Bystřice
Bystrzyca
Municipality
Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
Flag of Bystřice
Flag
Coat of arms of Bystřice
Coat of arms
Bystřice is located in Czech Republic
Bystřice
Bystřice
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°38′8″N 18°43′51″E / 49.63556°N 18.73083°E / 49.63556; 18.73083
Country Czech Republic
RegionMoravian-Silesian
DistrictFrýdek-Místek
First mentioned1423
Government
 • MayorRoman Wróbel
Area
 • Total16.09 km2 (6.21 sq mi)
Elevation
340 m (1,120 ft)
Population
 (2023-01-01)[1]
 • Total5,291
 • Density330/km2 (850/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
739 95
Websitewww.bystrice.cz

Bystřice (Polish: Bystrzycaⓘ, German: Bistrzitz) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,300 inhabitants, which makes it the most populous municipality in the country without the town status. The municipality has a significant Polish minority.

Etymology

The name is derived from the Slavic word bystry, bystrý, i.e. "fast, rapid" (flow of a river or stream).

Geography

View from the north

Bystřice is located about 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Frýdek-Místek and 36 km (22 mi) southeast of Ostrava. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The Hluchová Creek flows to the Olza River in the municipality. The southwestern part of the municipality lies in the Jablunkov Furrow and the southeastern part in the Silesian Beskids. In the north the territory extends into the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The highest point of the municipality is near the peak of Loučka, at 830 m (2,720 ft) above sea level.

History

Bystřice was probably founded at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. The first written mention of Bystřice is in a deed of Bolesław I, Duke of Cieszyn from 1423. Politically it belonged to the Duchy of Teschen. By the end of the 15th century, the first stage of colonization took place. Forests were cut down, fields established, and cattle breeding and pastoralism began.[2]

After the 1540s Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic church was taken over by Lutherans. Local Protestants built there a wooden church in 1587. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 21 March 1654.[3] In spite of being bereft of place of worship many of the local inhabitants remained to be Lutherans. After issuing the Patent of Toleration in 1781 they subsequently organized a local Lutheran parish as one of over ten in the region.[4]

Settlers have lived mainly off farming and pastures. After the construction of Třinec Iron and Steel Works in 1839, some of villagers went to work there.[2]

After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political district of Cieszyn and the legal district of Jablunkov. According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the municipality grew from 1,933 in 1880 to 2,442 in 1910 with the majority being native Polish-speakers (between 98.2% and 98.9%) accompanied by German-speaking (at most 1.7% in 1900) and Czech-speaking people (at most 0.5% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Protestants (88.2%), followed by Roman Catholics (10.9%) and Jews (0.9%).[5]

After World War I, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Trans-Olza region it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship.[6] It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

Demographics

Polish minority makes up 21.3% of the population.[7]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18691,745—    
18801,933+10.8%
18902,009+3.9%
19002,243+11.6%
19102,442+8.9%
YearPop.±%
19212,668+9.3%
19303,552+33.1%
19503,794+6.8%
19614,250+12.0%
19704,403+3.6%
YearPop.±%
19804,795+8.9%
19914,859+1.3%
20014,991+2.7%
20115,197+4.1%
20215,175−0.4%
Source: Censuses[8][9]

Sights

Lutheran church

There are two historic landmarks in Bystřice. The Lutheran church was built in 1811. The tower was added after 1848.[10]

The Catholic wooden Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross was built in 1897. It replaced the dilapidated church from the 16th century. The Renaissance winged altar dates from 1588.[11]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Bystřice is twinned with:[12][13]

References

  1. ↑ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2023". Czech Statistical Office. 2023-05-23.
  2. 1 2 "Bystřice v proměnách času" (in Czech). Obec Bystřice. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  3. ↑ Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. pp. 259–260. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.
  4. ↑ Michejda, Karol (1992). "Dzieje Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim (od Reformacji do roku 1909)". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. pp. 144–145. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.
  5. ↑ Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 266, 284.
  6. ↑ "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). Katowice. nr 18/1938, poz. 35. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  7. ↑ "Population Census 2021: Population by selected ethnicity". Public database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  8. ↑ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Frýdek-Místek" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 1–2.
  9. ↑ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  10. ↑ "Současnost" (in Czech). Obec Bystřice. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  11. ↑ "Dřevěný kostel Povýšení sv. Kříže v Bystřici" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  12. ↑ "Družobné mestá a obce" (in Slovak). Obec Svodín. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  13. ↑ "Gminy partnerskie" (in Polish). Gmina Goleszów. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
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