journal of International Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press. 19 (1): 147–161. doi:10.1093/jicj/mqab022. ISSN 1478-1387. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2022. These grassroots communities are particularly evident on Twitter, where they coalesce around individual personalities like right-wing activist Andy Ngo, and around platforms with uncritical pro-Kremlin and pro-Assad editorial lines, like The Grayzone and MintPress News. These personalities and associated outlets act as both producers of counterfactual theories, as well as hubs around which individuals with similar beliefs rally. The damage that these ecosystems and the theories that they spawn can inflict on digital evidence is not based on the quality of the dis/misinformation that they produce but rather on the quantity.
  27. ↑ Chik, Holly; Baptista, Eduardo (March 30, 2021). "The China-based foreigners defending Beijing from Xinjiang genocide claims". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
  28. 1 2 3 4 DiMaggio, Anthony R.; Buscarnera, Brandon; Bucci, Rachael; Foley, Claire; Carlson, James (August 30, 2023). "The Phenomenon of Fake News, Part 2: The News Media Respond to Trump". Fake News in America: Contested Meanings in the Post-Truth Era. Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–70. doi:10.1017/9781009067362.004. ISBN 978-1-316-51245-6. Finally, the Grayzone and MintPress News pursue another form of leftist engagement with the fake news phenomenon – condemning the mainstream media for fake news, while amplifying the propaganda of autocratic foreign governments.
  29. 1 2 Xiao, Eva (March 30, 2021). "China Used Twitter, Facebook More Than Ever Last Year for Xinjiang Propaganda". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  30. ↑ Kanji, Azeezah; Palumbo-Liu, David (May 14, 2021). "The faux anti-imperialism of denying anti-Uighur atrocities". Aljazeera. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  31. 1 2 3 Ellery, Ben. "University of Edinburgh academic Tim Hayward accused of spreading propaganda". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  32. ↑ "Denied human rights abuses against Uyghurs":[4][17][20][28][29][3][30][31]
  33. ↑ Ross, Alexander Reid (November 8, 2019). "Fooling the Nation: Extremism and the Pro-Russia Disinformation Ecosystem". Boundary 2. Duke University Press. Archived from the original on July 19, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  34. 1 2 "Las mentiras de Daniel Ortega ante la prensa internacional". Confidencial (in Spanish). August 20, 2019. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  35. ↑ "Briefing by Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman Maria Zakharova, Moscow, July 6, 2023". mid.ru. Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
  36. ↑ "Arria-formula Meeting on "Risks Stemming from the Politicization of the Activities of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons" : What's In Blue : Security Council Report". March 2023 Monthly Forecast. March 23, 2023. Archived from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
  37. ↑ "Remarks by Permanent Representative Vassily Nebenzia at meeting of UNSC members". Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations. March 24, 2023. Archived from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  38. ↑ Camut, Nicolas (July 20, 2023). "Scoop! Why Ben from Ben & Jerry's blames America for war in Ukraine". POLITICO. Archived from the original on July 21, 2023. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  39. ↑ "How the Grayzone went from left-wing darling to right-wing influencer". dailydot.
  40. 1 2 Bawer, Bruce (September 2019). "Useful Idiot: The Curious Case of Max Blumenthal". Commentary. Archived from the original on March 9, 2022.
  41. ↑ Foresta, Matthew (April 29, 2022). "Meet the Sneakiest Defenders of Putin's Invasion of Ukraine". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022. The Grayzone, has consistently denied that the Assad regime used chemical weapons on its own people when, indeed, they did.
  42. ↑ "Unpublished OPCW Douma Correspondence Casts Further Doubt on Claims of 'Doctored' Report". Bellingcat. October 26, 2020. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2021. journalists have seized upon the documents released by 'Alex' as evidence that the OPCW falsified its report on Douma in order to frame the Syrian government for the attack and justify missile strikes launched by the US, UK and France against the government of Bashar al-Assad. Peter Hitchens at the Mail on Sunday, and Aaron Mate at The Grayzone have both written extensively on the matter.
  43. ↑ Davis, Charles (April 3, 2018). "An Inside Look at How Pro-Russia Trolls Got the SPLC to Censor a Commie". New Politics. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2022. In a July 7, 2017 article for his self-funded Grayzone Project, Blumenthal and his associate Benjamin Norton likewise cast doubt on the guilt of the only party known to have possessed and used sarin in the Syrian conflict.
  44. ↑ Whitaker, Brian (November 4, 2021). "The 'Echo Chamber' of Syrian Chemical Weapons Conspiracy Theorists". New Lines Magazine. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  45. ↑ Townsend, Mark (June 19, 2022). "Network of Syria conspiracy theorists identified". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
  46. ↑ "Deadly Disinformation". Deadly Disinformation. The Syria Campaign. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  47. ↑ Greenwald, Glenn (March 10, 2019). "NYT's Exposé on the Lies About Burning Humanitarian Trucks in Venezuela Shows How US Govt and Media Spread Fake News". The Intercept. Archived from the original on March 10, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  48. 1 2 Deibert, Michael (January 12, 2022). "In Latin America, Backers of Leftist Dictatorships Look the Other Way". New Lines Magazine. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 17, 2022. During the elections themselves...a carnival sideshow of figures descended on the country to be feted by [the] regime... ubiquitous was the U.S. journalist Ben Norton, affiliated with the website The Grayzone, which has made something of a cottage industry of defending dictators and their crimes. A reliable government booster nonetheless forced to admit on state television that there were no lines at polling booths, Norton was lampooned by the Nicaraguan blog Bacanalnica as a "cartoon … who hangs out with the most nefarious governments on the planet."
  49. ↑ "Nicaragua deports reporter who covered anti-Ortega protests". The Guardian. October 2, 2018. Archived from the original on June 9, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  50. 1 2 "Periodistas que entrevistaron a Ortega rinden culto al dictador al son de "El Comandante se queda"". La Prensa (in Spanish). August 19, 2019. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  51. ↑ Binder, Matt (February 24, 2021). "Twitter is now adding a controversial 'hacked materials' warning label to tweets". Mashable. Archived from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2021. UPDATE: Feb. 24, 2021, 9:34 a.m. EST According to Twitter, this instance is indeed the first time the "hacked materials" warning label has been used.
  52. ↑ Judson, Jen (September 10, 2019). "Virtual boots on the ground: British Army grapples with operating in the gray zone". DefenseNews; DSEI. Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  53. ↑ Zuidijk, Daniel (October 26, 2022). "Europe's Web Summit Withdraws Invitation to the Grayzone Website". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  54. ↑ "Web Summit rescinds invitation to far-left website to attend 2022 conference". Irish Examiner. October 26, 2022. Archived from the original on October 27, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  55. ↑ "Связанное с российской пропагандой издание опубликовало статью с критикой фильма "Навальный". Текст написали с помощью нейросети, которая выдумала источники информации". Meduza (in Russian). March 14, 2023. Archived from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  56. ↑ "US media outlet with ties to RT uses AI-generated sources in article on Navalny's "fake poisoning"". The Insider. March 14, 2023. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  57. ↑ VanBrugen, Isabel (March 15, 2023). "Navalny Film 'Debunk' Partly Written Using AI, Investigators Claim". Newsweek. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  58. ↑ Gault, Matthew (March 16, 2023). "AI Injected Misinformation Into Article Claiming Misinformation in 'Navalny' Doc". VICE. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  59. ↑ Foresta, Mathew (April 29, 2022). "Meet the Sneakiest Defenders of Putin's Invasion of Ukraine". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved June 18, 2023. During a recent interview, Blumenthal denied The Grayzone receives any state funding through Russia or China saying, "Well, you can see we get a lot of support on Patreon, and anyone who supports us outside Patreon are like private friends of mine who are basically progressive Americans who support progressive media."
  60. ↑ Carroll, Oliver (February 24, 2021). "Anger after Amnesty strips Navalny of 'prisoner of conscience' status". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  61. ↑ Achcar, Gilbert (October 10, 2019). "On Gutter Journalism and Purported "Anti-Imperialism"". New Politics. ISSN 0028-6494. Archived from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
  62. 1 2 Jelacic, Nerma (July 1, 2021). "Spinning bomb". Index on Censorship. SAGE Publishing. 50 (2): 16–23. doi:10.1177/03064220211033782. ISSN 0306-4220. S2CID 236179842. Archived from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
  63. ↑ Bloodworth, James (June 15, 2021). "Why are progressives still defending China's brutal dictatorship?". New Statesman. Archived from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  64. ↑ Quessard, Maud (2020). "Quels dangers pour la démocratie américaine ?". Diplomatie (in French) (106): 81. ISSN 1761-0559. JSTOR 26983667. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  65. ↑ Brandt, Jessica (July 3, 2021). "How Autocrats Manipulate Online Information: Putin's and Xi's Playbooks". The Washington Quarterly. Taylor & Francis. 44 (3): 137. doi:10.1080/0163660X.2021.1970902. ISSN 0163-660X. S2CID 237597142. Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  66. ↑ "China pushes back against critics of its policies in Xinjiang". The Economist. May 8, 2021. Archived from the original on September 12, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  67. ↑ Dudley, Renee; Kao, Jeff (July 30, 2020). "The Disinfomercial: How Larry King Got Duped Into Starring in Chinese Propaganda". ProPublica. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  68. ↑ "China cites:"[4][20][66][3][67]
  69. ↑ "Masterclass in Manipulation: Exposing Max Blumenthal's Lies About Israel and October 7". Haatez.
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