Shoguns that ruled Japan intermittently, as hereditary military dictators,[1] from the beginning of the Asuka period in 709 until the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868.[lower-alpha 1] are as follows:
Asuka / Heian periods (709–1184)
Note: there are different shogun titles. For example, Kose no Maro had the title of Mutsu Chintō Shōgun (陸奥鎮東将軍, lit. "Great General of Subduing Mutsu"). Ki no Kosami had the title of Seitō Taishōgun (征東大将軍, lit. "Commander-in-chief for the pacification of the East") [5] in 789 which is less important than Sei-i Taishōgun. Ōtomo no Otomaro was the first person who was granted the title of Seii Taishōgun (征夷大将軍, lit. "Great appeasing general of the barbarians"). Sakanoue no Tamuramaro was the second, and Minamoto no Yoritomo was third person who had the title of Sei-i Taishōgun.
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Kose no Maro |
709 | |
| 2 |  |
Tajihi no Agatamori |
720 | 721 |
| 3 |  |
Ōtomo no Yakamochi (c. 718–785) |
784 | 785 |
| 4 | |
Ki no Kosami |
788 | 789 |
| 5 | |
Ōtomo no Otomaro (731–809) |
793 | 794 |
| 6 |  |
Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811) |
797 | 808 |
| 7 |  |
Funya no Watamaro (765–823) |
811 | 816 |
| 8 |  |
Fujiwara no Tadabumi (873–947) |
940 | |
| 9 |  |
Minamoto no Yoshinaka (1154–1184) |
1184 | |
Kamakura shogunate (1192–1333)
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199) |
1192 | 1199 |
| 2 |  |
Minamoto no Yoriie (1182–1204) |
1202 | 1203 |
| 3 |  |
Minamoto no Sanetomo (1192–1219) |
1203 | 1219 |
| 4 |  |
Kujō Yoritsune (1218–1256) |
1226 | 1244 |
| 5 |  |
Kujō Yoritsugu (1239–1256) |
1244 | 1252 |
| 6 | |
Prince Munetaka (1242–1274) |
1252 | 1266 |
| 7 | |
Prince Koreyasu (1264–1326) |
1266 | 1289 |
| 8 | |
Prince Hisaaki (1276–1328) |
1289 | 1308 |
| 9 | |
Prince Morikuni (1301–1333) |
1308 | 1333 |
Timeline
Kenmu Restoration (1333–1336)
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Prince Moriyoshi (1308–1335) |
1333 | |
| 2 | |
Prince Narinaga (1326 – c. 1337–44) |
1335 | 1336 |
Ashikaga shogunate (1336–1573)
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Ashikaga Takauji (1305–1358) |
1338 | 1358 |
| 2 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshiakira (1330–1367) |
1359 | 1367 |
| 3 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358–1408) |
1369 | de jure 1395 |
| de facto 1408 | ||||
| 4 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshimochi (1386–1428) |
1395 | de jure 1423 |
| de facto 1428 | ||||
| 5 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshikazu (1407–1425) |
1423 | 1425 |
| 6 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshinori (1394–1441) |
1429 | 1441 |
| 7 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshikatsu (1434–1443) |
1442 | 1443 |
| 8 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1436–1490) |
1449 | de jure 1474 |
| de facto 1490 | ||||
| 9 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshihisa (1465–1489) |
1474 | 1489 |
| 10 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshitane (1466–1523) |
1490 | 1493 |
| 11 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshizumi (1481–1511) |
1495 | 1508 |
| (10) | |
Ashikaga Yoshitane (1466–1523) |
1508 | 1522 |
| 12 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshiharu (1511–1550) |
1522 | de jure 1547 |
| de facto 1550 | ||||
| 13 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshiteru (1536–1565) |
1547 | 1565 |
| 14 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshihide (1538–1568) |
1568 | |
| 15 |  |
Ashikaga Yoshiaki (1537–1597) |
1568 | deposed 1573 |
| abdicated 1588 | ||||
Timeline
Tokugawa shogunate (1600–1868)
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616) |
de facto 1600 |
de jure 1605 |
| de jure 1603 |
de facto 1616 | |||
| 2 |  |
Tokugawa Hidetada (1579–1632) |
1605 | de jure 1623 |
| de facto 1632 | ||||
| 3 |  |
Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–1651) |
1623 | 1651 |
| 4 |  |
Tokugawa Ietsuna (1641–1680) |
1651 | 1680 |
| 5 |  |
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1646–1709) |
1680 | 1709 |
| 6 |  |
Tokugawa Ienobu (1662–1712) |
1709 | 1712 |
| 7 |  |
Tokugawa Ietsugu (1709–1716) |
1713 | 1716 |
| 8 |  |
Tokugawa Yoshimune (1684–1751) |
1716 | de jure 1745 |
| de facto 1751 | ||||
| 9 |  |
Tokugawa Ieshige (1712–1761) |
1745 | de jure 1760 |
| de facto 1761 | ||||
| 10 |  |
Tokugawa Ieharu (1737–1786) |
1760 | 1786 |
| 11 |  |
Tokugawa Ienari (1773–1841) |
1787 | de jure 1837 |
| de facto 1841 | ||||
| 12 |  |
Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1793–1853) |
1837 | 1853 |
| 13 |  |
Tokugawa Iesada (1824–1858) |
1853 | 1858 |
| 14 |  |
Tokugawa Iemochi (1846–1866) |
1858 | 1866 |
| 15 |  |
Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1837–1913) |
1866 | 1867[lower-alpha 1] |
Timeline
Notes
- 1 2 The Tokugawa shogunate came to its official end on 9 November 1867, when Tokugawa Yoshinobu "put his prerogatives at the Emperor's disposal" and resigned 10 days later.[2] This was effectively the "restoration" (Taisei Hōkan) of imperial rule – although Yoshinobu still had significant influence and it was not until 3 January 1868, with the Emperor's edict, that the Meiji Restoration fully occurred.[3] On that day, the Emperor stripped Yoshinobu of all power and made a formal declaration of the restoration of his power.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ "Shogun". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
- ↑ "Meiji Restoration | Definition, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-08-21.
- ↑ "One can date the 'restoration' of imperial rule from the edict of 3 January 1868." Jansen (2000), p. 334.
- ↑ Quoted and translated in A Diplomat In Japan, Sir Ernest Satow, p. 353, ISBN 978-1-933330-16-7
- ↑ Friday, 2007:108.
Bibliography
- Friday, Karl (2007). The First Samurai: The Life and Legend of the Warrior Rebel, Taira Masakado. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-76082-X.
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