Military alliances shortly before World War I. Germany and the Ottoman Empire allied after the outbreak of war.
This is the list of military alliances. A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, which are formed for a crisis that already exists. Numerous forms of military and defensive alliances have existed between states since early human history. This is a comprehensive list of the most important alliances.
Legend
| Legend | |
|---|---|
| Active military alliances | |
Before AD 1200
| Years | Name | Members |
|---|---|---|
| c. 7th century–338 BC | Latin League | About 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium |
| c. 6th century–338 BC | Peloponnesian League | Various city-states in the Peloponnese, dominated by Sparta |
| 493 BC | Foedus Cassianum | Roman Republic Latin League |
| 478–404 BC | Delian League | See Members of the Delian League |
| 215 BC | Macedonian–Carthaginian Treaty | Macedonia Carthage |
| 433–554 | Silla-Baekje Alliance |  Silla Baekje |
| 1123 | Pactum Warmundi |  Kingdom of Jerusalem Republic of Venice |
| 1167–1250 | Lombard League | Numerous cities in medieval Lombardy, modern Northern Italy |
1200–1699
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1700–1899
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1900–1999
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2000–present
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Proposed alliances
| Name and description | Countries |
|---|---|
| CANZUK is a proposed alliance between four Commonwealth realms. | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada New Zealand United Kingdom |
| United States–Israel Strategic Partnership is a proposal to make a formal alliance between the United States and Israel |  Israel United States |
| France–Japan Reciprocal Access Agreement is currently being negotiated to finalize a formal alliance between Japan and France.[15] |  France Japan |
| EU–UK Mutual Defence Agreement is a proposal, most notably from the Labour Party, to sign a formal alliance between the EU and the UK.[16] |  European Union United Kingdom |
| Japan–Philippines Reciprocal Access Agreement has been in negotiations due to rising political tensions in the Pacific.[17][18] | Japan Philippines |
| South Korea–Japan Defense Pact[19] is a proposed alliance between South Korea and Japan in response to increased aggression from North Korea. | Japan South Korea |
| Mauritius–United Kingdom Defence Agreement is a proposal to sign a military alliance between Mauritius and the UK as part of an effort to resolve the Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute.[20] |  Mauritius United Kingdom |
| Japan–Philippines–United States trilateral alliance is currently being negotiated in response to increased military build-up by China.[21] | Japan Philippines United States |
| France–Philippines Visiting Forces Agreement is being negotiated.[22] | France Philippines |
See also
Notes
- ↑ See also Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
- ↑ Austro-Russian alliance broke off on 1853.
- ↑ See also Lancaster House Treaties
- ↑ Effectively ended in 1943
- ↑ (Two days only)
- ↑ See also Treaty of Brussels
- ↑ See also North Atlantic Treaty
- ↑ See also Common Security and Defence Policy
- ↑ See also Shusha Declaration
References
- ↑ Treaty of Alliance wikimedia.org
- ↑ "United Kingdom And Ceylon (Defence Agreement) - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Barnes, Robert (2022). "'In the Mutual Interest': The Making and Breaking of the United Kingdom-Ceylon Defence Agreement, 1947–1957". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 50 (6): 1093–1122. doi:10.1080/03086534.2022.2084932. S2CID 249944469.
- ↑ SOU 1994:11 Om kriget kommit... Förberedelser för mottagande av militärt bistånd 1949–1969
- ↑ "Technical Difficulties".
- ↑ Marco Wyss Marco Wyss (22 April 2021). "The Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement | Postcolonial Security: Britain, France, and West Africa's Cold War | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Anglo-Maltese Defence Agreement - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Wall, Michael (31 May 2019). "Hussein and Nasser sign defence agreement - archive, 1967 | Middle East and north Africa". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "MAURITIUS - UNITED KINGDOM Agreement on Mutual Defence and Assistance". The National Archives. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ↑ Houbert, Jean (8 November 2008). "Mauritius: Independence and Dependence". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 19: 75–105. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00054136. S2CID 154753371. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ↑ "TEU 42.7: "If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States."". The Treaty on European Union. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ↑ "Ukraine, UK, Poland announce security pact amid heightened tensions". 17 February 2022.
- ↑ "UK, Japan sign defense deal amid rising concern about China". ABC News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso Sign Sahel Security Pact". Voice of America. Reuters. 16 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ↑ "Japan, France Vow to Enhance Defense Cooperation at 2-Plus-2 Talks". 21 January 2022.
- ↑ "Lammy at em securing a security pact with Europe". 1 February 2023.
- ↑ "Japan, Philippines on verge of VFA defense pact". Asia Times. 18 August 2023.
- ↑ "Philippines' Marcos open to a troop pact with Japan". Reuters. 13 February 2023.
- ↑ "S. Korea looks to revive military pact with Japan upon thaw". Koreaherald.com. 9 March 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Scott, David (7 June 2018). "Britain Returns to the Indian Ocean?". The Round Table. 107 (3): 307–316. doi:10.1080/00358533.2018.1476096. S2CID 158788448.
- ↑ Heydarian, Richard Javad (6 April 2023). "The Japan–Philippine–U.S. Trilateral alliance in the making". The Japan Times.
- ↑ Cabalza, Dexter (3 December 2023). "PH, France eye VFA, deeper defense ties". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
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