Tropical Cyclone Cliff
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Aus scale)
Tropical Storm (SSHWS)
Tropical Cyclone Cliff at peak
FormedApril 1, 2007 (2007-04-01)
DissipatedApril 6, 2007 (2007-04-06)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 100 km/h (65 mph)
1-minute sustained: 100 km/h (65 mph)
Lowest pressure980 hPa (mbar); 28.94 inHg
Fatalities1 direct, 3 indirect
Damage$4.0 million (2007 USD)
Areas affectedFiji and Tonga
Part of the 2006–07 South Pacific cyclone season

Tropical Cyclone Cliff was first noted as a weak tropical disturbance on April 1, 2007, within a trough of low pressure about 210 km (130 mi) to the southwest of Rotuma. Over the next couple of days the system drifted towards the southeast and Fiji, in an area of strong wind shear. During April 3, the system slightly accelerated, as it moved towards the south-southeast before the westerly wind shear around the system relaxed sufficiently to allow the depression to consolidate while it was located near Vanua Levu.

Early on April 4, the depression moved around the northeastern tip of Vanua Levu as bands of atmospheric convection rapidly developed and wrapped into the low level circulation center.[1] At 0300 UTC while the system was located about 95 km (60 mi) to the south-southeast of Labasa, RSMC Nadi named the depression, Cliff after the system had developed into a category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1] This was despite gale force winds not being present near the systems center, as required by the tropical cyclone operational plan for the region.[1][2] After Cliff had been named gale-force winds rapidly developed near the center, as it continued to intensify and accelerate towards the south-southeast through the Lau group of islands.[1] At around 0900 UTC on April 4, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 23P as it became a tropical storm.[3] Over the next 24 hours Cliff continued to intensify, before the JTWC and RSMC Nadi reported during the next day, that Cliff had reached its peak intensity with sustained wind-speeds of 100 km/h (65 mph).[1][4] After peaking in intensity, the system subsequently accelerated further towards the southeast and into an area of cooler seas and higher wind shear.[5][1] This subsequently caused Cliff to become an extratropical cyclone during February 6, before the system was last noted later that day as it merged with a mid-latitude frontal boundary.[5][1]

Cyclone Cliff was responsible for one death. In the wake of the storm, an outbreak of typhoid and leptospirosis infected 99 people and killed three across Fiji.[6]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On April 1, 2007, the Fiji Meteorological Service's Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, Fiji (RSMC Nadi) reported that a weak tropical disturbance had developed, along a slow moving trough of low pressure about 210 km (130 mi) to the southwest of Rotuma.[1][7] Over the next couple of days the system drifted towards the southeast and Fiji, in an area of strong westerly wind shear to the south of a ridge axis.[1] Early on April 3, RSMC Nadi initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Depression 14F, while it was located about 175 km (110 mi) to the north of Labasa, on Vanua Levu.[1][5] During that day the system slightly accelerated, as it moved towards the south-southeast.[1] Later that day RSMC Nadi reported that the system's low-level circulation was exposed to the northwest of the deep convection, which was moving over northeastern Vanua Levu, Cikobia and other smaller islands.[1] The westerly wind shear around the system subsequently relaxed sufficiently, which allowed the depression to consolidate and the low-level circulation center to move closer to the area of deep convection.[1]

Early on April 4, the depression moved around the northeastern tip of Vanua Levu as bands of atmospheric convection rapidly developed and wrapped into the low-level circulation center.[1] At 0300 UTC while the system was located about 95 km (60 mi) to the south-southeast of Labasa, RSMC Nadi named the depression, Cliff after the system had developed into a category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1] This was despite gale-force winds not being present near the system's center, as required by the tropical cyclone operational plan for the region.[1][2] After Cliff had been named gale-force winds rapidly developed near the center, as it continued to intensify and accelerate towards the south-southeast through the Lau group of islands.[1] At around 0900 UTC on April 4, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 23P as it became a tropical storm.[3] Over the next 24 hours Cliff continued to intensify, before the JTWC and RSMC Nadi reported during the next day that Cliff had reached its peak intensity with sustained wind-speeds of 100 km/h (65 mph).[1][4] After peaking in intensity, the system subsequently accelerated further towards the southeast and into an area of cooler seas and higher wind shear.[1][5] This subsequently caused Cliff to become an extratropical cyclone during February 6, before the system was last noted later that day as it merged with a mid-latitude frontal boundary.[1][5]

Preparations and impact

Fiji

Early on April 4, after the system had been named Cliff and started to impact Fiji, RSMC Nadi issued gale warnings for Eastern Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Naitaba, Yacata, Kanacea, Vanua Balavu as well as Vatu Vara.[8]

Cyclone Cliff's main impact on Fiji was to bring further flooding to the northern parts of Fiji which had already been flooded three times during the cyclone season.[9] Cyclone Cliff was also responsible for a landslide which crashed into a Primary School near Udu Point in the eastern part of Vanua Levu.[10] However the 30 Students inside the school at the time all escaped any serious injuries as they fled to safety.[10]

Cyclone Cliff was also responsible for flooded roads, minor damage to buildings as well as cut water supplies in eastern parts of Vanua Levu as well as on Taveuni Island.[9] The people of Taveuni reported the loss of unaccountable acres of crops as the developing cyclone passed close to the island.[9] Extensive damage was also reported in other parts of the Fijian archipelago including damaged crops & Trees as well as roofs being damaged.[10] Cyclone Cliff was also indirectly responsible for one death in Fiji when a woman was swept from a flooded bridge.[10] It is not known how much damage Cyclone Cliff caused.[9]

Tonga

Late on April 4, RSMC Nadi in conjunction with the Tonga Meteorological Service (TMS) issued a tropical cyclone alert for the islands of Tongatapu and Eu'a and a strong wind warning for central Tonga.[8] A gale warning was subsequently issued during the next day for Tongatapu and Eu'a but were cancelled later that day after the system had started moving away from Tonga.[11]

There was no damage reported in Southern Tonga.[9] However the Tonga's Meteorological Service based in Fua’amotu experienced a power failure on April 4 at 2200 UTC.[12] The standby power could not be restored so therefore operations were shifted to the National Emergency Operations Centre in Nukuʻalofa which is the back up for the Met Service.[12] The National Emergency Operations Centre continued to issue cyclone warnings until the threat posed by Cliff had passed. This was despite the met service being able to continue to operate on a mobile generator.[12]

Retirement

During 2008 RSMC Nadi put a request forward to the World Meteorological Organizations, RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee to have the name Cliff retired. This request was accepted with the name being replaced by Chip.[13]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 RSMC Nadi - Tropical Cyclone Center. Tropical Cyclone Season Summary 2006–07 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  2. 1 2 RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (2006). "Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  3. 1 2 Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Tropical Cyclone 23P (Cliff) Warning 1 April 4, 2007 09z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  4. 1 2 Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Tropical Cyclone 23P (Cliff) best track analysis". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Padgett, Gary (2007). Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary: April 2007 (Report). Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  6. ↑ "Three dead in Fiji disease outbreak". New Zealand Herald. April 19, 2007.
  7. ↑ Climate Services Division (May 16, 2007). Fiji Islands Climate Summary April 2007 Volume 28 Issue 4 (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  8. 1 2 "Tropical Cyclone Advisories on 04-04-07". RSMC Nadi. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary April 2007". Gary Padgett. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Cyclone Cliff hits Fiji". The Age. 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
  11. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Advisories on 05-04-07". RSMC Nadi. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
  12. 1 2 3 "Review of the 2006-07 & 2007-08 Tropical Cyclone Seasons (Tonga)". World Meteorological Organization. 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  13. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone names". WMO. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
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