| Banu Hashim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) | |
|---|---|
| Qurayshi Arab clan | |
| Ethnicity | Arab |
| Nisba | al-Hashimi |
| Location | Mecca, Hejaz Middle East, South Asia, North Africa, Horn of Africa |
| Descended from | Hashim ibn Abd Manaf |
| Parent tribe | Quraysh |
| Branches | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Part of a series on |
| Muhammad |
|---|
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The Banū Hāshim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which Muhammad belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.
Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as Hashimids, Hashimites, or Hashemites, and often carry the surname al-Hāshimī. These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of Sharīf (often synonymous to Sayyid).[1]
From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule.[2] Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the Abbasids (ruled from Baghdad 750–945; held the caliphate without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in Cairo), the Fatimids (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the Alaouit (rulers of Morocco, 1631–present), and the Hashemites (rulers of Jordan, 1921–present).[3]
History
Traditionally, the tribe is named after Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. He was married to Salma bint Amr of the Banu Najjar, an Azdi clan.[4][5]
Amongst pre-Islamic Arabs, people classified themselves according to their tribe, their clan, and then their house/family. There were two major tribal kinds: the Adnanites (descended from Adnan, traditional ancestor of the Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia) and the Qahtanites (originating from Qahtan, the traditional ancestor of the Arabs of southern and south eastern Arabia).[6][7] Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe,[8] and is an Adnanite tribe. It derives its name from Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Muhammad, and along with the Banu Abd-Shams, Banu Al-Muttalib, and Banu Nawfal clans comprises the Banu Abd al-Manaf section of the Quraysh.
Dynasties
The following Royal and Imperial dynasties claim descent from Hashim:
Europe
- Hummudid Dynasty (through Idris ibn Abdullah)
Arabia
- Hashemite Dynasty (through Qatadah ibn Idris)[9]
- Abbasid dynasty of the Abbasid Caliphate (through Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib)[10]
- Abbasids of Cairo, the ceremonial heads of Mamluk Sultanate from 1261 to 1517. (descendant of Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Hakim)
- Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Empire including the later Agha Khans. (through Ismail ibn Jafar)[11]
- Rassid Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Hassan al Muthanna)[12]
- Mutawakkilite Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Hassan al Muthanna as cadets of the Rassid Dynasty)[12]
Africa
- 'Alawi dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyah bin Abdullah al-Kamal)[9]
- Sa'di dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyah bin Abdullah al-Kamal)[9]
- Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (through Idris ibn Abdullah)[12]
- Senussi Dynasty of Libya (through Idris ibn Abdullah as cadets of the Idrisid Dynasty)
- Ishaqids:
- Tolje'lo Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)[13]
- Guled Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)[13]
- Ainanshe Dynasty of the Habr Yunis Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)[13]
- Daaroods:
- Gerad Dynasty of the Warsangali Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jeberti)
- Majeerteen Dynasty of the Majeerteen Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti)
- Bah Yaqub Dynasty of the Hobyo Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti)
Ogaden Dynasty of the Ogaden Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti) - Asharaf clan of Somalia benadiri region (through Ali ibn Abi Talib's children Hasan& Husayn)
Indo-Persia
- Alids of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana)
- Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan (through Zayd ibn Ali)[9]
- Barha Dynasty Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through Zayd ibn Ali)[14]
- The Agha Khans (Through Ismail ibn Jafar as cadets of the Fatimid Dynasty)[15]
- Mirs of Rajhat (Through Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin)[16]
- Sabzwari Dynasty (through Ali al Reza)[17]
- Najafi Dynasty of Bengal. Including the later Nawabs of Murshidabad and the Tabatabai family of Iran (through Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail al Dibaj)
East Asia
- Sultans of Siak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)[18]
- Bendahara Dynasty of Pahang and Terengannu (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
- Bolkiah Dynasty of Brunei (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
- Jamal al layl dynasty of Perak and Perlis (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
- Sultans of Pontianak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)[18]
- House of Temenggong of Johor (as cadet branches of Bendahara Dynasty)
Family tree
| Kilab ibn Murrah | Fatimah bint Sa'd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zuhrah ibn Kilab (progenitor of Banu Zuhrah) maternal great-great-grandfather | Qusai ibn Kilab paternal great-great-great-grandfather | Hubba bint Hulail paternal great-great-great-grandmother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| `Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah maternal great-grandfather | `Abd Manaf ibn Qusai paternal great-great-grandfather | Atikah bint Murrah paternal great-great-grandmother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf maternal grandfather | Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf (progenitor of Banu Hashim) paternal great-grandfather | Salma bint `Amr paternal great-grandmother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fatimah bint `Amr paternal grandmother | `Abdul-Muttalib paternal grandfather | Halah bint Wuhayb paternal step-grandmother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aminah mother | `Abdullah father | Az-Zubayr paternal uncle | Harith paternal half-uncle | Hamza paternal half-uncle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thuwaybah first nurse | Halimah second nurse | Abu Talib paternal uncle | `Abbas paternal half-uncle | Abu Lahab paternal half-uncle | 6 other sons and 6 daughters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhammad | Khadija first wife | `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas paternal cousin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fatimah daughter | Ali paternal cousin and son-in-law family tree, descendants | Qasim son | `Abd-Allah son | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zainab daughter | Ruqayyah daughter | Uthman son-in-law family tree | Umm Kulthum daughter | Zayd adopted son | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ali ibn Zainab grandson | Umamah bint Zainab granddaughter | `Abd-Allah ibn Uthman grandson | Rayhana (marriage disputed) | Usama ibn Zayd adoptive grandson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhsin ibn Ali grandson | Hasan ibn Ali grandson | Husayn ibn Ali grandson family tree | Umm Kulthum bint Ali granddaughter | Zaynab bint Ali granddaughter | Safiyya tenth / eleventh wife* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abu Bakr father-in-law family tree | Sawda second / third wife* | Umar father-in-law family tree | Umm Salama sixth wife | Juwayriya eighth wife | Maymuna eleventh / twelfth wife* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aisha second / third wife Family tree | Zaynab fifth wife | Hafsa fourth wife | Zaynab seventh wife | Umm Habiba ninth wife | Maria al-Qibtiyya | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ibrahim son | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Note that direct lineage is marked in bold.
See also
References
- ↑ Van Arendonk, C.; Graham, W.A. (1960–2007). "Sharīf". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.
- ↑ Van Arendonk & Graham 1960–2007.
- ↑ Routledge, Bruce (2004-07-26). Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-8122-3801-3.
- ↑ al-Tabari, Abu Jafar. The History of al-Tabari Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca. p. 125.
- ↑ The Agrarian System of Islam Muḥammad Taqī Amīnī Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1991
- ↑ Reuven Firestone (1990). Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis. p. 72. ISBN 9780791403310.
- ↑ Göran Larsson (2003). Ibn García's Shuʻūbiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval al-Andalus. p. 170. ISBN 9004127402.
- ↑ Al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (2002). The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum). Darussalam. p. 30. ISBN 1591440718.
- 1 2 3 4 Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 236.
- ↑ Hoiberg 2010, p. 10.
- ↑ Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 238.
- 1 2 3 Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 235.
- 1 2 3 I. M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.
- ↑ Abul Fazl (2004). The Āʼīn-i Akbarī (2nd ed.). Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693515307.
- ↑ Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 237.
- ↑ Abu Huraira Virasat Rasul. Ashraf Al Ansab. Karachi Publications.
- ↑ Khan, Shah Nawaz (1952). Maasir al Umara. Calcutta: Calcutta Oriental Press. pp. 259–262.
- 1 2 Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 233.
Sources
- Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abbasid Dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
External links
- Ba'Alawi (Al Husayni Al Hashimi Al Qurayshi) Sadah of Hadhramaut
- Banu Hashim – Before the Birth of Islam
- Genealogy Archived 2021-11-26 at the Wayback Machine of the Hashemite Banu Abbas.