This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from Germany. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1] It is relatively certain that 2,500 German fighter pilots attained ace status, having achieved at least five aerial victories.[2]
German day and night fighter pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories during World War II, over 25,000 British or American and over 45,000 Soviet aircraft. 103 German fighter pilots each shot down 100 or more enemy aircraft, for a total of approximately 15,400 victories. Approximately 360 German fighter pilots shot down from 40 to 99 enemy aircraft for a total of approximately 21,000 victories. Approximately 500 German fighter pilots shot down from 20 to 39 enemy aircraft for a total of approximately 15,000 victories. These achievements were honored with 453 German day fighter pilots and Zerstörer (destroyer) fighter pilots and 85 German night fighter pilots (including 14 crew members), for a total of 538 German fighter pilots, receiving the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.[3]
German losses, on the other hand, were very high as well. Roughly 12,000 German day fighter pilots were killed or are still missing in action, with a further 6,000 being wounded. The Zerstörer (destroyer) pilots suffered about 2,800 casualties, either killed or missing in action, plus another 900 wounded in action. German night fighter losses were also high, in the magnitude of 3,800 pilots or crew members killed or missing and 1,400 wounded. Hans-Ulrich Rudel was the most decorated flying ace in the Luftwaffe, primarily as a ground-attack bomber pilot with over 800 vehicles destroyed in addition to his victories over opposing aircraft.[4]
Background
There are a number of reasons why Germany's highest-scoring pilots shot down many more aircraft than the most successful Allied pilots. During the first years of the war, German day fighter pilots tended to enjoy favourable tactical circumstances; for instance, during the Battle of Britain British pilots generally tried to attack the German bombers rather than the fighters protecting them. German combat tactics during this period also tended to be superior to those of the Allies, with formation leaders in particular often having a higher chance of success.[5]
Formal and informal Luftwaffe practices also contributed to the high numbers of victories achieved by some pilots. The normal practice in fighter units was for the highest-scoring pilot to lead formations, regardless of their rank, which placed them in the best position to shoot down Allied aircraft. The German pilots also typically conducted much more combat flying than their Allied equivalents: while the western Allied air forces frequently rested their fighter pilots or rotated them out of combat zones after a certain number of missions or flying hours, German pilots were required to fly until they became casualties.[6]
Accuracy of claims
During the 1990s, the German archives made available to the public, including microfilm rolls of wartime records not seen since January 1945.[7] They show that although the Luftwaffe generally did not accept a "kill" without a witness (in which instance it was considered only a probable and didn't count in the victory scoring process), some pilots habitually submitted unwitnessed claims and these sometimes made it through the verification process, particularly if they were made by pilots with established records.[7] Unlike all of the other air forces that fought during World War II, the Luftwaffe did not accept shared claims, but sometimes it happened. Each claim should have referred to a particular aircraft, but some victories were awarded to other pilots who had claimed the destruction of the same aircraft.[7] From mid-year 1943 through 1944, the OKW communiques often overstated Allied bomber losses by a factor of up to two; these claims existed only in the communiques and weren't used in victory scoring. Defenders of the German fighter pilots maintain that overclaims were eliminated during the confirmation process, but the microfilms show that this wasn't always the case.[7] Stringent reviews and comparisons of Allied archives and German archives show that 90 percent of the claims submitted were confirmed, or found to be "in order" for confirmation, up to the time the system broke down altogether in 1945.[7]
Aces
This along with the * (asterisk), indicates that the pilot was either killed in action (KIA), missing in action (MIA), died of wounds (DOW) or killed in a flying accident (KIFA).
This and the / (slash) indicates information discrepancies listed by Aders, Caldwell, Girbig, Held, Obermaier, Spick, Ring, Mathews, Foreman and Zabecki.
A
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hans Adam* | Leutnant | 11[8] | JG 51 | KIA 12 March 1945 |
Heinz-Günther Hans Adam* | 5[8][9] | JG 26 | KIFA 20 December 1942 | |
Helmut Adam* | Unteroffizier | 12[8] | EJGr Ost, JG 52 | KIA 1 July 1942 |
Hans Adelhütte* | Oberleutnant | 15–20[10] | KG 41, KG 3, NJG 7, NJG 3 | KIA 13 August 1944 |
Horst Ademeit* | Major | 166[11]/160[8] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 7 August 1944 |
Walter Adolph* | Hauptmann | 28[12]/25/24 (+1 in Spain; +4 unconfirmed)[13]/21[8] | J/88, JG 27, JG 26 | Knight's Cross KIA 18 September 1941 |
Gustav Ahlbrand* | Unteroffizier | 14[8] | JG 52 | KIA 22 August 1943 |
Heinrich-Wilhelm Ahnert* | Oberfeldwebel | 57[13][8][14] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIA 15 August 1942 |
Peter Ahrens | Leutnant | 11[9][8] | JG 26 | KIFA 4 March 1945 |
Johann Aistleitner* | Hauptmann | 13/11[15]/12[8] | JG 26 | KIA 14 January 1944 |
Egon Albrecht-Lemke* | 25[13]/18+[8] | ZG 76, SKG 210, ZG 1, JG 76 | Knight's Cross KIA 25 August 1944 | |
Heinz Albrecht* | Oberfeldwebel | 6+[8] | JG 11 | KIA 2 May 1945 |
Vicente Aldecoa | Leutnant | 8[8] | JG 51 | |
Herbert Aloe* | Hauptmann | 35[8] | JG 54 | German Cross KIA 21 June 1944 |
Heinz Hans Altendorf | Oberleutnant | 24[8] | JG 53 | German Cross POW 16 December 1941 |
Rudolf Altendorff | Hauptmann | 29[10]/24[8] | LG 1, NJG 3, NJG 4, NJG 5 | |
Herbert Altner | Leutnant | 21[10] | NJG 3, NJG 5, NJG 11 | |
Ernst-Georg Altnorthoff | Oberleutnant | 11[8] | JG 27 | |
Alfred Ambs | Leutnant | 8[8] | JG 7 | |
Hermann Amend* | Unteroffizier | 10[8] | JG 5 | KIA 5 August 1944 |
Georg Amon | Oberfeldwebel | 9[8] | JG 53 | POW 2 April 1945 |
Peter "Pit" Andel | Leutnant | 6[15][8] | JG 26 | |
Werner Andres | Oberstleutnant | 5[8] | JG 3 | |
Lorenz Andresen | Oberleutnant | 5+[8] | JG 5 | KIA 20 July 1944 |
Heinz Angres* | Fahnenjunker-Feldwebel | 8[8] | JG 3 | KIA 16 October 1944 |
Paul Angst | Leutnant | 5[8] | JG 3, EJG 1 | |
Robert Anlauf* | Feldwebel | 10[8] | JG 52 | KIA 28 March 1945 |
Walter Appel* | Gefreiter | 5[16] | JG 27 | KIA 14 June 1944 |
Jose Damaso Arango-Lopez | Hauptmann | 6[8] | JG 51 | |
Elmar Arensmeyer | Feldwebel | 16[17]/10[8] | JG 51, JG 101, EJGr Ost | |
Heinz Arnold* | Oberfeldwebel | 49/48[8] | JG 5, JG 7 | KIA 17 April 1945 |
Walter Arnold | Leutnant | 8[16]/6[8] | JG 27 | |
Rudolf Artner | Unteroffizier | 20[8] | JG 5 | |
Heinrich Asche | 8[8] | JG 54 | ||
Roloff von Aspern* | Oberleutnant | 19[8] | JG 21, JG 76, JG 54 | KIA 17 November 1940 |
Hermann Aubrecht | Oberfeldwebel | 31[17]/28[8] | JG 51 | German Cross |
Hans-Heinz Augenstein* | Hauptmann | 46[18]/41[8] | NJG 1 | Knight's Cross KIA 7 December 1944 |
Jakob Augustin* | Leutnant | 16[8] | JG 2 | MIA 15 July 1942 |
Hans Autenrieth | Hauptmann | 23[10]/22[19] | NJG 1, NJG 4 | German Cross |
Vdenko Avdic | Leutnant | 8[19] | JG 52, JG 104 | |
Luis Azqueta-Brunet | Oberleutnant | 5[19] | JG 51 |
B
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sophus Baagoe* | Hauptmann | 14[19] | ZG 76 | Knight's Cross KIA 14 May 1941 |
Werner Baake | 41[18]/43[19] | NJG 1 | Knight's Cross | |
Emil Babenz | Oberfeldwebel | 23[19] | JG 26, JG 53 | German Cross |
Otto Rudolf Bach* | Leutnant | 9+[19] | JG 2, EJGr West, JG 1 | incl. 8 heavy bombers[20] KIA 7 August 1944 |
Fridolin Bachhuber* | Feldwebel | 10[19] | JG 103, JG 105, JG 54 | KIA 1 January 1945 |
Friidrich-Karl Bachmann* | Oberleutnant | 31[19] | JG 52 | KIA 4 September 1942 |
Fritz Bachmann | Leutnant | 5[19] | JG 5, JG 2 | |
Herbert Bachnick* | 80[21]/78[19] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIA 7 August 1944 | |
Johann Badum* | 54[22]/50+[19] | JG 77 | Knight's Cross KIA 12 January 1943 | |
Jens Bahnsen* | Feldwebel | 18[19] | JG 27, JG 53 | KIA 19 August 1943 |
Günther Bahr | Oberfeldwebel | 37[23]/35[19] | NJG 6 | Knight's Cross |
Hans-Joachim Bahr* | Leutnant | 8+[19] | JG 2, JG 5 | KIA 13 July 1942 |
Wilhelm Balthasar* | Major | 47 (incl. 7 in Spain)[24]/45[19] | JG 27, JG 3, JG 2, JG 1 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 3 July 1941 |
Fritz Bär | Feldwebel | 8[17] | JG 51 | |
"Pritzel" Heinrich Bär | Oberst | 222[17]/221[25]/220[26]/208[19] | JG 51, JG 77, JG 1, JG 3, EJG 2, JV 44 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords incl. 21 heavy bombers[27] |
Wilfried Balfanz* | Oberleutnant | 10[17] | JG 51 | KIA 24 June 1941 |
Kuno Balz* | Feldwebel | 12[17] | JG 51 | KIA 18 March 1943 |
Herbert Bareuther* | Leutnant | 55[28] | JG 51, JG 3 | German Cross KIA 30 April 1945 |
Gerhard Barkhorn | Major | 301[26]/300[19] | JG 2, JG 52, JG 6, JV 44 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |
Gerhard Barsdorf* | Leutnant | 7[19] | JG 300 | KIA 28 July 1944 |
Heinrich Bartels* | Oberfeldwebel | 99[29]/94[19] | JG 5, JG 27 | Knight's Cross KIA 23 December 1944 |
Franz Barten* | Hauptmann | 52[30][19] | JG 51, JG 53 | Knight's Cross KIA 4 August 1944 |
Hieronymus Bartosch* | Unteroffizier | 13[17] | JG 51 | KIA 21 February 1944 |
Erich Bartz | 30[19] | JG 51 | ||
Wilhelm Batz | Major | 237[26]/233[19] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |
Helmut Baudach* | Oberfeldwebel | 20+[19] | JG 2, EKdo 262, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 | KIA 22 February 1945 |
Alfons Bauer* | Unteroofizier | 5[17] | JG 51 | KIA 8 August 1941 |
Franz Bauer* | Hauptmann | 9[19] | JG 53 | KIA 18 June 1944 |
Herbert Bauer | Major | 11[19] | StG 2, SG 103 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Konrad Bauer | Oberleutnant | 68[31]/57[14]/38+[19] | JG 51, JG 3, JG 300 | Knight's Cross incl. 32 heavy bombers[27] |
Viktor Bauer | Oberst | 106[32]/104[19] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Helmut Bauhuber* | Unteroffizier | 13[17] | JG 51 | KIA 12 July 1944 |
Helmut Baumann* | Leutnant | 38[17] | JG 51 | KIA 17 February 1944 |
Rudolf Beck* | Feldwebel | 10[17] | JG 51 | KIA 27 November 1942 |
Karl-Heinz Becker | 7[33] | NJG 11 | ||
Ludwig Becker* | Hauptmann | 46[18]/44[33] | NJG 11 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 26 February 1943 |
Martin Becker | 58[34][14]/56[33] | NJG 4, NJG 6 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves | |
Paul Becker | Leutnant | 20[16]/19[33] | JG 27 | |
Friedrich Beckh* | Oberstleutnant | 48[30]/40[33] | JG 51, JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIA 21 June 1942 |
Gerhard Beckh* | Oberleutnant | 12[17] | JG 51 | KIA 11 January 1944 |
Franz-Josef Beerenbrock | Leutnant | 117[35]/111[33] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Artur Beese | Oberleutnant | 22[15][33] | JG 26 | German Cross |
Wilhelm Beier | 36[23]/37[33] | NJG 2, NJG 1 | Knight's Cross | |
Hans Beißwenger* | 152[36]/150[33] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves MIA 6 March 1943 | |
Helmut Belser* | Hauptmann | 36[37][33] | JG 53 | Knight's Cross KIA 19 June 1942 |
Karl-Heinz Bendert | Oberleutnant | 55[37]/44[33] | JG 27, JG 104 | Knight's Cross |
Helmut Bennemann | 93[38]/92[39]/89[33] | JG 52, JG 53 | Knight's Cross | |
Anton Benning | Leutnant | 28[40]/13+[33] | JG 106, JG 301 | Knight's Cross |
Sigfried Benz | 6[41] | JG 26 | ||
Horst Berger* | Oberleutnant | 26[33] | JG 5 | KIA 8 May 1944 |
Götz Bergmann* | Leutnant | 16+[17] | JG 51 | KIA 20 July 1944 |
Helmut Bergmann | Hauptmann | 36[23]/33[42] | NJG 4, NJG 1 | Knight's Cross |
Max Bernhardt* | Unteroffizier | 11+[17] | JG 51 | KIA 10 August 1943 |
Heinz-Edgar Berres* | Hauptmann | 52[43]/49[42] | JG 53 | Knight's Cross MIA 25 July 1943 |
Hans Berschwinger* | Oberfeldwebel | 20[44]/12[42] | NJG 1, NJG 2 | KIA 15 February 1944 |
Günther Bertram | Oberleutnant | 35[44]/29[42] | KG 4, NJG 100 | |
Otto Bertram | Major | 22 (incl. 9 in Spain)[43]/24[42] | J/88, JG 2, JG 101, JG 6 | Knight's Cross |
Arthur Beth | Feldwebel | 17[42] | JG 5 | |
Siegfried Bethke | Hauptmann | 12[42] | JG 2 | |
Erich Beulich* | Oberfeldwebel | 10[42] | JG 5 | KIA 14 September 1943 |
Ernst Beutelspacher* | Oberleutnant | 5[42] | SG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 22 July 1944 |
Gerhard Beutin* | Oberfeldwebel | 60[42][45] | JG 54 | KIA 1 February 1943 |
Franz Beyer* | Major | 81[21]/84[42] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross KIA 11 February 1944 |
Georg Beyer | Oberleutnant | 7[46][42] | JG 26 | |
Heinz Beyer | Oberfeldwebel | 27[42] | JG 5 | |
Werner Bielefeld | Leutnant | 21[17] | JG 51 | |
Heinz Birk | Oberfeldwebel | 14[42] | JG 5 | |
Hans-Joachim Birkner* | Leutnant | 117[35][42] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIFA 14 December 1944 |
Emil Bitsch* | Hauptmann | 108[32]/106[42] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross KIA 15 March 1944 |
Helmut Bittkau | Oberleutnant | 11[47] | JG 51 | |
Franz Blazytko | Oberfeldwebel | 30[42] | JG 27 | |
Joachim Blechschmidt* | Oberstleutnant | 17[48] | ZG 1 | Knight's Cross MIA 13 July 1943 |
Günther Bleckmann* | Major | 33[42] | SG 1, SG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 1 June 1944 |
Paul Bley* | Oberleutnant | 8[42] | ZG 26 | KIFA 28 October 1944 |
Günther Blömertz | Leutnant | 10 | JG 26 | |
Walter Blume | Major | 8[42] | JG 26, JG 27 | |
Hans-Ekkehard Bob | 60[48]/57[49] | JG 54, JG 3, JG 51, EJG 2, JV 44 | Knight's Cross | |
Eberhard Bock* | Hauptmann | 28[16] | JG 3, JG 1, JG 104, JG 27 | KIA 28 May 1944 |
Karl Böhm-Tettelbach | Oberstleutnant | 6[49] | ZG 26 | |
Kurt Bohn | Feldwebel | 5[46] | JG 26 | |
Paul Bohn | Oberleutnant | 5[49] | NJG 2 | |
Otto Böhner | Oberleutnant | 5 | JG 53 | |
Helmut-Felix Bolz | Hauptmann | 56[14]/22[49] | JG 2 | |
Eckart-Wilhelm von Bonin | Major | 39[23]/33[49] | NJG 1 | Knight's Cross |
Hubertus von Bonin* | Oberstleutnant | 77 (incl. 4 in Spain)[21]/65[49] | JG 26, JG 52, JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 15 December 1943 |
Hans Boos* | Oberleutnant | 41[47] | JG 51 | KIA 21 April 1943 |
Adolf Borchers | Major | 132[50][49] | JG 51, JG 52 | Knight's Cross |
Walter Borchers* | Oberstleutnant | 59[51][14]/43[49] | ZG 76, NJG 3, NJG 5 | Knight's Cross KIA 6 March 1945 |
Eberhard von Boremski | Hauptmann | 90[52]/88+[49] | JG 3, EJG 1 | Knight's Cross |
Ernst Börngen | 45[16]/41[48]/35[49] | JG 27 | Knight's Cross | |
Hans-Joachim Borreck | Unteroffizier | 5[53] | JG 26 | |
Karl Borris | Major | 43[54][49] | JG 26 | Knight's Cross |
Oskar Bösch | Feldwebel | 18[49] | JG 3, JG 301, JG 7 | |
Wolfgang Böwing-Treuding* | Oberleutnant | 46[55][49] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross KIA 11 February 1943 |
Richard Brand | Oberfeldwebel | 32[47] | JG 51 | |
Felix-Maria Brandis* | Oberleutnant | 14[49] | JG 5 | |
Kurt Brändle* | Major | 180[11]/170[49] | JG 53, JG 3 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 3 November 1943 |
Paul Brandt | Leutnant | 30[56]/29[57] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 24 December 1944 |
Walter Brandt | Oberleutnant | 57[14]/42[56][57] | LG 2, JG 77, JG 3 | Knight's Cross |
Peter Bremer | Oberfeldwebel | 38[57] | JG 54 | |
Joachim Brendel | Hauptmann | 189[11][57] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Heinz Bretnütz* | Hauptmann | 37[58]/32[57] | JG 53 | Knight's Cross DOW 27 June 1941 |
Klaus Bretschneider* | Oberleutnant | 34[58]/22[57] | JG 300 | Knight's Cross KIA 24 December 1944 |
Wendelin Breukel | Leutnant | 13[57] | NJG 2, NJG 4 | |
Adolf Breves | Hauptmann | 18[44]/17[57] | NJG 1 | |
Hugo Broch | Leutnant | 81[21][57] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross |
Wilhelm Bromen | Oberleutnant | 7[59] | SG 2, SG 151, SG 9 | Knight's Cross |
Friedrich Brock | 5[57] | JG 54, JG 26 | ||
Horst Brock* | Leutnant | 17+[57] | JG 3 | KIA 3 November 1943 |
Jürgen Brocke* | 42[60]/39[57] | JG 77 | Knight's Cross KIA 15 September 1942 | |
Hugo Brönner | Oberleutnant | 16[47] | JG 51 | |
Herbert Broennle* | Leutnant | 59[14]/58[60][57] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 4 July 1943 |
Albert Brunner* | Oberfeldwebel | 53[60][57] | JG 5 | Knight's Cross KIA |
Hermann Buchner | Leutnant | 58[61][57][14] | SG 2, JG 7 | Knight's Cross |
Horst Bucholz | 5[47] | JG 51 | ||
Max Bucholz | Major | 28[61][62] | JG 3, JG 5, JG 101 | Knight's Cross |
Alfred Budde* | Leutnant | 20[62] | JG 54 | KIA 27 December 1944 |
Adolf Buhl* | Oberleutnant | 5[62] | LG 2 | KIA 27 September 1940 |
Kurt Bühligen | Oberstleutnant | 112[32]/99+[62] | JG 2 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords incl. 24 heavy bombers[27] |
Harry von Bülow-Bothkamp | Oberst | 18 (+6 in World War I) | JG 77, JG 2, NJG 101, NJG 105 | Knight's Cross |
Johannes Bunzek* | Leutnant | 75[63]/78[62] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIA 11 December 1943 |
Eberhard Burath | Oberleutnant | 6[62] | JG 1, JG 51 | |
Lutz-Wilhelm Burckhardt | Hauptmann | 69[64]/58[65]/57+[62] | JG 77, JG 1 | Knight's Cross |
Alfred Burk | Oberleutnant | 28[66]/27[62] | JG 52, JG 27 | |
Josef Bürschgens | Hauptmann | 10[54] | JG 26 | |
Erwin Busch | Oberleutnant | 8[67] | JG 26 | |
Rudolf Busch* | Hauptmann | 40[47]/27+[62] | JG 51 | KIA 17 January 1943 |
Franz Buschmann* | 10[44] | NJG 1, NJG 3 | KIA 28 June 1944 | |
Heinz Busse* | Oberleutnant | 22[47]/19[62] | JG 51 | KIA 25 August 1944 |
Rolf Bussmann | Hauptmann | 23[44] | NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 5 | |
Erich Büttner* | Oberfeldwebel | 24[47]/21[62] | JG 51, EKdo 262, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 | KIA 20 March 1945 |
Johannes Büttner | 16[62] | JG 51 |
C
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Horst Carganico* | Major | 60[68][62] | JG 5 | Knight's Cross KIA 27 May 1944 |
Georg Christl | 7[69] | ZG 26, JG 10 | Knight's Cross | |
Herbert Christmann* | Oberleutnant | 5[62] | JG 11, JG 50 | KIA 20 August 1944 |
Ernst Christof | Feldwebel | 9[70][62] | JG 26 | |
Emil Clade | Hauptmann | 26[62] | JG 27 | |
Georg Claus* | Oberleutnant | 18[17] | JG 51 | KIA 11 November 1940 |
Erwin Clausen* | Major | 132[50]/100[62] | JG 77, JG 11 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 4 October 1943 |
Max Clerico | Hauptmann | 7[62] | JG 54 | |
Karlheinz Cordes | Leutnant | 43+[62] | JG 54 | |
Wilhelm Crinius | 114[35][62] | JG 53 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves | |
Peter Crump | Oberleutnant | 24[62] | JG 26 | |
Franz Czech | Feldwebel | 60[45]/33[62] | JG 3 |
D
E
F
G
H
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gerhard Haak* | Feldwebel | 10[121] | JG 54 | KIA 25 October 1941 |
Sigurd Haala | Oberleutnant | 42[121] | JG 54, JG 26 | German Cross |
Friedrich Haas* | Leutnant | 74[63][121] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIA 9 April 1945 |
Ernst Haase* | Oberfeldwebel | 8+[121] | JG 302 | German Cross KIA 25 February 1945 |
Horst Haase* | Major | 82[38]/62[107]/54[121] | JG 51, JG 3 | Knight's Cross KIA 26 November 1944 |
Helmut Haberda* | Oberleutnant | 59[121] | JG 52 | German Cross KIA 8 May 1943 |
Wilhelm Hachfeld* | Hauptmann | 11[124] | LG 2, JG 51, ZG 2 | Knight's Cross KIFA 2 December 1942 |
August Hachtel | Oberleutnant | 5 | JG 400 | Knight's Cross |
Joachim Hacker | Leutnant | 32[107]/21[121] | JG 51 | |
Anton Hackl | Major | 192[11]/180+[121] | JG 77, JG 11, JG 26, JG 300 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords incl. 34 heavy bombers[27] |
Heinrich "Heinz" Hackler* | Leutnant | 56[125] | JG 77 | Knight's Cross KIA 1 January 1945 |
Heinz-Martin Hadeball | Hauptmann | 33[23] | NJG 1, NJG 4, NJG 6, NJGr 10 | Knight's Cross |
Anton "Toni" Hafner* | Oberleutnant | 204[11]/203[121] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 17 October 1944 |
Ludwig Häfner* | Leutnant | 52[125] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross KIA 10 November 1942 |
Walter Hagenah | 15[121] | JG 3, JG 7 | ||
Johannes Hager | Hauptmann | 48[126] | NJG 1 | Knight's Cross |
Franz Hahn* | 17+[107]/14+[121] | JG 77, JG 51, JG 4 | KIA 22 January 1944 | |
Hans "Assi" Hahn | Major | 108[32]/105[127] | JG 2, JG 54 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Hans von Hahn | 31[127] | JG 53, JG 1, JG 103 | Knight's Cross | |
Hans Hahn* | Leutnant | 11[127] | NJG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 11/12 October 1941 |
Josef Haiböck | Hauptmann | 73[127] | JG 26, JG 52, JG 3 | Knight's Cross |
Heinz Halstrick | Feldwebel | 11[127] | JG 5 | |
Joachim Hamer | Leutnant | 35[107]/29[127] | JG 51 | |
Alfred Hammer | Hauptmann | 26[127] | JG 53 | |
Karl Hammerl* | Leutnant | 67[64]/63[68] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross MIA 2 March 1943 |
Gotthard Handrick | Oberst | 10 (+5 in Spain) | JG 26, JG 77 | Gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics |
Heinz Hanke | 9 | JG 1 | ||
Günther Hannak | Hauptmann | 47[128] | LG 2, JG 77, JG 27 | Knight's Cross |
Horst Hannig* | Oberleutnant | 98[29] | JG 54, JG 2 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 15 May 1943 |
Harro Harder | Hauptmann | 22 (+11 in Spain) | JG 53 | |
Jürgen Harder* | Major | 64[68] | JG 53, JG 11 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIFA 17 February 1945 |
Hans Hartigs | Oberleutnant | 6[123] | JG 26 | |
Andreas Hartl | Feldwebel | 8[127] | JG 302 | |
Erich Hartmann | Major | 352[26][127] | JG 52, JG 53 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds |
Ludwig Hartmann | Oberfeldwebel | 13[127] | JG 2 | |
Hans-Dieter Hartwein | Oberleutnant | 16[127] | JG 5 | |
Helmut Haugk | Hauptmann | 18[128] | ZG 76, ZG 26 | Knight's Cross |
Werner Haugk* | Leutnant | 9[129] | StG 77, ZG 76 | Knight's Cross KIA 18 October 1944 |
Wilhelm Hauswirth | Feldwebel | 50[127] | JG 52 | |
Alfred Heckmann | Oberleutnant | 71[130]/69[127] | JG 3, JG 26, JV 44 | Knight's Cross |
Günther Heckmann | Leutnant | 20[131]/16[132] | JG 51, JG 1, JG 7 | |
Hubert Heckmann | 5[132] | JG 1, JG 7 | ||
Guenther Otto Heeger | Hauptmann | 90 | ||
Ernst Heesen* | Leutnant | 32[133]/28[132] | JG 2, NJG 1, JG 3, JG 1 | KIA 3 May 1943 |
Alfred Heidel | Oberfeldwebel | 8[132] | JG 27 | |
Joseph Heim* | Gefreiter | 5[132] | JG 7 | KIA 10 April 1945 |
Friedrich Heimann | Oberfeldwebel | 41[132] | JG 51 | |
Kurt Hein | Feldwebel | 8[130] | JG 26 | |
Hans-Joachim Heinecke | Hauptmann | 28[132] | JG 27 | |
Engelbert Heiner* | Oberleutnant | 15[134] | NJG 6 | Knight's Cross KIA 18/19 March 1945 |
Richard Heller* | Leutnant | 22[135] | ZG 26, ZG 10 | Knight's Cross KIA 5 April 1945 |
Bodo Helms | 6 | JG 5 | ||
Horst Hennig* | Hauptmann | 7[135] | KG 77, NJG 3 | Knight's Cross KIFA 7/8 October 1944 |
Eberhard Henrici | Oberleutnant | 6[130] | JG 26 | |
Helmut Henz* | Hauptmann | 6[132] | JG 77 | KIA 25 May 1941 |
Wilhelm Herget | Major | 72[136] | ZG 76, NJG 3, NJG 1, NJG 4, JV 44 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Kurt Hermann | Oberleutnant | 9[137] | NJG 2 | |
Rolf Hermichen | Major | 64[68] | JG 26, JG 11, JG 104 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves incl. 26 heavy bombers[27] |
Hajo Herrmann | Oberst | 9[138] | KG 4, KG 30, JG 300 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |
Heinrich Heuser | Feldwebel | 5[139] | JG 26 | |
Hans-Joachim Heyer* | Leutnant | 53[135] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 9 November 1942 |
Otto-Heinrich Hilleke | 6[139] | JG 26 | ||
Ernst-Erich Hirschfeld* | Oberleutnant | 24[140] | JG 300, JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 28 July 1944 |
Heinz-Horst Hißbach* | Hauptmann | 34[140] | NJG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 15 April 1945 |
Walter Höckner* | Major | 68[31] | JG 77, JG 26, JG 1, JG 4 | Knight's Cross KIFA 25 August 1944 |
Heinrich Höfemeier* | Oberleutnant | 96[39][38] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross KIA 7 August 1943 |
Friedrich Hoffmann* | Leutnant | 11[119] | JG 27 | |
Gerhard Hoffmann* | 125[35]/130[137] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIFA 17 April 1945 | |
Heinrich Hoffmann* | Oberfeldwebel | 63[68] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Hermann Hoffmann | 7[139] | JG 26 | ||
Reinhold Hoffmann* | Leutnant | 66[78] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 24 May 1944 |
Reinhold Hoffmann | Feldwebel | 8[137] | JG 3 | |
Werner Hoffmann | Major | 52[34] | ZG 2, NJG 3, NJG 5 | Knight's Cross |
Karl-Wilhelm Hofmann* | Oberleutnant | 44[141] | JG 26 | Knight's Cross KIA 26 March 1945 |
Erich Hohagen | Major | 56[142] | JG 51, JG 2, JG 27, JG 7, JV 44 | Knight's Cross |
Werner Hohenberg | Feldwebel | 27[143] | JG 52, JG 2 | |
Georg Höhn | 6 | JG 5 | ||
Walter Holl | Feldwebel | 7[143] | JG 26 | |
Kurt Holler | Major | 19[144]/11+[143] | NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 4 | |
Helmuth Holtz | Feldwebel | 56[143] | JG 51 | |
Gerhard Homuth* | Major | 63[68] | JG 27, JG 54 | Knight's Cross MIA 2 August 1943 |
Helmuth Hoppe | Hauptmann | 22[143] | JG 26 | German Cross |
Jürgen Hörschelmann* | Leutnant | 16[143] | JGr Süd, JG 3 | KIA 12 May 1944 |
Walter Horten | Oberleutnant | 5[143] | JG 26 | |
Anton Hörwick* | Oberfeldwebel | 27 | NJG 2, NJG 7 | Knight's Cross KIA 19 February 1945 |
Dietrich Hrabak | Oberst | 125[35][143] | JG 76, JG 54, JG 52 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Franz Hrdlicka* | Hauptmann | 96[38]/60[145] | JG 77, JG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 25 March 1945 |
Rudolf Hübl | Oberfelwebel | 9[143] | JG 1 | |
Eckhard Hübner* | Leutnant | 47[145] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross KIA 28 March 1942 |
Werner Hübner | Oberfeldwebel | 7[131] | JG 51 | |
Wilhelm Hübner* | Leutnant | 62[68] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross KIA 7 April 1945 |
Karl Hülshoff | Oberleutnant | 11[144] | NJG 2 | |
Alfred Humer* | 16[146] | JG 3 | KIA 10 February 1944 | |
Herbert Huppertz* | Major | 68[31] | JG 51, JG 5, JG 2 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 8 June 1944 |
Werner Husemann | 34[147] | NJG 1, NJG 3 | Knight's Cross | |
Wolf-Dietrich Huy | Hauptmann | 40[148] | JG 77 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
I
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hans Iffland | Leutnant | 11[146] | JG 3 | |
Herbert Ihlefeld | Oberst | 130 (incl. 7 in Spain)[50] | I(J)/LG 2, JG 77, JG 52, JGr.25, JG 11, JG 1 |
Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |
Iro Ilk* | Major | 9[149] | LG 1, JG 300 | Knight's Cross KIA 25 September 1944 |
Eduard Isken | Leutnant | 56[149]/44+[146] | JG 77, JGr 200, I(F)/123, JG 53 |
Knight's Cross |
J
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Egbert Jaacks | Oberfeldwebel | 44+[146] | JG 76, JG 77, JG 53 | |
Hans-Joachim Jabs | Oberstleutnant | 50[18]/48[146] | ZG 76, NJG 1 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Ernst Jäckel | Feldwebel | 8[150] | JG 26 | |
Alfred Jakobi | Leutnant | 8[146] | JG 77, JG 5 | |
Erich Jauer | Feldwebel | 12[150] | JG 26 | |
Kurt Jenisch* | Leutnant | 8[151] | JG 27 | |
Peter Jenne* | Hauptmann | 17[152]/12+[146] | JG 300 | Knight's Cross KIA 2 March 1945 |
Josef Jennewein* | Leutnant | 86[52][38]/83[146] | JG 26, JG 51 | Knight's Cross MIA 27 July 1943 |
Heinrich Jessen | Oberleutnant | 6[150] | JG 26 | |
Hans Johannsen | Leutnant | 8[150] | JG 26 | |
Wilhelm Johnen | Hauptmann | 34[23]/33[146] | NJG 1, NJG 5, NJG 6 | Knight's Cross |
Hermann-Friedrich Joppien* | 70[31][64]/59[153] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 28 August 1941 | |
Günther Josten | Oberleutnant | 178[11][153] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Harald Jung | Hauptmann | 20[154] | JG 51 | |
Heinrich Jung* | 68[31]/65[153] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 30 July 1943 |
K
L
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
August Lambert* | Oberleutnant | 116[35]/103[174] | SG 2, SG 77 | Knight's Cross KIA 17 April 1945 |
Günther Landt | Leutnant | 22[174] | JG 53 | |
Emil Lang* | Hauptmann | 173[11][176]/103[174] | JG 54, JG 26 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves 18 in one day |
Friedrich Lange | Leutnant | 7[177] | JG 26 | |
Gerhard Lange | Hauptmann | 5 | JG 6 | |
Heinz Lange | Major | 70[31]/73[177] | JG 21, JG 54, JG 51 | Knight's Cross |
Hans-Joachim Langer | Feldwebel | 9+[177] | JG 51, JG 7 | |
Karl-Heinz Langer | Major | 30[178] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross |
Erwin Laskowski | Oberfeldwebel | 46[179] | JG 51, JG 11 | Knight's Cross |
Kurt Lasse* | Oberleutnant | 39[179] | JG 77 | Knight's Cross KIA 8 October 1941 |
Fritz Lau | Hauptmann | 28[144]/23[177] | NJG 1 | Knight's Cross |
Karl Laub | Oberfeldwebel | 7[176] | JG 26 | |
Bernhard Lausch | 36[177] | JG 51 | ||
Heinz Leber* | Leutnant | 54[180] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross KIA 1 June 1943 |
Alois Lechner* | Major | 45[97] | NJG 100, NJG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 23 February 1944 |
Karl-Heinz Leesmann* | 37[180] | JG 52, JG 1 | Knight's Cross KIA 25 July 1943 | |
Erwin Leibold | Oberfeldwebel | 11[176] | JG 26 | |
Erich Leie* | Major | 118[35]/121[177] | JG 2, JG 51, JG 77 | Knight's Cross KIA 7 March 1945 |
Hermann Leiste | Leutnant | 30[177] | JG 54 | |
Siegfried Lemke | Hauptmann | 96[39] | JG 2 | Knight's Cross |
Wilhelm Lemke* | Hauptmann | 131[50][177] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 4 December 1943 |
Helmut Lennartz | Feldwebel | 8+[177] | JG 11, JG 7, EKdo 262, Kdo Nowotny | |
Helmut Lent* | Oberst | 110[136]/112[177] | NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 3 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds |
Richard Leppla | Major | 68[78] | JG 51, JG 105, JG 6 | Knight's Cross |
Heinrich Lesch | Oberleutnant | 7[177] | JG 5 | |
Heinrich Leschert* | Oberfeldwebel | 23[177] | JG 53 | KIA 10 August 1942 |
Rudolf Leuschel* | Hauptmann | 9[176] | JG 26 | KIA 25 February 1944 |
Erwin Leykauf | Oberleutnant | 33[181] | JG 54 | |
Fritz Liebelt | Leutnant | 15[181] | JG 51 | |
Karl von Lieres und Wilkau | Oberleutnant | 32[181] | JG 27 | |
Frank Liesendahl* | Hauptmann | ~5[182] | JG 53, JG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 17 July 1942 |
Arnold Lignitz* | Major | 25[183] | JG 51, JG 54 | Knight's Cross MIA 30 September 1941 |
Friedrich Lindelaub | Oberfeldwebel | 5[176] | JG 26 | |
Theodor Lindemann | Oberleutnant | 7 | JG 26 | |
Anton Lindner | 73[63] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross | |
Walter Lindner | 64 | JG 52 | ||
Lothar Linke* | Oberleutnant | 28[40] | ZG 76, NJG 1, NJG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 14 May 1943 |
Rudi Linz* | Leutnant | 70[31] | JG 5 | Knight's Cross KIA 9 February 1945 |
Helmut Lipfert | Hauptmann | 203[11]/200[181] | JG 52, JG 53 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld* | Major | 51[34] | NJG 1 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIFA 12 March 1944 |
Wolfgang Lippert* | Hauptmann | 29 (+4 in Spain) | JG 53, JG 27 | Knight's Cross KIA 3 December 1941 |
Stefan Litjens | Oberfeldwebel | 38[184] | JG 53 | Knight's Cross |
Gerhard Loos* | Oberleutnant | 92[39] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 6 March 1944 |
Walter Loos | Oberfeldwebel | 38[184] | JG 301, JG 3 | Knight's Cross |
Ferdinand Löschenkohl | Leutnant | 11[181] | JG 3, JG 7 | |
Fritz Losigkeit | Major | 68[78] | JG 26, JG 1, JG 51, JG 77 | Knight's Cross |
August Lübking | Oberfeldwebel | 38[181] | JG 5, JG 7 | |
Werner Lucas* | Hauptmann | 106[32]/105[185] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross KIA 24 October 1943 |
Max-Hermann Lücke* | Oberleutnant | 81[21] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross KIA 8 November 1943 |
Fritz Lüddecke* | Oberfeldwebel | 51[185] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross KIA 10 August 1944 |
Franz Lüders | Feldwebel | 5[185] | JG 26 | |
Herbert Lütje | Oberstleutnant | 53[34] | NJG 1, NJG 6 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Johannes Lutter | Hauptmann | 12[185] | ZG 1, ZG 76, ZG 2, SKG 210, SKG 10, SG 4 | Knight's Cross |
Richard Lutzka | 5 | JG 5 | ||
Günther Lützow* | Oberst | 108 (incl. 5 in Spain)[32]/105/200[185] | JG 3, JV 44 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords MIA 24 April 1945 |
August Luy | Oberfeldwebel | 5+[185] | JG 5 |
M
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ernst Maak | Hauptmann | 6[185] | JG 27, JG 11 | |
Werner Machold | Hauptmann | 32[186] | JG 2 | Knight's Cross |
Wilhelm Mackenstedt | Oberfeldwebel | 6[187] | JG 26 | |
Anton Mader | Oberstleutnant | 86[52][38]/78[185] | JG 2, JG 77, JG 54 | Knight's Cross |
Heinz Mahlkuch | 16 | JG 77 | ||
Lothar Mai* | Oberfeldwebel | 45[188]/44[185] | JG 51 | KIA 27 August 1943 |
Wilhelm Makrocki* | Major | 9[185] | ZG 76, ZG 26 | Knight's Cross KIA 21 May 1941 |
Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn | Oberst | 68[31][64] | JG 53 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Gerhard Marburg* | Oberfeldwebel | 7[189] | JG 3, JG 4 | KIFA 3 September 1944 |
Heinz Marquardt | 121[35][189] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross | |
Hans-Joachim Marseille* | Hauptmann | 158[36]/152[189] | JG 52, JG 27 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds KIFA 30 September 1942 |
Karl-Heinrich Matern | 12[190] | ZG 1, ZG 76 | Knight's Cross | |
Walter Matoni | Major | 34[191] | JG 27, JG 26, JG 2, JG 11 | Knight's Cross |
Kurt Matzak | Oberleutnant | 16[189] | NJG 1 | |
Willi Maximowitz* | Oberfeldwebel | 15+[189] | JG 1, JG 3 | MIA 20 April 1945 |
Marian Mazurek* | Feldwebel | 34[189] | JG 53 | KIA 9 June 1943 |
Egon Mayer* | Oberstleutnant | 102[29][189] | JG 2 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords KIA 2 March 1944 incl. 26 heavy bombers[27] |
Hans-Karl Mayer | Hauptmann | 39 (incl. 8 in Spain)[191] | JG 53, JG 26 | Knight's Cross KIA 17 October 1940 |
Wilhelm Mayer | Leutnant | 27[191] | JG 26 | Knight's Cross |
Maximilian Mayerl | Hauptmann | 76[21] | JG 51, EJG 1 | Knight's Cross |
Erhardt Mecke | Feldwebel | 10[189] | JG 5 | |
Helmut Meckel | Oberleutnant | 25[192] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross KIFA 8 May 1943 |
Johann-Hermann Meier* | Leutnant | 77[21] | JG 26, JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIA 15 March 1944 |
Julius Meimberg | Major | 53[193] | JG 2, JG 53 | Knight's Cross |
Dieter Meister* | Leutnant | 10+[194] | KG 40, ZG 1, JG 2 | KIA 21 November 1944 |
Ludwig Meister | Hauptmann | 41[23] | NJG 1, NJG 4 | Knight's Cross |
Karl-Heinz Meltzer | Feldwebel | 61[194] | JG 52 | |
Arthur Mendl | 8+[194] | JG 5 | ||
Robert Menge | 20 (4 in Spain) | JG 26 | ||
Karl Mentnich | Oberfeldwebel | 6[194] | JG 27 | |
Hans-Jörg Merkle | Feldwebel | 30[194] | JG 52 | |
Helmut Mertens | Hauptmann | 97[39] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross |
Werner Methfessel* | 8[194] | LG 1 | KIA 17 May 1940 | |
Rudolf Metz* | Leutnant | 10[194] | JG 5, JG 3, JG 4 | KIA 6 October 1944 |
Manfred Meurer* | Hauptmann | 65[136][45] | NJG 1, NJG 5 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 21/22 January 1944 |
Karl-Heinz "Conny" Meyer | Major | 11[194] | JG 26 | |
Eduard Meyer* | Leutnant | 22[195] | ZG 26 | Knight's Cross KIA 31 March 1942 |
Otto Meyer* | Hauptmann | 21[16]/14[194] | JG 27 | KIA 12 July 1944 |
Walter Meyer | Leutnant | 18[194] | JG 54, JG 26 | |
Gerhard Michalski | Oberstleutnant | 73[63] | JG 53, JG 4 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Rudolf Miethig* | Hauptmann | 101[29]/100[194] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross KIA 10 June 1943 |
Klaus Mietusch* | Major | 72[63] | JG 26 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 17 September 1944 |
Wilhelm Mink* | Oberfeldwebel | 72[63] | JG 51, EJG 1 | Knight's Cross KIA 12 March 1945 |
Bruno Mischkot | Leutnant | 7[194] | JG 26, JG 3, JG 2, EJG 2 | |
Helmut Missner* | Oberfeldwebel | 82[52] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 12 September 1944 |
Erich Mix | Oberstleutnant | 13 (+3 in World War I) | JG 1, JG 2, JG 53 | |
Ernst-Wilhelm Modrow | Major | 33[23] | NJG 1 | Knight's Cross |
"Vati" Werner Mölders* | Oberst | 115 (incl. 14 in Spain)[35]/108[196] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds KIFA 22 November 1941 |
Wilhelm Moritz | Major | 44[197]/41[196] | JG 51, JG 3 | Knight's Cross |
August Mors* | Leutnant | 60[68][14] | JG 5 | Knight's Cross KIA 8 August 1944 |
August Müller* | Oberfeldwebel | 49[198] | JG 51 | KIA 6 April 1945 |
Friedrich-Karl "Nasen" Müller | Major | 30[40] | NJG 11, JG 300 | Knight's Cross |
Friedrich-Karl "Tutti" Müller* | Oberstleutnant | 140[36]/139[196] | JG 53, JG 3 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 29 May 1944 incl. 23 heavy bombers[27] |
Fritz Müller | Leutnant | 23[196] | JG 7 | |
Kurt Müller* | Oberlfeldwebel | 5[196] | ZG 2 | KIA 7 April 1940 |
Rudolf Müller* | 94[39][38] | JG 5 | Knight's Cross Died in POW camp 21 June 1943 | |
Siegfried Müller | Leutnant | 10[198] | JG 51, JG 3, JG 7 | |
Wilhelm Müller | Oberfeldwebel | 10[199] | JG 26 | |
Gerhard Müller-Dühne | Leutnant | 5[199] | JG 26 | |
Joachim Müncheberg* | Major | 135[50][199] | JG 26, JG 51, JG 77 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords KIA 23 March 1943 |
Georg Munderloh | Oberfeldwebel | 18[199] | JG 54 | |
Leopold Münster* | Leutnant | 95[39][38] | JG 3 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 8 May 1944 |
Karl Munz | Leutnant | 60[200][14] | JG 52, JG 7 | |
Hubert Mütherich | Oberleutnant | 43[198]/39[199] | JG 51, JG 54 |
N
O
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Heinz Oberheide* | Feldwebel | 10[201]/7[205] | NJG 3 | KIA 8 February 1945 |
Anton Oberhofer* | Unteroffizier | 12[205] | JG 52 | KIA 7 March 1944 |
Friedrich Obleser | Oberleutnant | 120[35]/112+[205] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross |
Walter Oesau* | Oberst | 125 (incl. 8 in Spain)[35]/127[205] | JG 1, JG 2, JG 51, J/88 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords KIA 11 May 1944 |
Walter Ohlrogge | Leutnant | 77[206] | JG 3, JG 7 | Knight's Cross |
Robert Olejnik | Major | 42[206] | JG 2, JG 3, JG 1, JG 400 | Knight's Cross |
Emil Omert* | Hauptmann | 70[31]/55[205] | JG 3, JG 2, JG 77 | Knight's Cross KIA 24 April 1944 |
Theo Osterkamp | Generalleutnant | 38 (incl. 32 in World War I)[207] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross |
Max-Hellmuth Ostermann* | Oberleutnant | 102[29][205] | ZG 1, JG 54 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords KIA 9 August 1942 |
P
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Karl Paashaus* | Oberleutnant | 15[205] | JG 53 | German Cross KIA 22 August 1944 |
Horst Patuschka* | Hauptmann | 23[207][205] | NJG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 6 March 1943 |
Georg Pavenzinger | Oberfeldwebel | 5[208] | JG 51 | |
Hans Peterburs* | 18[207][209] | ZG 76, ZG 1 | Knight's Cross KIA 11 January 1944 | |
Viktor Petermann | Oberleutnant | 64[68] | JG 52, JG 7 | Knight's Cross |
Erhard Peters* | Hauptmann | 23[210] | NJG 3, NJG 4 | KIA 20 February 1944 |
Horst Petzschler | Fanhnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel | 26[208] | JG 3, JG 51 | Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe |
Karl-Georg Pfeiffer | Oberfeldwebel | 10[209] | NJG 1 | |
Rudolf Pflanz* | Hauptmann | 52[211] | JG 2 | Knight's Cross KIA 31 July 1942 |
Helmut Pfüller | Oberfeldwebel | 27+[209] | JG 51 | |
Hans Philipp* | Major | 206[11]/195[209] | JG 54, JG 1 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords KIA 8 October 1943 |
Wilhelm Philipp | Oberfeldwebel | 81[21]/79+[209] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross |
Johann Pichler | Leutnant | 75[63] | JG 77 | Knight's Cross |
Anton-Rudolf Piffer* | 26[212] | JG 1 | Knight's Cross KIA 17 June 1944 | |
Rolf Pingel | Major | 28 (incl. 6 in Spain)[213] | JG 26, JG 53 | Knight's Cross |
Karl-Heinrich Plücker* | Oberleutnant | 42[209] | JG 52 | KIA 10 May 1944 |
Josef Pöhs* | Oberleutnant | 43[213] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 30 December 1943 |
Hans Prager | Leutnant | 16[209] | JG 26, JG 54 | |
Alexander Preinfalk* | Oberfeldwebel | 80[209] | JG 77, JG 51, JG 53 | Knight's Cross KIA 12 December 1944 |
Bela Preisler | Unteroffizier | 6 | JG 5 | |
Rolf Prigge | Oberfänrich | 5 | JG 27, JG 7 | |
Josef "Pips" Priller | Oberst | 101[29] | JG 51, JG 26 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |
Herbert Puschmann | Hauptmann | 54[214] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross |
Q
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wilhelm Quack* | Feldwebel | 17[215] | JG 54 | KIA 8 January 1942 |
Klaus Quaet-Faslem* | Major | 49[216] | JG 53, JG 3 | Knight's Cross KIFA 30 January 1944 |
Richard Quante* | Oberfeldwebel | 49[208]/41[215] | JG 51 | KIA 14 August 1942 |
Josef Quarde* | Fähnrich | 52[215] | JG 54 | KIA 5 March 1945 |
Karl-Heinz Quaritsch* | Leutnant | 9[215] | JG 53 | KIA 14 June 1942 |
Ernst Quasinowski | Oberleutnant | 19[215] | J/88, JG 52 | |
Werner Quast | Fahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel | 84[52][38] | JG 52 | Knight's Cross |
Gerhard Querengasser | Feldwebel | 5+[215] | JG 2 |
R
S
T
U
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kurt "Kuddel" Ubben* | Major | 111[72]/110[32]/93[281] | JG 77, JG 2 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 27 April 1944 |
Richard Ubelbacher* | Feldwebel | 7[281] | JG 2 | KIA 3 March 1943 |
Hans-Joachim Uhl* | Unteroffizier | 5[281] | JG 54 | KIA 11 August 1943 |
Lothar Uhlig* | Oberfeldwebel | 8[281] | ZG 1, JG 76 | KIA 25 August 1944 |
Martin Uhlmann | Feldwebel | 5[281] | NJG 4 | |
Friedrich Graf von Uiberacker* | Leutnant | 7[281] | JG 26 | KIA 6 December 1942 |
Martin Ulbrich | Oberfeldwebel | 35[284]/32+[281] | JG 51 | |
Horst Ulenberg* | Leutnant | 16[285][281] | JG 26 | KIA 12 July 1941 |
Johanes Ungar | Unteroffizier | 5[281] | JG 52 | |
Willy Unger | Leutnant | 21[281] | JG 3, JG 7 | Knight's Cross |
Oswald Unterlerchner | 11+[281] | JG 54 | ||
Robert Unzeitig | 10[285]/9[281] | JG 26 | ||
Ludwig Uschmann | Unteroffizier | 5[281] | JG 54 |
V
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Heinrich Vandeweerd | Oberfähnrich | 6[285][281] | JG 26 | |
Bernhard Vechtel | Oberleutnant | 108[32][281] | JG 51 | Knight's Cross |
Heinz Venth* | 17[284]/14[281] | JG 51 | MIA 16 July 1944 | |
Helmut Viedebantt* | Major | 23[265] | ZG 1, SG 10 | Knight's Cross KIA 1 May 1945 |
Heinz Vinke* | Oberleutnant | 54[34]/51[281] | NJG 1 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 26 February 1944 |
Otto Vinzent | 45[281] | JG 54 | ||
Gerhard Vivroux* | Feldwebel | 10[286] | JG 3 | WIA 25 October 1944 |
Ferdinand Vögl | Hauptmann | 29[286] | JG 27 | |
Heinz-Gerhard Vogt* | Oberleutnant | 48[287]/47[286] | JG 26 | Knight's Cross KIA 14 January 1945 |
Maximilian Volke* | Oberfeldwebel | 36[286] | JG 77 | Remains of plane and pilot found in 2007 near Modena, Italy. |
Heinz Völker* | Leutnant | 9[261] | NJG 2 | KIA 22 July 1944 |
W
Z
Name | Rank | Total wartime victories | Unit | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hans Zacher* | Feldwebel | 6[300] | JG 51 | KIA 17 October 1944 |
Friedrich Zander* | Oberfeldwebel | 34[299] | JG 54, JG 1 | incl. 1 heavy bomber[301] KIA 26 December 1944 |
Ernst Zechlin | Hauptmann | 10[302]/8[299] | NJG 2, NJG 5 | |
Karl-Ludwig Zeddies* | Feldwebel | 7[300] | JG 51 | KIA 26 March 1943 |
Otmar Zehart* | Oberleutnant | 6[299] | Sturmstaffel 1, JG 3, JG 4 | incl. 6 heavy bombers[301] KIA 26 December 1944 |
Josef Zeiner* | Fähnrich | 5[299] | JG 3 | incl. 5 heavy bombers[303] KIA 3 March 1945 |
Alfred Zeis | Leutnant | 53[299] | JG 53 | |
Joachim Zeller | Fahnenjunker-Feldwebel | 6[299] | JG 26 | |
Walter Zellot* | Leutnant | 85[52][38]/84[299] | JG 53 | Knight's Cross KIA 10 September 1942 |
Ulrich Zemper* | Feldwebel | 6[299] | JG 53 | KIA 28 July 1944 |
Emil Zibler* | 35[299] | JG 3 | KIA 5 July 1943 | |
Siegfried Zick | Leutnant | 20[299] | JG 1, JG 11 | |
Kurt Ziegenfuss* | Feldwebel | 6[300] | JG 51 | KIA 22 April 1944 |
Helmut Ziegenhagen | Oberleutnant | 15[299] | JG 76, JG 5, JG 54, JG 11 | |
Helmut Ziehm* | 20[300] | JG 51 | KIA 9 April 1945 | |
Kurt Ziemann* | Oberfeldwebel | 6+[299] | SG 4 | KIA 23 January 1945 |
Heinz Ziemer | Feldwebel | 6[299] | JG 11 | |
Helmut Zilken* | Oberleutnant | 12[299] | JG 54 | KIA 16 March 1942 |
Günther Zilling* | Oberfähnrich | 6[299] | JG 54 | KIA 2 August 1944 |
Herbert Zimmer* | Feldwebel | 20[299] | JG 3 | incl. 1 heavy bomber[304] KIA 20 March 1944 |
Claus Zimmermann* | Leutnant | 7[299] | JG 52 | KIA 29 July 1942 |
Hans-Jörg Zimmermann* | Oberleutnant | 6[299] | JG 52 | KIA 1 September 1941 |
Oskar Zimmermann | Leutnant | 34[300]/28+[299] | JG 51, JG 3 | Knight's Cross |
Dieter Zink | Leutnant | 11[299] | JG 3 | incl. 10 heavy bombers[305] |
Füllbert Zink* | Hauptmann | 36[306][299] | JG 26 | German Cross KIA 14 March 1943 |
Igor Zirkenbach* | Leutnant | 6[299] | JG 27 | KIA 8 August 1940 |
Josef Zirngibl* | Oberfeldwebel | 9[306][299] | JG 26 | incl. 3 heavy bombers[307] KIA 21 June 1944 |
Paul Zorner | Major | 59[34]/58[299] | NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 100, NJG 5 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves |
Franz-Josef Zoufahl* | Oberfeldwebel | 26[299] | JG 51 | German Cross KIA 24 July 1944 |
Gerhard Zschäbitz | Feldwebel | 12[299] | JG 52 | |
Herwig Zusig* | Oberleutnant | 12[299] | JG 77, JG 1 | KIA 19 August 1943 |
Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart* | 69[31]/66[299] | JG 54 | Knight's Cross KIA 12 January 1943 | |
Josef Zwernemann* | Hauptmann | 126[35]/123[299] | JG 52, JG 11 | Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves incl. 5 heavy bombers[303] KIA 8 April 1944 |
Rudi Zwesken | Oberfeldwebel | 45~[308]/23+[299] | JG 52, JG 300 | incl. 14+ heavy bombers[305] Knight's Cross |
Ludwig Zwittnig* | Oberleutnant | 6[299] | JG 3 | incl. 2 heavy bombers[309] KIA 18 April 1945 |
Pilots with more than 100 aerial victory claims
According to Obermaier, 103 Luftwaffe pilots were credited with more than 100 aerial victories.[310] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and list 94 Luftwaffe pilots in this category. The authors differentiate between confirmed and unconfirmed claims. In consequence the following pilots were not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[311]
- Eberhard von Boremski, listed with at least 88 aerial victories, plus two unconfirmed claims, potentially further aerial victories with EJG 1.[312]
- Kurt Bühligen, listed with 99 aerial victory claims, plus nine further unconfirmed claims.[313]
- Walther Dahl, claimed at least 90 aerial victories, plus further 13 unconfirmed claims.[314]
- Siegfried Freytag, listed with 89 aerial victories.[315]
- Friedrich Geißhardt, listed with 93 aerial victory claims, plus eight further unconfirmed claims.[316]
- Hartmann Grasser, listed with more than 96 aerial victory claims, plus six further unconfirmed claims.[317]
- Kurt Tanzer, listed with at least 35 aerial victories.[318]
- Kurt Ubben, listed with 93 aerial victory claims, plus 13 further unconfirmed claims.[319]
- Franz Woidich, listed with 82 aerial victory claims, plus thirty further unconfirmed claims.[320]
Additionally, Spick lists Horst-Günther von Fassong with 136 aerial victories, Rudolf Rademacher with 126 aerial victories, and Herbert Rollwage with 102 aerial victories.[321] Further more, the US historian David T. Zabecki states that Friedrich Wachowiak was credited with 140 aerial victories,[275] and Paul-Heinrich Dähne with 100 aerial victories.[322]
This along with the ! (exclamation mark), indicates the first pilot to reach the 100th, 150th, 200th, 250th, or 300th victory claim.
This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Obermaier, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Name | 100th Claim | 150th Claim | 200th Claim | 250th Claim | 300th Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Werner Mölders | 15 July 1941![323] | ||||
Günther Lützow | 24 October 1941[324] | ||||
Walter Oesau | 26 October 1941[325] | ||||
Hans Philipp | 31 March 1942[326] | 14 January 1943[327] | 17 March 1943[328] | ||
Herbert Ihlefeld | 22 April 1942[329] | ||||
Max-Hellmuth Ostermann | 12 May 1942[330] | ||||
Hermann Graf | 14 May 1942[331] | 4 September 1942[332] | 26 September 1942![333] | ||
Adolf Dickfeld | 18 May 1942[334] | ||||
Heinrich Bär | 19 May 1942[335] | 27 January 1943[336] | 22 April 1944[337] | ||
Gordon Gollob | 20 May 1942[338] | 29 August 1942![339] | |||
Hans-Joachim Marseille | 17 June 1942[340] | 15 September 1942[341] | |||
Erwin Clausen | 22 July 1942[342] | ||||
Heinrich Setz | 24 July 1942[343] | ||||
Viktor Bauer | 25 July 1942[344] | ||||
Franz-Josef Beerenbrock | 1 August 1942[345] | ||||
Anton Hackl | 5 August 1942[346] | 9 July 1944 | |||
Kurt Brändle | 22 August 1942[347] | 5 July 1943[348] | |||
Johannes Steinhoff | 31 August 1942[349] | 2 February 1943[350] | |||
Joachim Müncheberg | 5 September 1942[351] | ||||
Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke | 6 September 1942[352] | 17 December 1942[353] | |||
Heinz Schmidt | 15 September 1942[349] | 12 August 1943[354] | |||
Friedrich-Karl "Tutti" Müller | 19 September 1942[355] | ||||
Wilhelm Crinius | 22 September 1942[356] | ||||
Wolfgang Tonne | 22 September 1942[356] | ||||
Hans Beißwenger | 30 September 1942[357] | 5 March 1943[358] | |||
Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert | 3 October 1942[359] | 25 April 1943[360] | |||
Günther Rall | 22 October 1942[361] | 7 August 1943[362] | 29 August 1943[363] | 28 November 1943[364] | |
Josef Zwernemann | 25 October 1942[361] | ||||
Max Stotz | 29 October 1942[365] | 26 January 1943[366] | |||
Friedrich Geißhardt | 10 November 1942[367] | ||||
Gerhard Barkhorn | 19 December 1942[368] | 8 August 1943[354] | 30 November 1943[369] | 12 February 1944[370] | 5 January 1945[371] |
Hartmann Grasser | 2 January 1943[372] | ||||
Kurt Ubben | 14 January 1943[373] | ||||
Hans "Assi" Hahn | 26 January 1943[366] | ||||
Wilhelm Lemke | 16 March 1943[374] | ||||
Alfred Grislawski | 27 April 1943[375] | ||||
Joachim Kirschner | 27 April 1943[376] | 5 July 1943[348] | |||
Hans Dammers | 5 May 1943[377] | ||||
Wolf-Udo Ettel | 6 May 1943[376] | ||||
Heinrich Ehrler | 8 June 1943[378] | 25 May 1944[379] | 20 November 1944[380] | ||
Rudolf Miethig | 8 June 1943[381] | ||||
Walter Nowotny | 15 June 1943[382] | 18 August 1943[383] | 8 September 1943[384] | 14 October 1943![385] | |
Theodor Weissenberger | 4 July 1943[386] | 25 March 1944[387] | 25 July 1944[388] | ||
Reinhard Seiler | 6 July 1943[389] | ||||
Johannes Wiese | 17 July 1943[390] | ||||
Emil Bitsch | 21 July 1943[391] | ||||
Werner Lucas | 21 July 1943[392] | ||||
Dietrich Hrabak | 2 August 1943[393] | ||||
Karl-Heinz Weber | 12 August 1943[394] | ||||
Berthold Korts | 17 August 1943[395] | ||||
Walter Krupinski | 18 August 1943[395] | 12 October 1943[396] | |||
Günther Schack | 3 September 1943[397] | 13 August 1944[398] | |||
Otto Kittel | 14 September 1943[399] | 4 April 1944[400] | 26 August 1944[401] | 27 October 1944[402] | |
Erich Hartmann | 20 September 1943[403] | 13 December 1943[364] | 26 March 1944[404] | 4 June 1944[405] | 24 August 1944![406] |
Erich Rudorffer | 11 October 1943[407] | 26 July 1944[408] | 28 October 1944[409] | ||
Anton Hafner | 15 October 1943[410] | 16 July 1944[411] | 16 October 1944[412] | ||
Albin Wolf | 25 October 1943[413] | ||||
Emil Lang | 2 November 1943[414] | 14 June 1944[415] | |||
Erich Leie | 6 November 1943[416] | ||||
Joachim Brendel | 22 November 1943[416] | 22 October 1944[417] | |||
Otto Fönnekold | 12 January 1944[418] | ||||
Horst Ademeit | 15 January 1944[267] | 28 May 1944[419] | |||
Egon Mayer | 5 February 1944[420] | ||||
Wilhelm Batz | 22 March 1944[421] | 31 May 1944[422] | 17 August 1944[423] | ||
Heinrich Sturm | 23 March 1944[273] | December 1944 | |||
Heinrich Sterr | 31 March 1944[424] | ||||
Helmut Lipfert | 11 April 1944[425] | 24 October 1944[425] | 8 April 1945[425] | ||
Hans Waldmann | 11 April 1944[288] | ||||
Gerhard Hoffmann | 22 April 1944[426]?[Note 1] | ||||
Fritz Tegtmeier | 3 May 1944[277] | ||||
Karl Gratz | 6 May 1944[428] | ||||
Robert Weiß | 19 May 1944[429] | ||||
Werner Schröer | 24 May 1944[430] | ||||
Walter Wolfrum | 1 June 1944[431] | ||||
Kurt Bühligen | 7 June 1944[432] | ||||
Heinz Sachsenberg | 8 June 1944[433] | ||||
Josef Wurmheller | 8 June 1944[434]?[Note 2] | ||||
Siegfried Freytag | 13 June 1944[436]?[Note 3] | ||||
Josef Priller | 15 June 1944[437] | ||||
Walter Schuck | 15 June 1944[438] | 23 August 1944[439] | 24 March 1945[440] | ||
Helmut Lent | 16 June 1944[441] | ||||
Kurt Tanzer | June 1944[435] | ||||
Rudolf Trenkel | 14 July 1944[442] | ||||
Jakob Norz | 17 July 1944[443] | ||||
Franz Woidich | July 1944[435] | ||||
Günther Josten | 20 July 1944[444] | 17 February 1945[445] | |||
Friedrich Obleser | 21 July 1944[446]?[Note 4] | ||||
Adolf Borchers | 24 July 1944[51] | ||||
Franz Dörr | 23 August 1944[447] | ||||
Franz Schall | 31 August 1944[448] | ||||
Franz Eisenach | 14 September 1944[449] | ||||
Heinz Wernicke | 14 September 1944[450] | ||||
Peter Düttmann | 24 September 1944[451] | 15 April 1945[452] | |||
Gerhard Thyben | 30 September 1944[453] | 23 February 1945[454] | |||
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer | 9 October 1944[427] | ||||
Hans-Joachim Birkner | 16 October 1944[455] | ||||
Eberhard von Boremski | January 1945[427] | ||||
Walther Dahl | 28 February 1945[427] | ||||
Bernhard Vechtel | 25 March 1945[456] | ||||
Ulrich Wernitz | 26 March 1945[457] | ||||
August Lambert | April 1945[427] | ||||
Heinz Marquardt | 14 April 1945[458] | ||||
Adolf Galland | 21 April 1945[427] |
Heavy bomber aces
The Luftwaffe fighter force defended the airspace of German-occupied territory against attack, first by RAF Bomber Command and then against the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) in the Combined Bomber Offensive. In particular, combating the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers, flying in a combat box, posed a challenge to the Luftwaffe daytime fighter force. In consequence, the destruction of a heavy bomber, or the Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box which was counted as an aerial victory—was considered an exceptional achievement.[305] In consequence, the Luftwaffe introduced a point system in 1943 which accounted for the difficulties in shooting down a heavy bomber. Although a single heavy bomber shot down or damaged still counted as one aerial victory, the accumulated points earned a fighter pilot awards, medals and promotions. The point system worked as follows:[459]
- Three points were granted for the destruction of heavy bomber.
- Two points were earned for the Herausschuss of a heavy bomber.
- One point was awarded for the endgültige Vernichtung (final destruction), a coup de grâce inflicted on an already damaged heavy bomber.
This along with the * (asterisk), indicates that the pilot was either killed in action (KIA), missing in action (MIA), died of wounds (DOW) or killed in a flying accident (KIFA).
This and the / (slash) indicates information discrepancies listed by Aders, Caldwell, Forsyth, Girbig, Held, Obermaier, Spick, Ring, Mathews, Foreman and Zabecki.
Notes
- ↑ According to Obermaier on 16 March 1944, making him the 65th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[427]
- ↑ According to Obermaier on 16 June 1944, making him the 80th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[435]
- ↑ According to Obermaier in December 1944, making him the 96th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[427]
- ↑ According to Obermaier in August 1944, making him the 87th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[427]
References
Citations
- ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 241.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 14.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 242.
- ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 44–47.
- ↑ Spick 1996, p. 6.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Caldwell & Muller 2007, p. 96.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1479.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 491.
- 1 2 3 4 Aders 1978, p. 232.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Spick 1996, p. 228.
- ↑ Spick 1999, p. 104.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 81.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Zabecki 2014, p. 1618.
- 1 2 3 4 Caldwell 1998, p. 492.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 321.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Aders & Held 1993, p. 255.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Spick 1996, p. 244.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1480.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1532.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Spick 1996, p. 236.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 83.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Spick 1996, p. 245.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 47.
- ↑ Zabecki 2019, p. 328.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Spick 1996, p. 227.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Forsyth 2011, p. 90.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 84.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Spick 1996, p. 233.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 85.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Spick 1996, p. 238.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Spick 1996, p. 232.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1481.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Spick 1996, p. 243.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Spick 1996, p. 231.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Spick 1996, p. 229.
- 1 2 3 4 Obermaier 1989, p. 86.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Zabecki 2014, p. 1614.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Spick 1996, p. 234.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Spick 1996, p. 246.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 492–493.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1482.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 88.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Aders 1978, p. 233.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Zabecki 2014, p. 1617.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 493.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Aders & Held 1993, p. 256.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Obermaier 1989, p. 90.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1483.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Spick 1996, p. 230.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 92.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Spick 1996, p. 235.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 493–494.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 494.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 91.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 93.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1484.
- 1 2 3 4 Obermaier 1989, p. 94.
- ↑ Obermaier 1976, p. 92.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 95.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 96.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1485.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Spick 1996, p. 237.
- 1 2 3 4 Zabecki 2014, p. 1616.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 97.
- ↑ Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 322.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 494–495.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Spick 1996, p. 240.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 98.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, p. 495.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1486.
- 1 2 3 Zabecki 2019, p. 330.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 99.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 100.
- ↑ Obermaier 1976, p. 97.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 101.
- 1 2 3 4 Caldwell 1998, p. 496.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Spick 1996, p. 239.
- ↑ Obermaier 1976, p. 73.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1487.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 102.
- ↑ Obermaier 1976, p. 71.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 103.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 104.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 496–497.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 105.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 497.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1488.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 106.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 497–498.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 107.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 108.
- 1 2 Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 323.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1489.
- 1 2 3 Caldwell 1998, p. 498.
- 1 2 Aders 1978, p. 234.
- 1 2 Heaton et al. 2011, p. 242.
- ↑ Obermaier 1976, p. 105.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1490.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 111.
- ↑ Obermaier 1976, p. 59.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 112.
- 1 2 Heaton et al. 2011, p. 243.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 113.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 114.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1491.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aders & Held 1993, p. 258.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 499–500.
- 1 2 3 Caldwell 1998, p. 500.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1492.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, p. 501.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 118.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, pp. 501–503.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 119.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 120.
- 1 2 3 Caldwell 1998, p. 502.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1493.
- ↑ Scutts 1998, p. 88.
- 1 2 3 Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 324.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 122.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1494.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 502–503.
- 1 2 3 Caldwell 1998, p. 503.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 125.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 126.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 127.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1495.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 129.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 130.
- 1 2 3 Caldwell 1998, p. 504.
- 1 2 Aders & Held 1993, p. 259.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1496.
- ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1993, p. 300.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 131.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 132.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Spick 1996, p. 242.
- 1 2 3 4 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1497.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 34.
- 1 2 3 Caldwell 1998, p. 505.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 133.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, pp. 505–506.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 136.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1498.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Aders 1978, p. 235.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 137.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1499.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 138.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 49.
- 1 2 3 4 Obermaier 1989, p. 139.
- 1 2 3 4 Caldwell 1998, p. 507.
- ↑ Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 325.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 140.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1500.
- ↑ Aders & Held 1993, p. 260.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 48.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 142.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 143.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1501.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 508.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 70.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 144.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 67.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1502.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 145.
- ↑ Heaton et al. 2011, p. 240.
- 1 2 3 4 Obermaier 1989, p. 146.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 147.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 148.
- ↑ Aders & Held 1993, p. 261.
- 1 2 Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 326.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1503.
- 1 2 3 Caldwell 1998, p. 509.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 151.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1504.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 152.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Caldwell 1998, p. 510.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1505.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 153.
- 1 2 3 4 Obermaier 1989, p. 154.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 155.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1506.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 157.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 158.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 160.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1507.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 163.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, p. 511.
- ↑ Aders & Held 1993, p. 262.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1508.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 164.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Obermaier 1989, p. 165.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 166.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 167.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1509.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 168.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1510.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 170.
- 1 2 3 Aders & Held 1993, p. 263.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1511.
- 1 2 Spick 1996, p. 241.
- 1 2 3 4 Aders 1978, p. 236.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 172.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 173.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 174.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1512.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 176.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 177.
- 1 2 3 Aders & Held 1993, p. 264.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1513.
- 1 2 3 4 Aders 1978, p. 237.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 178.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 179.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 180.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 181.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1514.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 182.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Obermaier 1989, p. 183.
- ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 242–243.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 184.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1515.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 185.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 186.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1516.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 188.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 189.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Obermaier 1989, p. 190.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 191.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 520.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1517.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 192.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1518.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 193.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 55.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 194.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 520–521.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 195.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 196.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1519.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 521–522.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 197.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 522.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 198.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 46.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 199.
- 1 2 3 4 Obermaier 1989, p. 200.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1520.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 522–523.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Obermaier 1989, p. 201.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, p. 523.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 202.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1521.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 203.
- 1 2 3 4 Aders & Held 1993, p. 265.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 204.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 523–524.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 206.
- 1 2 Aders & Held 1993, p. 266.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Obermaier 1989, p. 207.
- ↑ Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 330.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 534–525.
- 1 2 3 Aders 1978, p. 238.
- 1 2 3 4 Obermaier 1989, p. 208.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 50.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1522.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1525.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, p. 525.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 60.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1523.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 209.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 210.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1524.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 211.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 212.
- 1 2 Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 331.
- 1 2 3 Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 213.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 214.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 215.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Obermaier 1989, p. 216.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 69.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1526.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 63.
- ↑ Obermaier 1976, p. 204.
- 1 2 3 Aders & Held 1993, p. 267.
- 1 2 3 Caldwell 1998, p. 527.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1527.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, pp. 527–528.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 220.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1528.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 221.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 73.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 222.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 223.
- ↑ Spick 1996, p. 74.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1529.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 529.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 225.
- ↑ Schreier 1990, p. 179.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1530.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aders & Held 1993, p. 268.
- 1 2 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1458.
- ↑ Aders 1978, p. 239.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1533.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1465.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1531.
- 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 530.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1468.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 229.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1475.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, pp. 243–244.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1534–1535.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 128–130.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 171–173.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 198–200.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 340–341.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, pp. 377–379.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, pp. 415–417.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1304–1305.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1341–1343.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1436–1438.
- ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 230, 233.
- ↑ Zabecki 2019, p. 331.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2003a, p. 220.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2003a, p. 50.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2003b, p. 412.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2005, p. 202.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 98.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 172.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2005, p. 286.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 211.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 546.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 556.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 560.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 552.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 262.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2011, p. 384.
- ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1207.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 245.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 246.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2004a, p. 182.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2004a, p. 185.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 306.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 307.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 218.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, pp. 355.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 309.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 152.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2012a, p. 85.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006a, p. 490.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 499.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 245.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 39.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 41.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2012b, p. 387.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 37.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006b, p. 38.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 154.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 269.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 315.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2011, p. 458.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006a, p. 562.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 484.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 488.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2012b, p. 493.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 155.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006b, p. 158.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2004b, p. 299.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 497.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 393.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 45.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 46.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2010, p. 363.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2011, p. 533.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 127.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 479.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2012a, p. 81.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 480.
- ↑ Mombeek 2011, p. 271.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 271.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 293.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 285.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 175.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 181.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 184.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 186.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 312.
- ↑ Mombeek 2011, p. 280.
- ↑ Mombeek 2011, p. 289.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 176.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 287.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 133.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 90.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 207.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 68.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2012b, p. 487.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 491.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 70.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 65.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 184.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 637.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 638.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 639.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 489.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 489.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 490.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 491.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 278.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 1068.
- 1 2 Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 1069.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 427.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 459.
- 1 2 Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 460.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 280.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 281.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 64.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2012a, p. 501.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 150.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 321.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2022b, p. 383.
- 1 2 Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 823.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 54.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 55.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 56.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2022b, p. 477.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 76.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 534.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 420.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1392.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 40.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 227.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 38.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1085.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1456.
- 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 244.
- ↑ Prien 1995, p. 1968.
- ↑ Caldwell 1998, p. 280.
- ↑ Mombeek 2011, p. 285.
- ↑ Mombeek 2011, p. 290.
- ↑ Boehme 1992, pp. 130–131.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 744.
- 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 217.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2022a, p. 148.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 591.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 592.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 931.
- ↑ Mombeek 2011, p. 291.
- 1 2 Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1104.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 278.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1403.
- ↑ Barbas 2005, p. 368.
- ↑ Barbas 2005, p. 372.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1323.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1324.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 106.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1350.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1405.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 809.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 13.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 72.
- 1 2 3 Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 263.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 263.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1177.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 233.
- ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 237–238.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 394.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 87.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 567.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 99.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 66.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1408.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1235.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 29.
- ↑ Forsyth 2011, p. 75.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 56.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 71.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 855.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 224.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 983.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1472.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 1058.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 117.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1396.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 21.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 135.
Bibliography
- Aders, Gebhard (1978). History of the German Night Fighter Force, 1917–1945. London: Janes. ISBN 978-0-354-01247-8.
- Aders, Gebhard; Held, Werner (1993). Jagdgeschwader 51 'Mölders' Eine Chronik – Berichte – Erlebnisse – Dokumente [Fighter Wing 51 'Mölders' A Chronicle – Reports – Experiences – Documents] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-613-01045-1.
- Barbas, Bernd (2005). Die Geschichte der II. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 2nd Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). ISBN 978-3-923457-71-7.
- Boehme, Manfred (1992). JG 7 The World's First Jet Fighter Unit 1944/1945. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-88740-395-8.
- Caldwell, Donald L. (1998). The JG 26 War Diary: Volume Two 1943–1945. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-898697-86-2.
- Caldwell, Donald L.; Muller, Richard (2007). The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich. Greenhill books. ISBN 978-1-85367-712-0.
- Forsyth, Robert (2011). Luftwaffe Viermot Aces 1942–45. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 101. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-438-3.
- Heaton, Colin D.; Lewis, Anne-Marie; Olds, Robin; Schulze, Kurt (2011). The German Aces Speak: World War II Through the Eyes of Four of the Luftwaffe's Most Important Commanders. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-1-61059-748-7.
- Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
- Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015a). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
- Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015b). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 3 M–R. Walton-on-Thames, UK: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-20-2.
- Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015c). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 4 S–Z. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-21-9.
- Mombeek, Eric (2011). Eismeerjäger—Zur Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 5—Band 4 [Fighters in the Arctic Sea—The History of the 5th Fighter Wing—Volume 4]. Linkebeek, Belgium: ASBL, La Porte d'Hoves. ISBN 978-2-930546-05-6.
- Obermaier, Ernst (1976). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe 1939–1945 Band II Stuka- und Schlachtflieger [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe 1939–1945 Volume II Dive Bomber and Attack Aircraft] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-021-3.
- Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
- Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter (1993). Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11—Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945—Teil 1–1939–1943 [Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11—Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945—Volume 1–1939–1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-21-2.
- Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter (1996). Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11—Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945—Teil 2—1944 [Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11—Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945—Volume 2—1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-24-3.
- Prien, Jochen (1995). Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 4—1944–1945 [History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 4—1944–1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-29-8.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis December 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis Dezember 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2010). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-95-3.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2011). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1 bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-00-0.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012c). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-07-9.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/I—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/I—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-26-0.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/II—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/II—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-28-4.
- Ring, Hans; Girbig, Werner (1994) [1971]. Jagdgeschwader 27 Die Dokumentation über den Einsatz an allen Fronten 1939–1945 [Jagdgeschwader 27 The Documentation on the Deployment on all Fronts from 1939 to 1945] (in German) (8th ed.). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87943-215-8.
- Schreier, Hans (1990). JG 52 Das erfolgreichste Jagdgeschwader des 2. Weltkriegs [JG 52 The Most Successful Fighter Wing of World War II] (in German). Berg am See: K. Vowinckel. ISBN 978-3-921655-66-5.
- Scutts, Jerry (1998). German Night Fighter Aces of World War 2. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 20. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-696-5.
- Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
- Spick, Mike (1999). The Complete Fighter Ace - All the World's Fighter Aces, 1914–2000. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-374-0.
- Zabecki, David T., ed. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-981-3.
- Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.