Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani, known as Al-Khatim, was the founder of the Khatmiyya sufi tariqa, a sect of Islam, that has a following in Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia and Ethiopia.

Family

He was born into the Mirghani family in Mecca which was one of the most noble families that have descended from the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is the son of Muhammad Abu Bakr who is the son of Abdallah al-Mahjoub who is the son of Ibrahim who is a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The lineage of Muhammad Othman al-Mirghani was verified by Murtada al-Zubeidi and this was further verified by al-Jabarti in his book Taareekh al-Jabarti / al-Jabarti's History part two.^[1][2][3]

1. Muhammad
2. Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatima Al Zahra
3. Imam Hussain
4. Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin
5. Imam Muhammad al Baqir 
6. Imam Ja'far al-Sâdiq
7. Imam Musa al-Kazim
8. Imam Ali al Reza
9. Imam Muhammad al Taqi
10. Imam Ali al Hadi
11. Imam Hasan al-Askari al-Khalis
12. Sayyid Ali al-Muttaqi 
13. Sayyid Mir Uthman
14. Sayyid Mir Ali
15. Sayyid Mir Umar
16. Sayyid Mir Khurd Bukhari
17. Sayyid Ismail
18. Sayyid Muhammad
19. Sayyid Ali
20. Sayyid Abu Bakr Hasan
21. Sayyid Isa Hasan
22. Sayyid Yahya
23. Sayyid Ibrahim
24. Sayyid Ali
25. Sayyid Ahmad
26. Sayyid Hasan
27. Sayyid Ali
28. Sayyid Abd Allah
29. Sayyid Hasan
30. Sayyid Haydar
31. Sayyid Mir Khurd
32. Sayyid Hasan
33. Sayyid Ali Mirghani
34. Sayyid Muhammad Amin
35. Sayyid Hasan
36. Sayyid Ibrahim
37. Sayyid Abd Allah al-Mahjoubi
38. Sayyid Muhammad Abu Bakr
39. Sayyid Muhammad Othman al-Mirghani^[4][5]

Muhammad Uthman al-Mirghani was born in Ta'if and died in Mecca and was buried there in AlMa'alla.

His sons followed in his footsteps after his death, the most famous of whom were Muhammad al-Hassan al-Mirghani, Gaafar as-Sadig al-Mirghani, Abdullahi al-Mahjoub al-Mirghani, Hashim al-Mirghani and Sirr al-Khatim al-Mirghani.

Travels

Al-Khatim's religious journey began in Mecca from whence he travelled to Tarim in Yemen and then to Somalia by sea and to Massawa on the Red Sea coast where he travelled inland into the Ethiopian hinterland before returning to Mecca. On this trip tens of thousands of people embraced Islam including entire clans and tribes.

On his second trip, which started in the Egyptian countryside south of Cairo, he was accompanied by his teacher Ahmad ibn Idris who parted ways with him in Al-Zeyniyyah. Al-Khatim traversed the Nubian lands of the Mahas and the Sakot and went to Kordofan and reached the lands of the Fur people and the Borno tribe. He then travelled to Sennar on the banks of the Blue Nile and to Shendi via Gezira and via the Butana to the Taka Mountain region near Kassala from which he entered into Ethiopia and visited many regions before returning to Mecca.

Movementism

Muhammad Othman AlMirghani AlKhatim's methodology for calling people to Islam, "movementism", was characterized by travelling and being constantly on the move. This was due to the influence of Ahmad ibn Idris whose teachings and contribution coincided with a general, early Islamic renaissance during the Ottoman Caliphate. The customary, long-used methodology for an Islamic sheikh or Imam was to remain in his abode and for people to travel from afar to seek his audience. AlKhatim's "movementism" was the exact opposite of the customary methodology that had been prevalently used by Islamic sheikhs and Imams in his time.

"Movementism" was similarly taken up by another of Ahmad ibn Idris's disciples, Senussi, who travelled to the Maghreb and founded what would eventually become the monarchy of Libya. However, AlKhatim travelled to regions and peoples where Islam was unknown and, if there was any knowledge of Islam, it was through the East African Slave Trade which caused many of these peoples to be hostile toward Islam. Examples of such regions are the Ethiopian Highlands and Eritrea and the southern region of the Blue Nile State and the Nuba Mountains, all of which have difficult terrains and complex tribal systems. AlKhatim, at only 25 years of age, managed to overcome personal physical risk, the harsh geography and the tribal complexities of these lands to call its people to Islam and to set up mosques and Islamic centres of learning which created a link between these lands and the Islamic World. Among his achievements was the establishment of the first teaching centre for the education of women in Sudan. His literary contribution to Islam spanned a wide range of topics from the explanation of the Quran (Taj Altafaseer), through the listing of the Hadith (Fateh Al-Rasool), Fiqh and behaviour (Munjiyat Al-Abeed), Muhammedan Biography (Al-Asrar Al-Rabaniya Fi Mawlid Khair Al-Bareya), Madeeh or description of the Muhammedan traits (Alnour Al-Barraq Fi Madh Al-nabiy Al-Misdaq) to specific writings on many aspects of the Islamic religion. These are estimated to have reached over 112 many of which are yet to be disclosed.

Literature

• Ali Salih Karrar, R.S. O'Fahey, The Sufi Brotherhoods in the Sudan, Northwestern University Press, 1992 ISBN 978-0-8101-1045-8

References

External links

• Country Studies, Sudan Islamic Movements and Religious Orders