Skidzyelʹ
Скідзель (Belarusian)
Скидель (Russian)
Skidel
Town
Flag of Skidzyelʹ
Flag
Coat of arms of Skidzyelʹ
Coat of arms
Skidzyelʹ is located in Belarus
Skidzyelʹ
Skidzyelʹ
Coordinates: 53°35′00″N 24°15′00″E / 53.58333°N 24.25000°E / 53.58333; 24.25000
CountryBelarus
RegionGrodno Region
DistrictGrodno District
Population
 (2023)[1]
 • Total9,742
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK)
Postal code
231761
Area code+375 152
License plate4

Skidzyelʹ or Skidel (Belarusian: Скідзель; Russian: Скидель; Lithuanian: Skidlius; Polish: Skidel) is a town in Grodno Region, Belarus.[1][2] It is located 31 kilometres (19 mi) east from Grodno. As of 2023, it has a population of 9,742.[1]

History

Within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Skidzyel’ was part of Trakai Voivodeship. In 1795, the town was acquired by the Russian Empire as a result of the Third Partition of Poland.

From 1921 until 1939, Skidzyel’ was part of the Second Polish Republic. Skidziel is sometimes referred to as a former shtetl because 80% of its population was Jewish before the Holocaust.

On 18 September 1939, in the course of the Soviet invasion of Poland, Skidzyel’ was the site of a pro-Soviet communist revolt against the Polish government leading to massacre of ethnic Poles by killing squads deployed by delegalized Communist Party of Western Belarus, armed with the smuggled Soviet guns soon before the invasion. The event is referred to by historians as the Skidel revolt.[3] On 19 September, a unit of the Polish Army restored Polish control in Skidzyel’, but the next day, 20 September, the town was occupied by the Red Army and, on 14 November 1939, incorporated into the Byelorussian SSR.

From 27 June 1941 until 14 July 1944, Skidzyel’ was occupied by Nazi Germany and administered as a part of Bezirk Bialystok. Small shootings of Jews in the forest close to the city were frequent. The ghetto, where they were kept as prisoners, was liquidated on November 2, 1942. The Jews were taken to nearby Kolbassino (Polish: Kiełbasin) Sammellager transit camp to the south, packed with Jews of the Grodno Ghetto.[4] At this time, they were 22,000 to 28,000 people in the camp. From there, they were sent aboard Holocaust trains to Auschwitz extermination camp.[5]

After World War II, the Grodno headquarters of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was located in Skidal until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа". belsat.gov.by. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  2. ↑ Gaponenko, Irina Olegovna (2004). Назвы населеных пунктаў Рэспублікі Беларусь: Гродзенская вобласць. Minsk: Тэхналогія. p. 161. ISBN 985-458-098-9.
  3. ↑ Marek Wierzbicki, Institute of National Remembrance (2007). Western Belarus in September 1939 – Polish-Jewish Relations in the kresy. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. pp. 138–140. ISBN 978-3865832405. Retrieved 13 December 2012. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Noah Archer & Chris Webb (2007). "The Grodno Ghetto". H.E.A.R.T.; as well as Yad Vashem. "Lost Jewish Worlds - Grodno, and "History and Geography of Grodno"". The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  5. ↑ Skidel-Grodno at Yahadmap.org

53°35′10″N 24°15′07″E / 53.58611°N 24.25194°E / 53.58611; 24.25194

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