This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold.[1][2]

Argentina

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

  • Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1992–1999; laid up)[5]

Canada

Canadian Coast Guard

CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent in Halifax Harbour

Royal Canadian Navy

Commercial

  • Canmar Kigoriak (1979–2003; sold to Russia)
  • Robert LeMeur (1982–1997; sold to China)
  • Terry Fox (1983–1991; leased and later sold to the Canadian Coast Guard)
  • Arctic Kalvik (1983–2003; sold to Russia)
  • Ikaluk (1983–1998; Canmar Ikaluk since 1995; sold to Russia)
  • Miscaroo (1983–1998; Canmar Miscaroo since 1995; sold to Russia)
  • Arctic Ivik (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel Geco Snapper)
  • Polar S (2000–2022; ex-Njord, ex-Polar Star; broken up)
  • Polar Prince (2000–; ex-CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert)
  • Arcticaborg (2018–2019)

China

Polar Research Institute of China

People's Liberation Army Navy

  • Type 071 icebreaker
    • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (1971–2013; in reserve)
    • Haibing 721 (海冰721, "Sea Ice 721") (1973–2013; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
  • Type 210 icebreaker
    • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (1982–2012; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
  • Type 272 icebreaker
    • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (2016–)
    • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (2016–)

China Coast Guard

  • Donghai 519 (东海519, "East China Sea 519") (2013–; ex-Haibing 721)
  • Haijing 6401 (中国海警6401; "China Coast Guard 6401") (2012–; ex-Haibing 723, ex-Haijing 1411)

Sun Yat-sen University

State Oceanic Administration

  • Ji Di (2024– (planned); under construction)[18][19]

Other

  • Bin Hai 293 (滨海293, "Coastal 293") (1997–2016; ex-Robert LeMeur; broken up)[20]
  • Beijing Ocean Leader (2018–2021; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk; sold to Sun Yat-sen University)
  • Tan Suo San Hao (2025– (planned); under construction)[21]

Chile

Denmark

Danbjørn, Isbjørn and Thorbjørn moored at Frederikshavn
  • Bryderen (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960)
  • Isbjørn (1923–1965)[26]
  • Lillebjørn (1926–1968)[26]
  • Storebjørn (1931–1974; broken up)[26]
  • Elbjørn (1954–1996; used as a restaurant ship until sold for scrap in 2019)[27]
  • Danbjørn (1965–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)[28]
  • Isbjørn (1966–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)[28]
  • Thorbjørn (1980–2015; sold to private company)[29]

Estonia

Estonian Maritime Museum

  • Suur Tõll (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)

Estonian Maritime Administration

  • Tarmo (1993–; purchased from Finland)
  • EVA 316 (1995–; ex-Lonna; purchased from Finland)

Port of Tallinn

  • Karu (1988–2002; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Finland and sold to Russia)
  • Botnica (2012–; purchased from Finland)

Finland

State-owned icebreakers

Steam-powered

Steam-powered icebreakers Tarmo and Jääkarhu

Diesel-electric

Six modern Finnish icebreakers docked for the summer season at Katajanokka, Helsinki
  • Sisu (1939–1974; as Louhi in the Finnish Navy until 1986; broken up)
  • Voima (1954–)
  • Karhu class
    • Karhu (1958–1986; sold to the Soviet Union)
    • Murtaja (1959–1986; broken up)
    • Sampo (1960–1987; today owned by the city of Kemi and used for tourist cruises)
  • Tarmo class
    • Tarmo (1963–1993; sold to Estonia)
    • Varma (1968–1994; sold to Latvia)
    • Apu (1970–2006; sold to Russia)
  • Hanse (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia)
  • Urho class
    • Urho (1975–)
    • Sisu (1976–)
  • Otso class
  • Multipurpose icebreakers
  • Polaris (2016–)

Finnish Navy

  • Louhi (1975–1986; ex-Sisu; broken up)
  • Louhi (2011–)

Alfons Håkans

  • Zeus of Finland (1995–; ex-Zeus)
  • Thetis (2016–2023; ex-Storm Express, ex-Maersk Shipper, ex-Maersk Placentia, ex-Placentia Bay; sold)[30]

France

French Navy

Compagnie du Ponant

Other

  • L'Astrolabe (1988–2017; ex-Austral Fish, ex-Fort Resolution; decommissioned and sold)

Germany

Historical

  • Elbe (1911–??; museum ship)
  • Hindenburg (1916–1918; sunk by mine)
  • Stettin (1933–1981; museum ship)
  • Wal (1938–1990; museum ship)
  • Castor (1941–1945; sunk by mine but later raised by the Soviet Union)
  • Eisvogel (1942–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
  • Eisbär (1942–1946; handed over to the Soviet Union)
  • Pollux (1943–1945; sunk by mine)

Alfred-Wegener-Institut

  • Polarstern (1982–)
  • New icebreaking polar research vessel is expected to enter service in 2027.[33]

Other

  • Eisvogel class
    • Eisvogel (1961–2006; sold)
    • Eisbär (1961–1997; sold)
  • Max Waldeck (1966–2006; broken up; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1981)
  • Stephan Jantzen (1967–2005; museum ship)[34]
  • Neuwerk (1997–)
  • Arkona (2004–)

Italy

Japan

Imperial Japanese Navy

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

  • Fuji (1965–1985; museum ship)
  • Shirase (1981–2008; sold to Weathernews)
  • Shirase (2008–)

Japan Coast Guard

  • Sōya (PL107) (1938–1978; museum ship)
  • Sōya (PHL01) (1978–)
  • Teshio (PM 15) (1995–)

Kazakhstan

The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields:

  • Arcticaborg (1998–2018; sold to Canada)
  • Antarcticaborg (1998–2019; sold to Russia)
  • Tulpar (2002–)
  • Mangystau class icebreakers
    • Mangystau-1 (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
    • Mangystau-2 (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
    • Mangystau-3 (2011–)
    • Mangystau-4 (2011–)
    • Mangystau-5 (2011–)

Kazakhstani Coast Guard

  • Kazhymukan (2016–)

Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan

  • Ledokol-2 (1984–)

Latvia

Netherlands

Greenpeace

Norway

Poland

  • Kuna (1884–; oldest in service river icebreaker in the world)
  • Perkun (1963–1993; broken up)

Russia

Icebreakers

The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities.

Nuclear-powered icebreakers

Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker Yamal

Diesel-powered icebreakers

Kapitan Khlebnikov en route to Wrangel Island
  • Wind class
    • Severny Veter (1944–1951; ex-USCGC Staten Island; returned to the United States)
    • Severniy Polyus (1945–1951; ex-USS Westwind; returned to the United States)
    • Admiral Makarov (1945–1949; ex-USCGC Southwind; returned to the United States)
  • Kapitan Belousov class
    • Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)[49]
    • Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up)[50]
    • Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up)[51]
  • Moskva class
    • Moskva (1959–1998; broken up)[52]
    • Leningrad (1960–1993; broken up)[53]
    • Kiev (1965–1993; broken up)[54]
    • Murmansk (1968–1995; broken up)[55]
    • Vladivostok (1969–1997; broken up)[56]
  • Project 97A
  • Ermak class
  • Kapitan M. Izmaylov class
    • Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
    • Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
    • Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
  • Kapitan Sorokin class
  • Kapitan Chechkin class
    • Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
    • Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
    • Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
    • Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
    • Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
    • Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
  • Mudyug class
  • Kapitan Evdokimov class
    • Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
    • Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
    • Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
    • Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
    • Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
    • Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
    • Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
    • Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
  • Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden)[70]
  • Karu (2002–2020; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
  • Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu; purchased from Finland)
  • Project 21900
  • Baltika (2014–)
  • Project MPSV06
    • Beringov Proliv (2015–)[71]
    • Murman (2015–)[71]
    • Kerchenskiy Proliv (under construction)[72]
  • Project 21900M
  • Ob (2019–)[75]
  • Georgiy Sedov (2019–; ex-Antarcticaborg; purchased from Kazakhstan)
  • Viktor Chernomyrdin (2020–)[76]
  • Project 21900M2
    • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2023– (planned); construction stopped as of 2021)[77]
    • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2028– (planned); under construction)[78]
  • Boris Lavrov (2024– (planned); under construction)[79]
  • Project 23620
    • Two unnamed Project 23620 icebreakers (2024– (planned); ordered)[80][81]
  • Project MPSV06M
    • Pevek (2024– (planned); under construction)[82]
    • Anadyr (2024– (planned); under construction)[83]
  • Project 22740M
    • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)[84]
    • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)[85]

Steam-powered icebreakers

Steam-powered icebreaker Yermak
  • Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
  • Ledokol 1 (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)[86][87][88]
  • Ledokol 2 (1895–1923; hander over to Latvia)[86]
  • Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk)[89]
  • Nadeshnyy (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)[86]
  • Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
  • Gaydamak (1898–1930; broken up)[86]
  • Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up)[86][90]
  • Ledokol IV (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)[86]
  • A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
  • Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
  • Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
  • Silatch (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
  • Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
  • Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich, ex-Wäinämöinen, ex-Suur Tõll; sold to Estonia in 1987)
  • Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey; broken up)
  • Georgiy Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
  • Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
  • Mikula Seleaninovich (1916–1918)[86]
  • Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941)[91]
  • Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up)[92]
  • Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up)[93]
  • Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up)[94]
  • Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)[95]
  • Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
  • Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
  • Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
  • Toros (1929–1964)[86]
  • Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (−1961); broken up)
  • Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (−1951); broken up)
  • Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (−1956); broken up)
  • A. Mikoyan (1941–1968; broken up)
  • Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima; broken up)
  • Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu; broken up)
  • Alyosha Popovich (1945–1970; ex-Eisvogel; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island)
  • Ilya Muromets (1946–1979; ex-Eisbär; broken up in 1981)[96]
  • Peresvet (1951–1980; ex-Castor; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)

Other icebreaking vessels

Offshore vessels

The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:

  • Ikaluk (1998–2018; ex-Ikaluk; ex-Canmar Ikaluk; ex-Smit Sibu; sold to China)
  • Smit Sakhalin (1998–2017; ex-Miscaroo; ex-Canmar Miscaroo; broken up)
  • Kigoriak (2003–2022; ex-Canmar Kigoriak, ex-Kigoria, ex-Talagy; broken up)[97]
  • Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–2018; ex-Arctic Kalvik; laid up)[98]
  • SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
  • SCF Enterprise (2006–; ex-Pacific Enterprise)
  • SCF Endeavour (2006–; ex-Pacific Endeavour)
  • SCF Endurance (2006–; ex-Pacific Endurance)
  • Polar Pevek (2006–2022)[99]
  • Hermes (2006–; ex-Yury Topchev)
  • Antey (2006–; ex-Vladislav Strizhov)
  • Toboy (2008–)
  • Varandey (2008–)
  • Vidar Viking (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag)[100]
  • Vitus Bering (2012–)
  • Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
  • Aleut (2015–)[101]
  • Pomor (2016–)
  • Normann (2016–)
  • Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2017–)
  • Stepan Makarov (2017–)
  • Fedor Ushakov (2017–)
  • Yevgeny Primakov (2018–)
  • Aleksandr Sannikov (2018–)[102]
  • Andrey Vilkitskiy (2018–)[103]
  • Nabil (2022– (planned); not delivered due to sanctions)[104]
  • Katerina Velikaya (under construction)[105]
  • Svyataya Mariya (under construction)[105]
  • Aleksandr Nevskiy (under construction)[105]
  • Vladimir Monomakh (under construction)[105]

In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:

Patrol and naval vessels

The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:

Research and survey vessels

South Africa

South Korea

  • Araon (2009–)
  • A new research icebreaker is expected to enter service by 2027[140]

Soviet Union

See Russia

Sweden

Swedish Maritime Administration

Swedish icebreaker Ymer
  • Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (−1959); museum ship since 1977)
  • Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (−1931); broken up)[141]
  • Ymer (1933–1977; broken up)[142]
  • Thule (1953–1998; broken up)[143]
  • Oden (1957–1988; broken up)[144]
  • Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia)[70]
  • Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star)[145]
  • Ale (1973–)
  • Atle class
  • Oden (1988–)
  • First of the new planned icebreakers to enter service in 2027[146]

Trans Viking Icebreaking & Offshore

Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015.

Turkmenistan

  • Mangystau-2 (2020–2021; sold to Canada)
  • Mangystau-1 (2023–)

Ukraine

United Kingdom

HMS Protector

United States

United States Coast Guard

USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10)
USCGC Healy

National Science Foundation

Edison Chouest Offshore

References

  1. ↑ Ilmari Aro (17 November 2008). "THE WORLD ICEBREAKER AND ICEBREAKING SUPPLY VESSEL FLEET" (PDF). Baltic Icebreaking Management. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  2. ↑ Major icebreakers of the world. USCG Office of Waterways and Ocean Policy. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  3. ↑ "Naval shipyard Tandanor to build new icebreaker for Argentina". Navy Recognition. 30 December 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  4. ↑ "Flying the flag over Australia's new icebreaker". Australian Antarctic Division. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  5. ↑ "Kapitan A. Radzhabov (7406332)". Sea-web. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
  6. 1 2 3 Ships of the CCG 1850–1967 Archived 2009-12-17 at the Wayback Machine. Canadian Coast Guard. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  7. 1 2 3 "Canada Acts on Icebreaker Shortage". The Maritime Executive. 6 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  8. 1 2 "SHIPPING NEWS: Halifax's ice-free status nearly on the rocks". The Chronicle Herald. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
  9. ↑ "Canadian Coast Guard announces an addition to the southern icebreaking fleet with the purchase of light icebreaker from Atlantic Towing Limited". Government of Canada. 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  10. ↑ "Canadian Coast Guard names light icebreaker - the CCGS Judy LaMarsh". Canadian Coast Guard. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  11. ↑ "Six New Icebreakers to be Built for Canadian Coast Guard". Naval News. 11 August 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  12. ↑ "Irving to receive $58 million for 'minimal' changes to new Coast Guard ships". Ottawa Citizen. 7 February 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  13. ↑ "Multi-Purpose Vessels". Seaspan Shipyards. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  14. ↑ "Polar icebreakers and the National Shipbuilding Strategy". Government of Canada. Canadian Coast Guard. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  15. ↑ Melanson, Ryan (25 June 2021). "HMCS Harry DeWolf: RCN to commission first new ship in over two decades". Government of Canada. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  16. ↑ "Irving Shipbuilding delivers second Arctic patrol warship to Royal Canadian Navy". CTV News. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  17. ↑ "Chinese icebreaker sails to North Pole, explores remote Arctic ridge". Arctic Today. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  18. ↑ "GUANGZHOU 21110077 (9970351)". Sea-web. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  19. ↑ "中國完全自主研製破冰科考船「極地號」料明年下半年執行任務" (in Chinese). 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  20. ↑ Shipbreaking Bulletin of information and analysis on ship demolition #46, from October 1 to December 31, 2016. Robin Des Bois, 31 January 2017. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  21. ↑ "Cutting-edge deep-sea vessel begins construction in Guangzhou". China Daily. 26 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  22. ↑ Chilean submarine Simpson calls at Palmer Station. Palmer Station. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  23. ↑ "Rompehielos "Óscar Viel" se despide tras navegar lo equivalente a casi 20 vueltas al mundo". Armada de Chile. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  24. ↑ @seawaves_mag (September 21, 2021). "USS Mustin joined Chilean warships Almirante Cochrane, Capitan Prat, Almirante Reveros and Almirante Montt in a SINKEX of icebreaker Admiral Óscar Viel (ex-CCGS Norman McLeod Rogers) during Teamwork South 13-18 Sep. @CoastGuardCAN" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  25. ↑ "Launch of Chile's first self-built icebreaker". PolarJournal. 23 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  26. 1 2 3 Mens vi venter på isen. Maskinmesteren Februar 2009, page 36. Retrieved 2015-10-12.
  27. ↑ "Tidligere Elbjørn-ejer: Vi ødelægger vores maritime kulturarv" (in Danish). TV2 Nord. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  28. 1 2 "Isbrydere blev kaldt 'øjebæ': Nu er køberen afsløret" (in Danish). TV2 Nord. 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  29. ↑ Statslig isbryder solgt – bliver i Danmark. Nordjylland, 8 September 2015. Retrieved 2016-07-02.
  30. ↑ "Turkulaisvarustamon Kiinaan myymä alus matkaa Istanbuliin: "Kaupassa ei ole venäläisiä osapuolia"" (in Finnish). Turun Sanomat. 15 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  31. ↑ La construction de l'Astrolabe a débuté. Mer et Marine, 6 January 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  32. ↑ "Le Commandant Charcot delivered". Vard Group AS. 3 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  33. ↑ "New Polarstern". Alfred-Wegener-Institut. 24 July 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  34. ↑ "DES Stephan Jantzen". Technische Flotte Rostock. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  35. ↑ "OGS, una nuova nave per la ricerca. Verso i ghiacci con la "Ernest Shackleton"". Triesteall News (in Italian). 11 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  36. ↑ Icebreakers: Varma. Freeport of Riga. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
  37. ↑ Icebreakers: Foros. Freeport of Riga. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
  38. 1 2 3 Russia prepares to dismantle first nuclear icebreaker ever. Bellona, 14 November 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  39. ↑ Russian nuclear icebreaker Rossiya taking last voyage along Norway’s coast. Bellona, 11 April 2013. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  40. ↑ Northern Sea Route. Rosatom. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
  41. ↑ "Росатомфлот" начал процесс утилизации атомных ледоколов. Life, 19 December 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
  42. ↑ "На ледоколе "Арктика" поднят российский флаг" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 21 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  43. ↑ "Baltiysky Zavod shipyard delivers Sibir, first serial icebreaker of Project 22220, to Atomflot". PortNews. 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  44. ↑ "На ледоколе "Урал" прошла церемония поднятия флага" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  45. ↑ "Baltiysky Zavod lays down forth 60-MW icebreaker of Project 22220". PortNews. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  46. ↑ "Балтзавод заложил атомоход проекта 22220 "Чукотка"" (in Russian). PortNews. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  47. ↑ "Baltiysky Zavod shipyard holds steel-cutting ceremony for the fifth icebreaker of project 22220". PortNews. 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  48. ↑ "Новые атомные ледоколы проекта 22220 получили имена" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  49. 1 2 "Kapitan Belousov (5181598)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  50. ↑ "Kapitan Voronin (5181689)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  51. ↑ "Kapitan Meheklov (5181639)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  52. ↑ "Moskva (5242495)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  53. ↑ "Leningrad (5206104)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  54. ↑ "Kiev (6424040)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  55. ↑ "Murmansk (6723678)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  56. ↑ "Vladivostok (6822786)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  57. ↑ "Василий Прончищев". FleetPhoto. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  58. 1 2 "Афанасий Никитин". FleetPhoto. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  59. ↑ "Харитон Лаптев". FleetPhoto. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  60. ↑ "Пояр". FleetPhoto. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  61. ↑ "Ерофей Хабаров". FleetPhoto. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  62. ↑ "Ivan Kruzenstern (640380)". Register of ships. Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  63. ↑ "Vlad". FleetPhoto. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  64. ↑ "Семён Челюскин". FleetPhoto. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  65. ↑ "Росморпорт готов заплатить до 26 млн рублей за утилизацию ледокола "Юрий Лисянский"" (in Russian). PortNews. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  66. ↑ "Fyodor Litke (7020085)". Equasis. French Ministry for Transport. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  67. ↑ "Иван Москвитин". FleetPhoto. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  68. ↑ "Semyon Dezhnev (7119446)". Equasis. French Ministry for Transport. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  69. ↑ "Ермак". FleetPhoto (in Russian). Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  70. 1 2 "Tor (5418197)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  71. 1 2 Nordic Yards schedules launch of two MPSVs for Rosmorrechflot’s rescue service for September 2114 (photo). PortNews, 3 September 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-23.
  72. ↑ "Амурский судозавод с опережением графика строит буксир-ледокол" (in Russian). Хабаровский край сегодня. 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  73. ↑ Vyborg Shipyard starts building hull of 21900M icebreaker "Novorossiysk" for Rosmorport (photo). PortNews, 8 May 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  74. ↑ FSUE Rosmorport takes delivery of Novorossiysk, icebreaker built by Vyborg Shipyard (photo). PortNews, 26 December 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
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