Francesca Gino
TitleProfessor of Business Administration
Academic background
Education
Academic work
DisciplineOrganizational behavior
InstitutionsHarvard University
Websitefrancescagino.com

Francesca Gino (born 1977/1978[1]) is an Italian-American behavioral scientist.

In June 2023, after an investigation concluded that she had falsified data in her research, she was placed on unpaid administrative leave from her position as Tandon Family Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School (HBS) and as head of HBS's Negotiation, Organizations and Markets (NOM) unit.[2][3][4]

Education and early career

Gino grew up in Tione di Trento, Italy.[1] She earned her Bachelor's degree at the University of Trento, Italy in 2001, and her MS and PhD at Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa in 2004.[5] During these studies, she came to Harvard Business School as a visiting fellow, and stayed on as a postdoctoral fellow after completing her Ph.D.[1][6]

Before joining Harvard University in 2010, she taught at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Carnegie Mellon University.[7][8][9]

Career

Gino conducted research on rule-breaking, which she discusses in her 2018 book, Rebel Talent.[10] She was also affiliated with Harvard Law School's Program on Negotiation, and with Harvard University's Mind, Brain, Behavior Initiative.[11] Between December 2016 and 2019, she served as editor-in-chief of Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.

Gino, the co-author of many peer-reviewed articles, was described by behavioral scientist Maurice Schweitzer at the Wharton School as a "leading scholar in the field" of behavioral science.[12]

Allegations of data fabrication

In or before 2020, a graduate student named Zoé Ziani developed concerns about the validity of results from a highly publicized paper by Gino about networking.[13] According to Ziani, she was strongly warned by her academic advisers not to criticize Gino, and two members of her dissertation committee refused to approve her thesis unless she deleted criticism of Gino's paper from it.[13] In spring 2021, Ziani conducted a replication of Gino's study, failing to obtain any of the effects Gino had reported, and concluding "that there was almost no way the paper’s effect size could have been naturally generated" (as summarized by The New Yorker).[13] Ziani, together with a collaborator, subsequently alerted Data Colada, a team of three behavioral scientists known for investigating faulty research, who had been independently developing concerns about Gino's work since 2014.[13] Later that year, the Data Colada team contacted Harvard University about anomalies in four papers by Gino.[13][14] Harvard subsequently conducted its own internal investigation with the help of an outside firm, which discovered additional data alterations besides the cases raised by Data Colada.[13]

In June 2023, after the internal investigation had resulted in a 1200-page report that found Gino culpable, Harvard Business School placed her on unpaid administrative leave.[3][4][13] As described by the dean of HBS, "[a]fter a comprehensive evaluation that took 18 months from start to completion, the investigation committee—comprising three senior HBS colleagues—determined that research misconduct had occurred."[15] Around the same time, Data Colada published four blog posts detailing evidence that the four papers (all of which had been retracted or set to be retracted at that point), and possibly others by Gino, "contain fake data."[4][16]

The four now-retracted papers co-authored by Gino that were alleged by Data Colada to contain fraudulent data are:

  • Shu; Mazar; Gino; Ariely; Bazerman (2012). "Signing at the beginning makes ethics salient…". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (Retracted, see  )
  • Gino; Kouchaki; Galinsky (2015). "The Moral Virtue of Authenticity: How Inauthenticity Produces Feelings of Immorality and Impurity". Psychological Science. (Retracted, see  )
  • Gino; Wiltermuth (2014). "Evil Genius? How Dishonesty Can Lead to Greater Creativity". Psychological Science. (Retracted, see  )
  • Gino; Kouchaki; Casciaro (2020). "Why Connect? Moral Consequences of Networking with a Promotion or Prevention Focus". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. (Retracted, see  )

The first of these papers had already been retracted due to an unrelated data issue involving Dan Ariely, also uncovered by Data Colada. The other three papers were retracted in response to Harvard's investigation.

Defamation lawsuit

Gino subsequently filed a defamation suit against Harvard, Harvard Business School Dean Srikant Datar, and the three data investigators of Data Colada for $25 million, alleging that they had conspired to damage her reputation with false accusations and that the penalties against her amounted to gender-based discrimination under Title IX.[4] Gino denied having falsified data, and accused Harvard and the Data Colada team of having "worked together to destroy my career and reputation despite admitting they have no evidence proving their allegations."[14]

The lawsuit raised concerns about chilling effects. Open science proponent Simine Vazire raised over $370,000 to help cover the legal fees of Data Colada.[17][18]

On October 10, 2023, Harvard University and Dean Datar filed a motion to partially dismiss the lawsuit, "citing the need for the University to have autonomy in its academic decision-making" (according to The Harvard Crimson).[19] On November 8, 2023, the Data Colada defendants filed a motion to dismiss the claims against them, contending that Gino's lawsuit does not meet the pleading standards for a viable defamation action.[20]

Many Co-Authors Project

Following the revelations by Harvard and Data Colada, the Many Co-Authors Project was launched by a group of Gino's co-authors, a "mass self-auditing effort" (The Chronicle of Higher Education) where over 140 collaborators of Francesca Gino are trying "to collect and share information on the provenance and availability of the data for all articles co-authored by Francesca Gino."[21][22][15] It began publishing findings on November 6, 2023, listing 56 papers that had named Gino as having been involved in data collection, and reporting that for around 60% of these, all the co-authors who had responded reported not having access to the raw data.[21] Behavioral scientist Juliana Schroeder of UC Berkeley stated that she and other collaborators had initiated the retraction of another paper they had coauthored with Gino, citing a failure to track down data for four experiments in the paper and "unexplained issues" with two of its other datasets.[21] Gino reacted by decrying the Many Co-Authors Project for unfairly singling her out for scrutiny, and by accusing one of the involved researchers of falsely claiming that she (Gino) had collected data for one of the papers.[21]

Allegation of Plagiarism

On 24 June 2023, the education blog Extra Muros published an article that compared a passage from Rebel Talent with a remarkably similar paragraph from an article, written by John Dellinger, that originally appeared in Military History Magazine in August of 1998. The author, Bruce I. Gudmundsson, added that this correspondence was one of the many remarkable similarities between Professor Gino's book and the piece by Mr. Dellinger.[23]

Books

References

  1. 1 2 3 Scheiber, Noam (September 30, 2023). "The Harvard Professor and the Bloggers". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  2. ↑ "Francesca Gino - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School". www.hbs.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
  3. 1 2 Quinn, Ryan. "Harvard Dishonesty Researcher Now on Administrative Leave". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Hamid, Rahem D.; Yuan, Claire (2023-08-03). "Embattled by Data Fraud Allegations, Business School Professor Francesca Gino Files Defamation Suit Against Harvard". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
  5. ↑ "About". Francesca Gino. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
  6. ↑ Lewis-Kraus, Gideon (September 30, 2023). "They Studied Dishonesty. Was Their Work a Lie?". The New Yorker. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  7. ↑ Lee, Stephanie M. (June 16, 2023). "A Weird Research-Misconduct Scandal About Dishonesty Just Got Weirder". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  8. ↑ "Francesca Gino Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  9. ↑ "Rose-coloured spectacles?". The Economist. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  10. ↑ Gino, Francesca (May 2018). Rebel Talent: Why It Pays to Break the Rules at Work and in Life. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0062694638.
  11. ↑ "Francesca Gino". Faculty. Harvard Business School. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  12. ↑ Scheuber, Noam (2023-06-24). "Harvard Scholar Who Studies Honesty Is Accused of Fabricating Findings". New York Times. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lewis-Kraus, Gideon (2023-09-30). "They Studied Dishonesty. Was Their Work a Lie?". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on 2023-10-01. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  14. 1 2 Svrluga, Susan (2023-08-03). "Professor accused of faking data in studies on dishonesty sues Harvard". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2023-09-30. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  15. 1 2 Nesterak, Evan (2023-08-30). "Amid Uncertainty About Francesca Gino's Research, the Many Co-Authors Project Could Provide Clarity". Behavioral Scientist. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  16. ↑ Simonsohn, Uri; Simmons, Joe; Nelson, Leif (June 17, 2023). "[109] Data Falsificada (Part 1): "Clusterfake"". Data Colada. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  17. ↑ Piper, Kelsey (2023-08-23). "A disgraced Harvard professor sued them for millions. Their recourse: GoFundMe". Vox. Archived from the original on 2023-10-31. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  18. ↑ O'Grady, Cathleen (2023-10-13). "How the reform-minded new editor of psychology's flagship journal will shake things up". science.org. Archived from the original on 2023-10-29. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  19. ↑ Parker, Adelaide E.; Song, Jennifer Y. (October 13, 2023). "Harvard Moves to Partially Dismiss $25M Lawsuit by HBS Professor Gino, Citing Autonomy Concerns". The Harvard Crimson.
  20. ↑ "Motion To Dismiss of Uri Simonsohn, Leif Nelson, And Joseph Simmons". Court Listener. Free Law Project. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Lee, Stephanie M. (2023-11-06). "Scientists Are Scrutinizing Their Work With Francesca Gino. Here's What They've Found So Far". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  22. ↑ "Main | Many Co-Authors". manycoauthors.org. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  23. ↑ Gudmundsson, Bruce. "Academic Fraud: The Case of Francesca Gino". Extra Muros. Retrieved 11 January 2024.

Further reading

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