William Street May 2010

The Sydney lockout laws were introduced by the Government of New South Wales from February 2014 to January 2020 in the CBD and Oxford Street (and until March 2021 for Kings Cross) with the objective of reducing alcohol-fuelled violence. The legislation required 1.30am lockouts and 3am last drinks at bars, pubs and clubs in the Sydney CBD entertainment precinct. The precinct, defined in regulations, was bounded by Kings Cross, Darlinghurst, Cockle Bay, The Rocks and Haymarket.

While data showed that the lockout laws did help reduce alcohol-related violence, concerns were raised about the impact of the law on Sydney's night-time economy.

In 2016, the law was subject to an independent review, conducted by Ian Callinan. In response, the NSW Government announced it would "maintain Sydney’s lockout laws and implement the key recommendations"[1] which included relaxing the last drinks and lockout laws by half an hour for live entertainment venues in a two-year trial.

In September 2019, a NSW Parliamentary committee recommended that the lockout laws should be removed by the end of the year, with the exception of Kings Cross, where restrictions will be retained.[2] Medical professionals and representatives of emergency services workers opposed repeal.[3][4]

On 28 November 2019, the NSW Government announced that the lockout laws would be lifted in Sydney's CBD and Oxford Street from 14 January 2020.[5][6] On 8 February 2021, the NSW government announced the lockout laws would be lifted from the remaining area Kings Cross from 8 March 2021.[7]

Context

Teenager Daniel Christie died in January 2014, the victim of a one-hit punch. He had been out celebrating New Year's Eve in Kings Cross. His assault, a random attack at 9pm,[8] was just metres from the site where teenager Thomas Kelly had been fatally punched in July 2012.[9]

Similar killings on the streets of Kings Cross and the Sydney CBD in that period included those of Calum Grant in 2011,[10] Wilson Duque Castillo in 2012[11] and Lucio Rodrigues in 2013,[12] bringing the tally to "five deaths in three years".[13]

Christie's family called upon politicians to set laws that would help to stop alcohol-related violence.[14] Within weeks of Christie's death, the O'Farrell ministry met to discuss a new package of measures to address community concerns on the issue.[15]

Legislation

Legislative change

Barry O'Farrell announced his Government's plan for the new lockout laws on 21 January 2014.[16] The Government introduced the Liquor Amendment Bill 2014 to parliament on 31 January 2014,[17] to amend the Liquor Act 2007 and the Liquor Regulations 2008. The Bill would give the minister a regulation-making power to declare areas as prescribed precincts and impose conditions on licensed premises within those precincts.[18] The regulations defined the new 'CBD entertainment precinct' as the region bounded by Kings Cross, Darlinghurst, Cockle Bay, The Rocks and Haymarket, including parts of Surry Hills.[19][20][21] The Government also increased maximum prison sentences and introduced new mandatory minimums for various drug-fuelled violent offences.[22]

Exemptions

Within the CBD entertainment precinct

The regulations exempt venues within the defined CBD entertainment precinct that have poker machines installed. These venues may permit entrance to patrons on the condition that they do not serve alcohol past 1.30am and do not provide entertainment other than poker machines and background entertainment.[23] Most licensed small bars (maximum 60 people), restaurants and tourist accommodation may stay open past 3am, although alcohol service is not permitted after this time.[21]

Outside the CBD entertainment precinct

The entertainment precinct defined in regulations ends at Darling Harbour and does not include The Star casino, which is one of Sydney's most violent licensed venues.[24][25]

Impact

Effect on reducing offences

A report from the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR) released in April 2015 showed a 26% reduction in assaults in the lockout area, and a 32% reduction in assaults in Kings Cross.[26] In a March 2017 report, however, areas adjacent to the lockout precinct showed a 12% increase in assaults, with a 17% increase in "easy-to-reach" areas.[27] Representatives from peak medical organisations such as the Australian Medical Association NSW and hospitals such as St Vincent's testified to the efficacy of the laws in reducing violence, trauma and injury, saying they made a difference: “We've gone from a time when people were dying, to a time when people are not dying.”[28]

Effect on CBD business

Several venues in Kings Cross have closed since 2014, with several owners blaming the lockout laws for shutting down the late-night economy or a decrease in trade.[29][30][31]

Pedestrian traffic dropped by 40% in Kings Cross, falling from a Saturday peak of 5,590 per hour between 1am and 2am in 2010, to a Saturday peak of 3,888 between 12am and 1am in 2015.[32] Industry groups have claimed an 80 per cent reduction of foot traffic in Kings Cross, while the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education claimed the decline is closer to 19 per cent.[33]

Controversy

Controversy over the lockout laws centred around finding a balance between encouraging "night life" with the associated sale of alcohol and preventing injury resulting from alcohol-related violence.

Support

Support for the laws came from medical personnel who "have to pick up the pieces".[3] A Fairfax Media commissioned ReachTEL poll of 1,600 voters taken in August 2016 found "broad support within the community for keeping a 1:30am lockout (70 per cent) and retaining the 3am 'last drinks' time (72 per cent)".[34] It further found that "three-quarters of young people support existing laws" and that a majority of NSW voters said the lockout laws should be extended across the state.[34]

Opposition

Opposition to the laws came mainly from the hotel industry and business. When the law was first introduced, the NSW branch of the Australian Hotels Association said that the law would negatively impact Sydney's nighttime economy.[19] As at April 2016, they were advocating for the lockouts to be replaced with a 'no new patrons' policy, whereby patrons arriving after 3am would have to book ahead and alcohol service could continue after 1.30am.[35]

In September 2015, a 1000-member group named 'Reclaim the Streets' marched in protest of the lockout laws, claiming that the lockout had not solved the problem of alcohol-fuelled violence, instead pushing it into neighbouring suburbs, including Newtown.[36] Other protests organised by 'Keep Sydney Open' such as one on 21 February 2016, attended by members of bands to protest the lockout laws, and another in October of the same year, called for the NSW Government to lift lockout laws.[37] Organisers claimed that the laws alienated young people and destroyed the live music scene, while allowing The Star casino to remain open.[38]

A ReachTel poll commissioned by The Sun-Herald in October 2018 found a decline in support for the laws.[39] Citing a decline in patronage in parts of the city, Lord Mayor Clover Moore supported reversing the lockouts.[40]

Callinan and other reviews

An independent review of the lockout laws, conducted by Ian Callinan, was released in September 2016.[41] The review considered the impact and effectiveness of the laws, but did not address some of the complaints the community had about the laws, including the impact on employment in the precincts.[42] While largely backing the laws,[43] the review recommended relaxing the 1.30am lockout to 2am for live entertainment venues.[44][45]

In December 2016, the NSW Government released its response to the review and said it would relax the lockout law for live music venues by a half-hour in a two-year trial.[46][47] In line with the review, takeaway and home delivery alcohol sales will be extended from 10pm to 11pm across the State.[48]

In October 2018, Members of the NSW Government were reported to be considering relaxing the laws due to the negative impact on businesses and the reputation of Sydney on people seeking to holiday in the city.

In September 2019, the Premier hoped to introduce legislation to change or scrap them[3] and a Parliamentary committee recommended that the sale of takeaway alcohol be extended, although retained in Kings Cross because the area was "not yet sufficiently changed to warrant a complete reversal".[2] While the point was made that the lockout laws hoped to pre-empt crimes by predicting them,[49] others did not see any urgency in changing the laws, arguing instead for "gradual easing of restrictions and monitoring the changes at each stage".[50]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lockout and last drinks laws to remain in Sydney, justice.nsw.gov.au, 8 December 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  2. 1 2 Smith, Alexandra (30 September 2019). "Lockout laws should be axed in CBD but kept in Kings Cross, inquiry finds". Sydney Morning Herald.
  3. 1 2 3 Gorrey, Megan (8 September 2019). "'It's time to enhance Sydney's nightlife': lockout laws to be wound back in CBD". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  4. ↑ Cockburn, Paige (8 September 2019). "Sydney's lockout laws set to be wound back across CBD but Kings Cross still under curfew". ABC News.
  5. ↑ "Sydney's lockout laws to be scrapped everywhere except Kings Cross from January 14". ABC News. 28 November 2019.
  6. ↑ "Sydney lockout laws to be scrapped almost entirely from 14 January". The Guardian. 28 November 2019.
  7. ↑ "NSW Government to scrap controversial lockout laws in Kings Cross". ABC News. 8 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  8. ↑ "Lockout laws and violence in the streets". 20 February 2016.
  9. ↑ Margetts, Jayne (28 August 2015). "Shaun McNeil sentenced to maximum 10 years in prison over one-punch death of Daniel Christie". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016.
  10. ↑ Stephanie Gardiner, "Five possible witnesses to Kings Cross bashing sought", Sydney Morning Herald, 3 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  11. ↑ Louise Hall, "Bouncer jailed for minimum of 18 months for killing painter with one punch", Sydney Morning Herald, 15 February 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  12. ↑ One-punch killer pleads guilty to manslaughter over death of Brazilian man Lucio Rodrigues in Sydney, ABC News, 9 March 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  13. ↑ The Lockout Laws Campaign, 2011residentsassociation.org.au. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  14. ↑ "One-punch victim Daniel Christie farewelled at Sydney funeral". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 January 2014. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014.
  15. ↑ Gerathy, Sarah (20 January 2014). "NSW Cabinet to discuss alcohol-fuelled crime in wake of Daniel Christie's death". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015.
  16. ↑ Nicholls, Sean (21 January 2014). "Barry O'Farrell announces 'tough' laws to combat alcohol-fuelled violence". Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016.
  17. ↑ Renner, Christina; Cowper, Ashleigh (31 January 2014), Is this the death of late night Sydney? Liquor Amendment Bill passed by NSW parliament, Gadens, archived from the original on 30 March 2015
  18. ↑ "LIQUOR AMENDMENT BILL 2014". www.austlii.edu.au. Australasian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  19. 1 2 Nicholls, Sean (5 February 2014). "Alcohol: Barry O'Farrell announces Sydney lockouts from February 24". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016.
  20. ↑ O'Farrell, Barry (5 February 2014). "Lockout to commence from 24 February" (Press release). NSW Government. Archived from the original on 15 June 2016.
  21. 1 2 "New alcohol laws now in place". www.nsw.gov.au. New South Wales Government. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  22. ↑ "Alcohol and Drug fuelled violence initiatives". www.nsw.gov.au. New South Wales Government. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  23. ↑ Nicholls, Sean; Partridge, Emma (3 December 2015). "Sixteen Sydney pubs granted exemption to lockout laws". Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016.
  24. ↑ Koziol, Michael (30 August 2014). "And the winner of Sydney's lockout laws is ... Star casino!". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016.
  25. ↑ Nicholls, Sean (21 April 2015). "Star casino may be the most violent venue but exempt from restrictions". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015.
  26. ↑ Menéndez, Patricia; Weatherburn, Don; Kypri, Kypros; Fitzgerald, Jacqueline (April 2015). "Lockouts and last drinks: The impact of the January 2014 liquor licence reforms on assaults in NSW, Australia" (PDF). Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research.
  27. ↑ Whitbourn, Michaela (6 March 2017). "Sydney lockouts: Assaults 'displaced' to suburbs around CBD and Kings Cross". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017.
  28. ↑ Editorial (29 September 2019). "Lockout laws must change with the times". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  29. ↑ Dumas, Daisy (14 March 2016). "Going, going, gone: 10 iconic bar closures and moves in Sydney". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016.
  30. ↑ Spicer, David (30 July 2015). "Hugo's Lounge in Sydney's Kings Cross forced to close after revenue drop, owner blames lockout laws". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016.
  31. ↑ Hennessy, James (2 May 2016). "Sydney icon World Bar reveals how hard the lockout laws have hit 'em". Pedestrian.tv. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016.
  32. ↑ Evershed, Nick (11 February 2016). "Sydney's lockout laws: five key facts about the city's alcohol debate". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016.
  33. ↑ Bourke, Emma (29 August 2016). "Impact of Sydney's lockout laws 'vastly overstated'". ABC News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016.
  34. 1 2 James Robertson, "Majority of voters back broader lockout laws across NSW, poll shows", The Sydney Morning Herald, 29 August 2016.
  35. ↑ Wilson, Zanda (15 April 2016). "Australian Hotels Association Call For Change To Lockout Laws". Music Feeds. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016.
  36. ↑ Dye, Josh (13 September 2015). "Alcohol-fuelled violence: protesters demand end to city's 'draconian' lockout laws". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016.
  37. ↑ "Keep Sydney Open: Thousands attend protest against lockout laws, Jimmy Barnes backs campaign". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016.
  38. ↑ Murphy, Damien (9 October 2016). "Keep Sydney Open rally fights for the right to party". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016.
  39. ↑ Cormack, Lucy; Koziol, Michael (7 October 2018). "Newtown cracks down on 'party buses' as support slips for lockout laws". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  40. ↑ "Notorious lockout laws could be reversed in Sydney CBD". The New Daily. 4 October 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  41. ↑ Independent Liquor Law Review, NSW Government, retrieved 16 October 2016
  42. ↑ Raschilla, Lukas (16 September 2016). "Peak Industry Body Comments on Callinan Review". Drinks Bulletin. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016.
  43. ↑ Quilter, Julia (16 September 2016). "Callinan review largely backs Sydney lockout laws, but alcohol's role in family violence is a blind spot". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016.
  44. ↑ Gerathy, Sarah (13 September 2016). "Lockout laws in New South Wales could be relaxed, report suggests". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016.
  45. ↑ Woolway, Madeline (13 September 2016). "Callinan review findings released, laws could be relaxed". Hospitality Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016.
  46. ↑ Nicholls, Sean; Robertson, James (8 December 2016). "Lockout, last drinks laws relaxed after review". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  47. ↑ Mack, Emmy (8 December 2016). "Sydney Lockout Laws To Be Relaxed For Live Music Venues". Music Feeds. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  48. ↑ "NSW Government's response to lockout and last drinks laws announced". www.liquorandgaming.justice.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  49. ↑ Farrelly, Elizabeth (5 October 2019). "Good riddance: lockout laws were the Agent Orange of Sydney's culture". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  50. ↑ Editorial (4 October 2019). "No need to ditch Sydney's lockout laws with a big bang". The Sydney Morning Herald.
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