The following is a list of monarchs of Arakan, starting from the Lemro period. For monarchs from earlier periods, see List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma.

Lemro (818–1406)

Unless otherwise noted, the regnal dates in this section are abbreviated to the first Western calendar year only although the Burmese calendar straddles the Western calendar. For example, the start of King Khittathin's reign, 380 ME (26 March 1018 to 25 March 1019 CE), is shown here only as 1018 (instead of 1018/19). While Arakanese Chronicles shows the dates of reign of Khittathin are from 818 (26 March 180 to 25 March 828 CE).

Pyinsa (818–1103)

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes
Khittathin 818–828 founder grandnephew of Chula Taing Sanda/son of Sandaku
Sandathin 828–843 brother
Min Yin Phyu 843–873 son
Naga Thuriya 873–904 son
Thuriya Raza 904–936 son
Ponnaka 936–969 son
Min Gyiphyu 969–984 son
Sithabin 984–986 usurper
Min Nangyi 986–1014 son of Min Phyugyi
Min Lade 1014–1034 son
Min Kala 1043–1062 son
Min Bilu 1062–1068 son
Thinkhaya 1068–1076 Chief of the Thet People usurper
Min Than 1076–1090 son
Min Pati 1190–1103 son

Parein (1103–1167)

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes
Letya Min Nan 1103–1109 grandson of Min Bilu/son of Min Re-baya Pagan nominee; 1118 ascension per Pagan dates
Thihaba 1109–1110 son
Razagyi 1110–1112 son
Thagiwin I 1112–1115 son
Thagiwin II 1115–1133 son
Kawliya 1133–1153 son Built the Mahâti Temple
Datharaza 1153–1165 son Historians called him as the "Ashoka of Arakan"
Ananthiri 1165–1167 son

Hkrit (1167–1180)

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes
Minpunsa 1167–1174 brother son of Datharaza
Pyinsakawa 1174–1176 son
Danayupok 1176–1179 son
Salinkabo 1179–1180 usurper

Nyeinzara Toungoo (1180–1237)

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes
Misuthin 1180–1191 son of Danayupok
Ngaranman 1191–1193 son
Ngapogan 1193–1195 son
Ngarakhaing 1195–1198 son
Ngakyon 1198–1201 son
Ngasu 1201–1205 son
Swe Thin 1205–1206 son
Minkhaung I 1206–1207 brother
Minkhaung II 1207–1208 son
Kabalaung I 1208–1209 son
Kabalaung II 1209–1210 son
Letya I 1210–1218 son
Letya II 1218–1229 son
Thanabin 1229–1232 son
Nganathin 1232–1234 son
Nganalon 1234–1250 son

Launggyet (1251–1406)

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes
Alawmaphyu 1250–1256 son of Nganalon Founder
Razathu I 1256–1258 son
Saw Lu 1258–1261 son
Uzana I 1261–1269 son
Saw Mon Gyi 1269–1273 son
Nankyargyi 1273–1277 son
Min Bilu 1277–1280 son
Sithabin I 1283- usurper
Min Hti 1283–1389 son of Min Bilu
Uzana II 1389–1391 son
Thiwarit 1391–1392 younger half-brother son of Min Hti
Thinhse 1392–1394 younger brother son of Min Hti
Razathu II 1394–1395 son grandson of Min Hti
Sithabin II 1395–1397 usurper
Myinhseingyi 1397 usurper
Razathu II 1397–1401 restored
Theinkhathu 1401–1404 brother son of Thinshe
Saw Mon II 1404–1406 nephew son of Razathu II

Great Grandson of Min Hti

Interregnum (1406–1429)

North Arakan

Name Image Reign From Reign Until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Anawrahta after 29 November 1406 March 1408 Ava's vassal
Min Khayi or Min Saw Mon March 1408 early 1411 Hanthawaddy's vassal
Min Khayi per Rakhine Razawin Thit;[1] Min Saw Mon, per Razadarit Ayedawbon[2]
Thray Sithu 1408 [sic] 1409 [sic] Vassal ruler of Ava per Rakhine Razawin Thit';[1] Not found in Burmese chronicles, which say Arakan was not under Ava rule during this period
Letya early 1411 early 1412 Governor-general of North Arakan (Ava's vassal)
Naranu 1412 18 April 1429 Ruler at Launnggyet (Hanthawaddy's vassal to 1421)
Kyaswa 1413 1416 Ruler at Khway-Thin Taung (Ava's vassal) according to Rakhine Razawin Thit';[1] not found in Burmese chronicles

Sandoway (Thandwe)

Name Image Reign From Reign Until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Sokkate early 1411 early 1412 Governor-general of Sandoway (Ava's vassal)
Thon-Ywa-Za 1412? 1436? Hanthawaddy's vassal to 1421
Saw Yin Mi
Saw Yandameit
Baya Minye		 1436? 1437 Co-regents

Mrauk-U (1429–1785)

The reign dates are per the Arakanese chronicle Rakhine Razawin Thit (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931), converted into Western dates using (Eade 1989). (Some Arakanese chronicles state the foundation of the kingdom a year later, 1430. Moreover, the end of the kingdom is given per Burmese records, 2 January 1785. Arakanese records give a day earlier, 1 January 1785.)

Name Image Reign From Reign Until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Narameikhla 18 April 1429 9 May 1433 Founder
Ali Khan 9 May 1433 c. January 1459 Brother
Ba Saw Phyu c. January 1459 5 August 1482 Son
Dawlya 5 August 1482 c. February 1492 Son
Ba Saw Nyo c. February 1492 c. January 1494 uncle, son of Khayi
Ran Aung c. January 1494 c. July 1494 Grandnephew, son of Dawlya
Salingathu c. July 1494 February 1502 Maternal uncle
Raza February 1502 c. November 1513 Son
Gazapati c. November 1513 January 1515 Son
Saw O January 1515 July 1515 Granduncle; brother of Salingathu
Thazata July 1515 c. April 1521 Son of Dawlya
Minkhaung c. April 1521 27 May 1531 Younger Brother
Min Bin 27 May 1531 11 January 1554 Son of Min Raza
Dikkha 11 January 1554 6 March 1556 Son
Saw Hla 6 March 1556 24 July 1564 Son
Sekkya 24 July 1564 7 February 1572 Brother
Hpalaung 7 February 1572 4 July 1593 Son of Min Bin
Razagyi 4 July 1593 4 July 1612 Son
Khamaung 4 July 1612 14 May 1622 Son
Thiri Thudhamma 14 May 1622 29 May 1638 Son
Sanay 29 May 1638 17 June 1638 Son
Narapati 17 June 1638 13 December 1645 Great grandson of Min Bin
Thado 13 December 1645 c. May 1652 Son
Sanda Thudhamma c. May 1652 11 June 1674 Son
Uggabala 11 June 1674 16 April 1685 Son
Wara Dhamma 16 April 1685 20 June 1692 Brother
Mani Dhamma 20 June 1692 20 December 1694 Elder brother
Sanda Thuriya I 20 December 1694 4 August 1696 Brother
Nawrahta 4 August 1696 18 August 1696 Son
Mayuppiya 18 August 1696 13 May 1697 Usurper
Kalamandat 16 May 1697 5 June 1698 Usurper
Naradipati 5 June 1698 17 June 1700 Son of Sanda Thuriya
Sanda Wimala I 18 June 1700 30 March 1707 Grandson of Thado
Sanda Thuriya II 3 April 1707 September 1710 Grandson of Sanda Thudhamma
Interregnum ~2 months
Sanda Wizaya November 1710 April 1731 Usurper
Sanda Thuriya III April 1731 1734 Son-in-law
Naradipati II 1734 1735 Son
Narapawara 1735 September 1737 Usurper
Sanda Wizala September 1737 25 March 1738 Cousin
Madarit 28 March 1738 6 February 1743 Brother
Nara Apaya 6 February 1743 28 October 1761 Uncle
Thirithu 28 October 1761 3 February 1762 Son
Sanda Parama 3 February 1762 1 May 1764 Brother
Apaya 1 May 1764 17 January 1774 Brother-in-law
Sanda Thumana 17 January 1774 5 May 1777 Brother-in-law
Sanda Wimala II 6 May 1777 5 June 1777 Usurper
Sanda Thaditha 5 June 1777 1 December 1782 Usurper
Maha Thammada 2 December 1782 2 January 1785 nephew in-law

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 RRT Vol. 2 1999: 10
  2. ↑ Pan Hla 2005: 240

Bibliography

  • Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
  • Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2005 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
  • Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
  • Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1931). Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan (in Burmese). Vol. 1–2 (1997 ed.). Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.

External sources

  • Charney, Michael W. (1999). 'Where Jambudipa and Islamdom Converged: Religious Change and the Emergence of Buddhist Communalism in Early Modern Arakan, 15th-19th Centuries.' PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan.
  • Charney, Michael W. (1993). 'Arakan, Min Yazagyi, and the Portuguese: The Relationship Between the Growth of Arakanese Imperial Power and Portuguese Mercenaries on the Fringe of Mainland Southeast Asia 1517-1617.' Masters dissertation, Ohio University.
  • Leider, Jacques P. (2004). 'Le Royaume d'Arakan, Birmanie. Son histoire politique entre le début du XVe et la fin du XVIIe siècle,' Paris, EFEO.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.