Legality of abortion by country or territory
Legal on request:
 No gestational limit
 Gestational limit after the first 17 weeks
 Gestational limit in the first 17 weeks
 Unclear gestational limit
Legally restricted to cases of:
 Risk to woman's life, to her health*, rape*, fetal impairment*, failure of contraception* or socioeconomic factors
 Risk to woman's life, to her health*, rape, or fetal impairment
 Risk to woman's life, to her health*, or fetal impairment
 Risk to woman's life*, to her health*, or rape
 Risk to woman's life or to her health
 Risk to woman's life
 Illegal with no exceptions
 No information
* Does not apply to some countries or territories in that category
Note: In some countries or territories, abortion laws are modified by other laws, regulations, legal principles or judicial decisions. This map shows their combined effect as implemented by the authorities.

Abortion laws vary widely among countries and territories, and have changed over time. Such laws range from abortion being freely available on request, to regulation or restrictions of various kinds, to outright prohibition in all circumstances. Many countries and territories that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for rape, incest, or socioeconomic reasons, and more for fetal impairment or risk to the woman's health or life. As of 2022, countries that legally allow abortion on request or for socioeconomic reasons comprise about 60% of the world's population.

Abortion continues to be a controversial subject in many societies on religious, moral, ethical, practical, and political grounds. Though it has been banned and otherwise limited by law in many jurisdictions, abortions continue to be common in many areas, even where they are illegal. According to a 2007 study conducted by the Guttmacher Institute and the World Health Organization, abortion rates are similar in countries where the procedure is legal and in countries where it is not,[1][2] due to unavailability of modern contraceptives in areas where abortion is illegal.[3] Also according to the study, the number of abortions worldwide is declining due to increased access to contraception.[1][2]

History

Abortion has existed since ancient times, with natural abortifacients being found amongst a wide variety of tribal people and in most written sources. The earliest known records of abortion techniques and general reproductive regulation date as far back as 2700 BC in China, and 1550 BC in Egypt.[4] Early texts contain little mention of abortion or abortion law. When it does appear, it is entailed in concerns about male property rights, preservation of social order, and the duty to produce fit citizens for the state or community. The harshest penalties were generally reserved for a woman who procured an abortion against her husband's wishes, and for slaves who produced abortion in a woman of high status. Religious texts often contained severe condemnations of abortion, recommending penance but seldom enforcing secular punishment. As a matter of common law in England and the United States, abortion was illegal anytime after quickening—when the movements of the fetus could first be felt by the woman. Under the born alive rule, the fetus was not considered a "reasonable being" in rerum natura; and abortion was not treated as murder in English law.

In the 19th century, many Western countries began to codify abortion laws or place further restrictions on the practice. Anti-abortion movements, also referred to as "pro-life" movements, were led by a combination of groups opposed to abortion on moral grounds, and by medical professionals who were concerned about the danger presented by the procedure and the regular involvement of non-medical personnel in performing abortions. Nevertheless, it became clear that illegal abortions continued to take place in large numbers even where abortions were rigorously restricted. It was difficult to obtain sufficient evidence to prosecute the women and abortion doctors, and judges and juries were often reluctant to convict. For example, Henry Morgentaler, a Canadian pro-choice advocate, was never convicted by a jury. He was acquitted by a jury in the 1973 court case, but the acquittal was overturned by five judges on the Quebec Court of Appeal in 1974. He went to prison, appealed, and was again acquitted. In total, he served 10 months, suffering a heart attack while in solitary confinement. Many were also outraged at the invasion of privacy and the medical problems resulting from abortions taking place illegally in medically dangerous circumstances. Political movements soon coalesced around the legalization of abortion and liberalization of existing laws.

By the first half of the 20th century, many countries had begun to liberalize abortion laws, at least when performed to protect the woman's life and in some cases on the woman's request. Under Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union became the first modern state in legalizing abortions on request—the law was first introduced in the Russian SFSR in 1920, in the Ukrainian SSR in July 1921, and then in the whole country.[5][6] The Bolsheviks saw abortion as a social evil created by the capitalist system, which left women without the economic means to raise children, forcing them to perform abortions. The Soviet state initially preserved the tsarist ban on abortion, which treated the practice as premeditated murder. However, abortion had been practiced by Russian women for decades and its incidence skyrocketed further as a result of the Russian Civil War, which had left the country economically devastated and made it extremely difficult for many people to have children. The Soviet state recognized that banning abortion would not stop the practice because women would continue using the services of private abortionists. In rural areas, these were often old women who had no medical training, which made their services very dangerous to women's health. In November 1920 the Soviet regime legalized abortion in state hospitals. The state considered abortion as a temporary necessary evil, which would disappear in the future communist society, which would be able to provide for all the children conceived.[7] In 1936, Joseph Stalin placed prohibitions on abortions, which restricted them to medically recommended cases only, in order to increase population growth after the enormous loss of life in World War I and the Russian Civil War.[8][9][6] In the 1930s, several countries (Poland, Turkey, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Mexico) legalized abortion in some special cases (pregnancy from rape, threat to mother's health, fetal malformation). In Japan, abortion was legalized in 1948 by the Eugenic Protection Law,[10] amended in May 1949 to allow abortions for economic reasons.[11] Abortion was legalized in 1952 in Yugoslavia (on a limited basis), and again in 1955 in the Soviet Union on request. Some Soviet allies (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania) legalized abortion in the late 1950s under pressure from the Soviets.[12]

In the United Kingdom, the Abortion Act of 1967 clarified and prescribed abortions as legal up to 28 weeks (later reduced to 24 weeks). Other countries soon followed, including Canada (1969), the United States (1973 in most states, pursuant to Roe v. Wade—the U.S. Supreme Court decision which legalized abortion nationwide), Tunisia and Denmark (1973), Austria (1974), France and Sweden (1975), New Zealand (1977), Italy (1978), the Netherlands (1984), and Belgium (1990). However, these countries vary greatly in the circumstances under which abortion was to be permitted. In 1975, the West German Supreme Court struck down a law legalizing abortion, holding that they contradict the constitution's human rights guarantees. In 1976, a law was adopted which enabled abortions up to 12 weeks. After Germany's reunification, despite the legal status of abortion in former East Germany, a compromise was reached which deemed most abortions up to 12 weeks legal, but this law was struck down by the Federal Constitutional Court and amended to only remove the punishment in such cases, without any statement to legality. In jurisdictions governed under sharia law, abortion after the 120th day from conception (19 weeks from LMP) is illegal, especially for those who follow the recommendations of the Hanafi legal school, while most jurists of the Maliki legal school "believe that ensoulment occurs at the moment of conception, and they tend to forbid abortion at any point [similar to the Roman Catholic Church]. The other schools hold intermediate positions. [...] The penalty prescribed for an illegal abortion varies according to particular circumstances involved. According to sharia, it should be limited to a fine that is paid to the father or heirs of the fetus."[13]

Timeline of abortion on request

The table below lists in chronological order the United Nations member states that have legalized abortion on request in at least some initial part of the pregnancy, or that have fully decriminalized abortion. As of 2023, 67 countries have legalized or decriminalized abortion on request.

Notes

Where a country has legalized abortion on request, prohibited it, and legalized it again (e.g., former Soviet Union, Romania), only the later year is included. Countries that result from the merger of states where abortion on request was legal at the moment of unification show the year when it became legal across the whole national territory (e.g., Germany, Vietnam). Similarly, countries where not all subnational jurisdictions have legalized abortion on request are not included (e.g., leading to the exclusion of Australia, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States). Countries are counted even if they were not yet independent at the time. The year refers to when the relevant law or judicial decision came into force, which may be different from the year when it was approved.

Year legalized Countries CpY CC
1955( Armenia  Azerbaijan  Belarus  Estonia  Georgia  Kazakhstan  Kyrgyzstan  Latvia  Lithuania  Moldova  Russia  Tajikistan  Turkmenistan  Ukraine  Uzbekistan as part of the Soviet Union)1515
1957 China[14][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]  Czech Republic  Slovakia (as part of Czechoslovakia)[lower-alpha 3]318
1965 Cuba119
1973 Denmark  Tunisia[20]221
1974 Singapore  Sweden223
1975 Austria  France[lower-alpha 4]  Vietnam[lower-alpha 5]326
1977( Bosnia and Herzegovina  Croatia  Montenegro  North Macedonia  Serbia  Slovenia as part of Yugoslavia)632
1978 Italy  Luxembourg234
1979 Norway[lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 7]135
1983 Turkey136
1984 Netherlands[lower-alpha 8]137
1986 Cape Verde  Greece239
1988 Canada140
1989 Mongolia[27]141
1990 Belgium  Bulgaria  Romania344
1992 Germany[lower-alpha 9]145
1993 Guinea-Bissau[28][29]146
1995 Guyana147
1996 Albania[lower-alpha 10]148
1997 Cambodia  South Africa250
2002 Nepal  Switzerland252
2007 Portugal153
2010 Spain154
2012 São Tomé and Príncipe[31]  Uruguay256
2015 Mozambique[lower-alpha 11]157
2018 Cyprus158
2019 Iceland  Ireland[lower-alpha 12]260
2020 New Zealand161
2021 Argentina[lower-alpha 13]  South Korea  Thailand364
2022 Colombia  San Marino266
2023 Finland[lower-alpha 14]167

International law

There are no international or multinational treaties that deal directly with abortion but human rights law and International criminal law touch on the issues.

The Nuremberg Military Tribunal decided the case of United States v Greifelt and Others (1948) on the basis that abortion was a crime within its jurisdiction according to the law defining crimes against humanity and thus within its definition of murder and extermination.[35]

The Catholic Church remains highly influential in Latin America, and opposes the legalisation of abortion.[36] The American Convention on Human Rights, which in 2013 had 23 Latin American parties, declares human life as commencing with conception. In Latin America, abortion on request is only legal in Cuba (1965), Uruguay (2012),[37] Argentina (2021),[34] Colombia (2022)[38] and in parts of Mexico.[39][40] Abortions are completely banned in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, and only allowed in certain restricted circumstances in most other Latin American nations.[36]

In the 2010 case of A, B and C v Ireland, the European Court of Human Rights found that the European Convention on Human Rights did not include a right to an abortion.

In 2005, the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UN HRC) ordered Peru to compensate a woman (known as K.L.) for denying her a medically indicated abortion; this was the first time a United Nations Committee had held any country accountable for not ensuring access to safe, legal abortion, and the first time the committee affirmed that abortion is a human right.[41] K.L. received the compensation in 2016.[41] In the 2016 case of Mellet v Ireland, the UN HRC found Ireland's abortion laws violated International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights because Irish law banned abortion in cases of fatal fetal abnormalities.

National laws

While abortions are legal at least under certain conditions in almost all countries, these conditions vary widely. According to a United Nations (UN) report with data gathered up to 2019,[42] abortion is allowed in 98% of countries in order to save a woman's life. Other commonly-accepted reasons are preserving physical (72%) or mental health (69%), in cases of rape or incest (61%), and in cases of fetal impairment (61%). Performing an abortion because of economic or social reasons is accepted in 37% of countries. Performing abortion only on the basis of a woman's request is allowed in 34% of countries, including in Canada, most European countries and China.[42]

The exact scope of each legal ground also varies. For example, the laws of some countries cite health risks and fetal impairment as general grounds for abortion and allow a broad interpretation of such terms in practice, while other countries restrict them to a specific list of medical conditions or subcategories. Many countries that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for social, economic, rape, or incest reasons, and more for fetal impairment or threats to the woman's health or life.[42]: 26 

In some countries, additional procedures must be followed before the abortion can be carried out even if the basic grounds for it are met. How strictly all of the procedures dictated in the legislation are followed in practice is another matter. For example, in the United Kingdom, a Care Quality Commission's report in 2012 found that several NHS clinics were circumventing the law, using forms pre-signed by one doctor, thus allowing abortions to patients who only met with one doctor.[43]

Roe V. Wade has been established in the US for almost 50 years, put into motion in 1973,  before its overturn in 2022 due to Dobbs v. Jackson. This ruling made abortion access not a constitutional right. The decision, most of which was leaked in early May, means that abortion rights will be rolled back in nearly half of the states immediately, with more restrictions likely to follow. For all practical purposes, abortion will not be available in large swaths of the country. 13 States, Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming enacted a trigger law which placed an immediate but varying statewide abortion ban immediately following the overturning. These trigger laws were designed specifically to take effect immediately upon the fall of the Roe precedent. Other states, were bans are in effect after 6 weeks gestation, including Idaho, Tennessee, and Texas – have similar laws, which would take effect after 30 days of the overturning.[44]

Pill abortion access is legal in 36 states. However, a lawsuit in Texas is currently against the production and distribution of this Abortion pill, misoprostol. The ban would affect millions of women in the US who cannot access a medical procedural abortion due to a state ban. The group suing the FDA has asked for a preliminary injunction to take one of the two drugs used in a medication abortion, mifepristone, off the market while the case plays out. This will effectively cause a nationwide ban of pill abortion if granted.[45]

Summary tables

Legend
permittedIn many cases, abortion is permitted only up to a certain gestational age.
If this limit is known and does not vary by subdivision, it is shown instead of "permitted".
permitted, with complex legality or practice
varies by subdivision
prohibited, with complex legality or practice
prohibited
unknown or unclear

Countries

The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in all United Nations member states and United Nations General Assembly observer states and some countries with limited recognition. This table is mostly based on data compiled by the United Nations up to 2019,[46] with some updates, additions and clarifications citing other sources.

Legal grounds on which abortion is permitted in independent countries
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Abkhazia[47]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Afghanistanpermitted[lower-alpha 15]prohibitedprohibitedprohibited[lower-alpha 15]prohibited[lower-alpha 15]prohibited
 Albania[30]22 weeks22 weeks22 weeksno limit22 weeks12 weeks
 Algeria[54]permittedpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Andorraprohibited[lower-alpha 16]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Angola[lower-alpha 17]permittedpermitted16 weekspermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Antigua and Barbuda[59]permitted[lower-alpha 18]prohibited[lower-alpha 19]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Argentina[34]no limitno limitno limit14 weeks14 weeks14 weeks
 Armenia[62]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted22 weeks12 weeks
 Australia [subdivisions]no limitno limitpermittedno limitpermittedvaries[lower-alpha 20]
  Australian Capital Territory[65][66]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  Christmas Island[lower-alpha 21]no limitno limit20 weeksno limit20 weeks20 weeks
  Cocos Islands[lower-alpha 22]no limitno limit20 weeksno limit20 weeks20 weeks
  Jervis Bay Territory[lower-alpha 23]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  New South Wales[70]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limit22 weeks
  Norfolk Island[lower-alpha 24]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  Northern Territory[74]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limitprohibited[lower-alpha 25]
  Queensland[75]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limit22 weeks
  South Australia[76]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limit22 weeks and 6 days
  Tasmania[77]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limit16 weeks
  Victoria[78]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limit24 weeks
  Western Australia[79][lower-alpha 26]no limitno limit20 weeksno limit20 weeks20 weeks
 Austria[81]no limitno limit 3 months[lower-alpha 27]no limit 3 months[lower-alpha 27] 3 months[lower-alpha 27]
 Azerbaijan[82]no limitno limitpermittedpermitted22 weeks12 weeks
 Bahamas[83]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 28]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Bahrainpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 29]prohibited[lower-alpha 29]prohibited[lower-alpha 29]prohibited[lower-alpha 29]prohibited[lower-alpha 29]
 Bangladeshno limitprohibited[lower-alpha 30]prohibited[lower-alpha 30]prohibited[lower-alpha 30]prohibited[lower-alpha 30]prohibited[lower-alpha 30]
 Barbados[86]no limitno limit12 weeksno limit12 weeksprohibited
 Belarus[lower-alpha 31]no limitno limit22 weeksno limit22 weeks12 weeks
 Belgium[90]no limitno limit14 weeks[lower-alpha 32]no limit14 weeks[lower-alpha 32]14 weeks[lower-alpha 32]
 Belizeno limitno limitprohibitedno limitpermittedprohibited
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Benin[92]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeksprohibited
 Bhutan[lower-alpha 33] 180 days 180 days[lower-alpha 34] 180 days 180 days[lower-alpha 34]prohibitedprohibited
 Bolivia22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks[lower-alpha 35]prohibitedprohibited
 Bosnia and Herzegovina [subdivisions]no limitno limitpermittedpermittedpermitted10 weeks
  Brčko District[lower-alpha 36]no limitno limit20 weeks20 weeks10 weeks10 weeks
  Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina[lower-alpha 36]no limitno limit20 weeks20 weeks10 weeks10 weeks
  Republika Srpska[98]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limit10 weeks
 Botswana[99]16 weeks16 weeks16 weeks16 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Brazil22 weeks[lower-alpha 37]prohibited22 weeks[lower-alpha 37]prohibited[lower-alpha 37]prohibitedprohibited
 Brunei[104]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Bulgaria[105]no limit20 weekspermittedno limit12 weeks12 weeks
 Burkina Faso[106]no limitno limit14 weeksno limitprohibitedprohibited
 Burundipermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited[lower-alpha 38]prohibited
 Cambodia[108]no limit12 weeksno limitno limit12 weeks12 weeks
 Cameroon[109]permitted28 weeks28 weeksprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Canada[lower-alpha 39] [subdivisions]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted
  Albertapermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted20 weeks
  British Columbiapermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted23 weeks and 6 days
  Manitobapermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted19 weeks and 6 days
  New Brunswickpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted16 weeks
  Newfoundland and Labradorpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted15 weeks
  Northwest Territoriespermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted19 weeks and 6 days
  Nova Scotiapermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted16 weeks
  Nunavutpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks
  Ontariopermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted23 weeks and 6 days
  Prince Edward Islandpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks and 6 days
  Quebecpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted23 weeks and 6 days
  Saskatchewanpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted18 weeks and 6 days
  Yukonpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks and 6 days
 Cape Verde[112]no limitno limit12 weekspermitted12 weeks12 weeks
 Central African Republic8 weeksprohibited[lower-alpha 40]8 weeks8 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Chadpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Chile[114]no limitprohibited12 weeks[lower-alpha 41]permittedprohibitedprohibited
 China[lower-alpha 1][115][116][lower-alpha 2]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted
 Colombiano limit[lower-alpha 42]no limit[lower-alpha 42]no limit[lower-alpha 42]no limit[lower-alpha 42]24 weeks[lower-alpha 42]24 weeks[lower-alpha 42]
 Comoros[119]permittedpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Congopermitted[lower-alpha 43]prohibited[lower-alpha 43]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Costa Ricapermittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 44]prohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Croatia[123]no limitno limitno limitno limit10 weeks10 weeks
 Cuba[124][125]no limit22 weeksno limit35 weeks22 weeks12 weeks
 Cyprus[126]permittedpermitted19 weekspermitted12 weeks12 weeks
 Czech Republic[127][128]no limitpermitted[lower-alpha 45]12 weeksno limit12 weeks12 weeks
 Democratic Republic of the Congopermitted[lower-alpha 46]permitted[lower-alpha 47]permitted[lower-alpha 47]permitted[lower-alpha 47]prohibitedprohibited
 Denmark[132]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limit12 weeks[lower-alpha 48]
 Djibouti[133][134][135]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 28]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Dominica[136]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 49]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Dominican Republic[138]prohibited[lower-alpha 50]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 East Timor[lower-alpha 51]no limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Ecuadorpermittedpermittedpermitted[lower-alpha 52]prohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Egypt[146][147]permittedpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 El Salvador[148]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Equatorial Guinea[149]12 weeks12 weeks12 weeks12 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Eritrea[150]permittedpermittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 53]prohibited[lower-alpha 53]prohibited[lower-alpha 53]
 Estonia[151]22 weeks22 weeks12 weeks[lower-alpha 54]22 weeks12 weeks[lower-alpha 54]12 weeks[lower-alpha 54]
 Eswatini[152]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Ethiopia[153][154][155]28 weeks28 weeks28 weeks28 weeksprohibited[lower-alpha 55]prohibited
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Fiji[157]no limitno limit20 weeksno limitprohibitedprohibited
 Finland[lower-alpha 14][159]no limitno limit20 weeks24 weeks20 weeks12 weeks
 France[160][lower-alpha 56]no limitno limit16 weeks[lower-alpha 57]no limit16 weeks[lower-alpha 57]16 weeks[lower-alpha 57]
 Gabon[163]10 weeksprohibited[lower-alpha 58]10 weeks10 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Gambia[164][165][166]permittedprohibitedprohibitedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Georgia[167][168]22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks12 weeks12 weeks
 Germanyno limitno limit12 weeks12 weeks[lower-alpha 59]12 weeks[lower-alpha 59]12 weeks[lower-alpha 59]
 Ghana28 weeks28 weeks28 weeks28 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Greece[171]no limitno limit19 weeks24 weeks12 weeks[lower-alpha 60]12 weeks[lower-alpha 60]
 Grenada[172]permittedpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Guatemala[173][174]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Guineapermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Guinea-Bissau[28][175]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted
 Guyana[176]no limitno limit16 weeks16 weeks8 weeks[lower-alpha 61]8 weeks[lower-alpha 61]
 Haiti[lower-alpha 62]permitted[lower-alpha 63]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Honduras[179]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Hungaryno limit12 weeks[lower-alpha 64]12 weeks[lower-alpha 64]20 weeks[lower-alpha 65]12 weeks[lower-alpha 64]prohibited
 Iceland[181]no limitno limitpermittedno limitpermitted22 weeks
 India[182][183]no limit24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks[lower-alpha 66]24 weeks[lower-alpha 67]prohibited
 Indonesia[184][185]no limitno limit14 weeksno limitprohibitedprohibited
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Iran[186][187][188] 4 months 4 monthsprohibited[lower-alpha 68] 4 monthsprohibitedprohibited
 Iraqpermitted[lower-alpha 69]prohibited[lower-alpha 70]prohibitedprohibited[lower-alpha 70]prohibitedprohibited
 Ireland[194]viability[lower-alpha 71]viability[lower-alpha 71]12 weekspermitted12 weeks12 weeks
 Israelpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted[lower-alpha 72]prohibited[lower-alpha 72]
 Italy[196]no limitviability 90 days 90 days 90 days 90 days
 Ivory Coastpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 73]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 73]prohibitedprohibited
 Jamaicapermitted[lower-alpha 74]permitted[lower-alpha 75]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Japan[203]22 weeks22 weeks22 weeksprohibited22 weeksprohibited
 Jordan[204]permittedpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Kazakhstan[205][206]no limitno limit22 weeksno limit22 weeks12 weeks
 Kenya[207][208]permittedpermittedpermitted[lower-alpha 76]prohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Kiribati[211]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Kosovo[212]no limitno limit22 weeksno limit10 weeks10 weeks
 Kuwait[213]permitted 4 monthsprohibited 4 monthsprohibitedprohibited
 Kyrgyzstan[214][215]no limitno limit22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks12 weeks
 Laospermitted[lower-alpha 77]28 weeks[lower-alpha 77]28 weeks[lower-alpha 77]28 weeks[lower-alpha 77]28 weeks[lower-alpha 77]prohibited[lower-alpha 77]
 Latvia[219][220]permitted24 weeks12 weeks12 weeks12 weeks12 weeks
 Lebanon[221]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Lesotho[222]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Liberia[223]24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks24 weeksprohibitedprohibited
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Libya[224][225]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Liechtenstein[226]permittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Lithuania[227]no limitno limit12 weeks[lower-alpha 78]no limit12 weeks[lower-alpha 78]12 weeks[lower-alpha 78]
 Luxembourg[228]no limitno limit14 weeksno limit14 weeks14 weeks
 Madagascarprohibited[lower-alpha 79]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Malawi[232]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Malaysia[233]22 weeks22 weeksprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Maldives[lower-alpha 80]no limitprohibited 120 days 120 days[lower-alpha 81]prohibitedprohibited
 Mali[238][239]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 28]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Maltaprohibited[lower-alpha 82]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Marshall Islandspermitted[lower-alpha 63]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Mauritaniapermitted[lower-alpha 83]prohibited[lower-alpha 83]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Mauritius[246]no limitno limit14 weeksno limitprohibitedprohibited
 Mexico[247] [subdivisions]varies[lower-alpha 84]varies[lower-alpha 85]permitted[lower-alpha 86]varies[lower-alpha 85]varies[lower-alpha 85]varies[lower-alpha 85]
  Aguascalientes[252][253]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 87]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 87]permitted[lower-alpha 87]permitted[lower-alpha 87]
  Baja California[254]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks12 weeks
  Baja California Sur[255]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks12 weeks
  Campeche[256]permittedpermitted12 weeks[lower-alpha 86]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Chiapas[257]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85] 90 days[lower-alpha 86]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Chihuahua[258]permittedpermitted90 days[lower-alpha 86]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Coahuila[259]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 88] 90 days[lower-alpha 86]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 88]permitted[lower-alpha 88]
  Colima[260]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks12 weeks
  Durango[261]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Guanajuato[262]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Guerrero[263]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks12 weeks
  Hidalgo[264]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks12 weeks
  Jalisco[265]permittedpermittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Mexico City[266][267]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks12 weeks
  Mexico State[268]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Michoacán[269]permittedpermitted12 weeks[lower-alpha 86]permitted12 weeksprohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Morelos[270]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Nayarit[271]permittedpermittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Nuevo León[272]permittedpermittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Oaxaca[273]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks12 weeks
  Puebla[274]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Querétaro[275]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Quintana Roo[276][277]permittedpermitted12 weeks[lower-alpha 86]permitted12 weeks12 weeks
  San Luis Potosí[278]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Sinaloa[279]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted13 weeks13 weeks
  Sonora[280]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Tabasco[281]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Tamaulipas[282]permittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Tlaxcala[283]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Veracruz[284]permittedpermittedpermittedpermitted12 weeks12 weeks
  Yucatán[285]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]permittedpermittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]
  Zacatecas[286]permittedpermittedpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]prohibited[lower-alpha 85]
 Micronesiapermitted[lower-alpha 63]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Moldova[287]21 weeks21 weeks21 weeks21 weeks21 weeks12 weeks[lower-alpha 89]
 Monacono limitno limit12 weeksno limitprohibitedprohibited
 Mongolia23 weeks23 weekspermittedpermitted14 weeks14 weeks
 Montenegro[288]32 weeks32 weeks20 weeks20 weeks10 weeks10 weeks
 Morocco[lower-alpha 90]no limitpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Mozambiqueno limitno limit16 weeks24 weeks[lower-alpha 91]12 weeks12 weeks
 Myanmar[294][295]no limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Namibiapermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Nauru[296]no limitno limit20 weeks20 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Nepal[297]28 weeks28 weeks28 weeks28 weeks12 weeks12 weeks
 Netherlands[lower-alpha 92]no limitno limit24 weeksno limit24 weeks24 weeks
 New Zealand[298]no limitno limitpermittedpermittedpermitted20 weeks
 Nicaraguaprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Nigerpermittedpermittedprohibitedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Nigeria [subdivisions]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Abiapermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Adamawapermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Akwa Ibompermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Anambrapermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Bauchipermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Bayelsapermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Benuepermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Bornopermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Cross Riverpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Deltapermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Ebonyipermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Edopermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Ekitipermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Enugupermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Federal Capital Territorypermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Gombepermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Imopermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Jigawapermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Kadunapermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Kanopermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Katsinapermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Kebbipermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Kogipermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Kwarapermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Lagospermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Nasarawapermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Nigerpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Ogunpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Ondopermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Osunpermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Oyopermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Plateaupermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Riverspermittedprohibited[lower-alpha 93]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Sokotopermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Tarabapermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Yobepermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Zamfarapermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Northern Cyprus[301]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted10 weeks
 North Koreapermitted[lower-alpha 94]permitted[lower-alpha 94]unclear[lower-alpha 94]permitted[lower-alpha 94]unclear[lower-alpha 94]unclear[lower-alpha 94]
 North Macedoniano limitno limit22 weeks[lower-alpha 95]22 weeks[lower-alpha 95]22 weeks[lower-alpha 95]12 weeks
 Norway[lower-alpha 6]no limitno limit22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks12 weeks
 Omanpermitted[lower-alpha 96]permitted[lower-alpha 96]prohibited 120 days[lower-alpha 96]prohibitedprohibited
 Pakistan[312][313]no limitorgan formation[lower-alpha 97]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Palaupermitted[lower-alpha 98]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Palestinepermitted[lower-alpha 99]prohibited[lower-alpha 99]prohibited[lower-alpha 99]prohibited[lower-alpha 99]prohibitedprohibited
 Panama[322][323]no limitprohibited 2 months24 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Papua New Guinea[324]permittedprohibited[lower-alpha 100]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Paraguay[328]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Peru[329]22 weeks22 weeksprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Philippines[330]prohibited[lower-alpha 101]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Poland[333]no limitno limit13 weeksprohibited[lower-alpha 102]prohibited[lower-alpha 103]prohibited
 Portugal[336]no limitno limit16 weeks24 weeks10 weeks10 weeks
 Qatar[337][338]no limit 4 monthsprohibited 4 monthsprohibitedprohibited
 Romania[339]no limitpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted14 weeks
 Russia[340][341][342]permittedpermitted22 weeksno limit12 weeks12 weeks
 Rwanda[343]no limitno limit22 weeksno limitprohibitedprohibited
 Saint Kitts and Nevispermittedpermitted[lower-alpha 104]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Saint Lucia[346]no limitno limit12 weeksprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[347]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibited
 Samoa[348]20 weeks20 weeksprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 San Marino[349]viability[lower-alpha 105]viabilityviability12 weeks[lower-alpha 106]12 weeks12 weeks
 São Tomé and Príncipe[31]no limitno limitno limit16 weeks12 weeks12 weeks
 Saudi Arabia[350]no limit4 months40 days[lower-alpha 107]40 days[lower-alpha 107]prohibitedprohibited
 Senegalpermitted[lower-alpha 108]prohibited[lower-alpha 108]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Serbia[357][358]no limitno limitno limitno limit10 weeks10 weeks
 Seychelles12 weeks[lower-alpha 109]12 weeks[lower-alpha 109]12 weeks[lower-alpha 109]12 weeks[lower-alpha 109]prohibitedprohibited
 Sierra Leonepermitted[lower-alpha 110]permitted[lower-alpha 110]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Singapore[368]no limitno limit24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks
 Slovakia[369][370]no limitpermitted[lower-alpha 111]12 weeksno limit12 weeks12 weeks
 Slovenia[371]no limitno limit10 weeks10 weeks10 weeks10 weeks
 Solomon Islands[372]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Somalia[373][374][lower-alpha 112]permitted[lower-alpha 113]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 South Africano limit20 weeks20 weeksno limit20 weeks12 weeks
 South Korea[lower-alpha 114]permitted24 weeks24 weekspermittedpermitted[lower-alpha 115]permitted[lower-alpha 115]
 South Ossetia[380]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted
 South Sudan[381]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Spain[382]22 weeks22 weeks14 weeks22 weeks[lower-alpha 116]14 weeks14 weeks
 Sri Lanka[383]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Sudan[384]no limitprohibited 90 days[lower-alpha 117]prohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Surinamepermitted[lower-alpha 118]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Sweden[386]no limitno limit18 weeks18 weeks18 weeks18 weeks
 Switzerland[387]no limitno limit12 weeks12 weeks12 weeks12 weeks
 Syria[388]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Taiwan[389][390]no limitno limit24 weeksno limit24 weeksprohibited
 Tajikistan[391]permitted22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks12 weeks
 Tanzania[lower-alpha 119]no limitpermitted[lower-alpha 120]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Thailand[395][396]no limitno limitno limitno limit20 weeks20 weeks
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Togo[397]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 Tongapermitted[lower-alpha 121]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Transnistria[400][401]no limitno limit22 weeksno limit22 weeks12 weeks
 Trinidad and Tobagopermitted[lower-alpha 122]permitted[lower-alpha 122]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Tunisia[20]no limitno limit 3 monthsno limit 3 months 3 months
 Turkey[405][406][407]no limit10 weeks20 weeksno limit10 weeks10 weeks
 Turkmenistan[408]no limitno limitpermittedpermitted22 weeks5 weeks
 Tuvalu[409]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Uganda28 weeks28 weeks28 weeks28 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Ukraine[410]22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks12 weeks[lower-alpha 123]12 weeks[lower-alpha 123]
 United Arab Emiratesno limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibited[lower-alpha 124]prohibitedprohibited
 United Kingdom [subdivisions]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 125]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 125]varies[lower-alpha 126]
  England[418]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 125]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 125]prohibited
  Northern Ireland[417]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 125]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 125]12 weeks
  Scotland[418]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 125]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 125]prohibited
  Wales[418]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 125]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 125]prohibited
 United States[419] [subdivisions]no limitvaries[lower-alpha 127]varies[lower-alpha 127]varies[lower-alpha 127]varies[lower-alpha 127]varies[lower-alpha 127]
  Alabama[420]no limitno limitprohibitedprohibited[lower-alpha 128]prohibitedprohibited
  Alaskano limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  Arizona[422][423][424]no limitno limit[lower-alpha 129]15 weeks[lower-alpha 129]15 weeks[lower-alpha 129]15 weeks[lower-alpha 129]15 weeks[lower-alpha 129]
  Arkansas[425][426]no limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  California[lower-alpha 130]no limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  Coloradono limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  Connecticutno limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  Delawareno limitno limitviabilityno limitviabilityviability
  District of Columbiano limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  Florida[427][428]no limitno limit15 weeks15 weeks[lower-alpha 131]15 weeks15 weeks
  Georgia[429][430][431]no limitno limit22 weeks[lower-alpha 132]no limitheartbeat[lower-alpha 133]heartbeat[lower-alpha 133]
  Hawaiino limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  Idaho[432][433]no limitprohibited15 weeks[lower-alpha 134]prohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Illinoisno limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  Indiana[435][436]no limitno limit12 weeks[lower-alpha 135]prohibited[lower-alpha 136]prohibitedprohibited
  Iowa[437][438]no limitno limit22 weeks[lower-alpha 132]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]
  Kansasno limitno limit22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks
  Kentucky[439][440]no limitno limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Louisiana[441]no limitno limitprohibitedprohibited[lower-alpha 137]prohibitedprohibited
  Maine[443][lower-alpha 138]no limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  Marylandno limitno limitviabilityno limitviabilityviability
  Massachusettsno limitno limit24 weeksno limit24 weeks24 weeks
  Michigan[lower-alpha 130]no limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  Minnesotano limitno limitviability[lower-alpha 139]viability[lower-alpha 139]viability[lower-alpha 139]viability[lower-alpha 139]
  Mississippi[449][450][451]no limitprohibited20 weeksprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Missouri[452]no limitno limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Montanano limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  Nebraska[453][454]no limitno limit22 weeks[lower-alpha 132]12 weeks12 weeks12 weeks
  Nevadano limitno limit24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks
  New Hampshire[455]no limitno limit24 weeksno limit24 weeks24 weeks
  New Jerseyno limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  New Mexico[456]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  New Yorkno limitno limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 140]24 weeks[lower-alpha 140]24 weeks[lower-alpha 140]24 weeks[lower-alpha 140]
  North Carolina[458]no limitno limit20 weeks12 weeks[lower-alpha 141]12 weeks12 weeks
  North Dakota[459]no limitno limit6 weeksprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Ohio[460][461]no limitno limit22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]
  Oklahoma[462][463]no limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Oregonno limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  Pennsylvaniano limitno limit24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks
  Rhode Islandno limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  South Carolina[464][465][466]no limitno limit12 weeksno limitheartbeat[lower-alpha 133]heartbeat[lower-alpha 133]
  South Dakota[467]no limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Tennessee[468]no limitno limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Texas[469][470]no limitprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
  Utah[471][472][473]no limitno limitno limit18 weeks[lower-alpha 142][lower-alpha 129]18 weeks[lower-alpha 129]18 weeks[lower-alpha 129]
  Vermont[lower-alpha 130]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limitno limit
  Virginiano limitno limit 6 months6 months 6 months 6 months
  Washingtonno limitno limitviabilityviabilityviabilityviability
  West Virginia[474]no limitno limit11 weeks[lower-alpha 143]prohibited[lower-alpha 144]prohibitedprohibited
  Wisconsin[475][476][477]no limitno limit[lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]22 weeks[lower-alpha 132][lower-alpha 129]
  Wyoming[478][479][480]no limitno limitviabilityviabilityviability[lower-alpha 129]viability[lower-alpha 129]
 Uruguay[481][482]no limitno limit14 weeks[lower-alpha 145]no limit12 weeks[lower-alpha 145]12 weeks
 Uzbekistan[484]permitted22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks12 weeks
 Vanuatu[485]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 146]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Vatican Cityprohibited[lower-alpha 147]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Venezuela[493][494]22 weeksprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Vietnam[495][496]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermitted22 weeks[lower-alpha 148]
 Yemen[500]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Zambia[501]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibited
 Zimbabwe[502][503]22 weeks22 weeks22 weeks[lower-alpha 149]22 weeksprohibited[lower-alpha 150]prohibited[lower-alpha 150]
CountryRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request

Autonomous jurisdictions

The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in autonomous jurisdictions not included in the previous table.

Legal grounds on which abortion is permitted in other autonomous jurisdictions
JurisdictionRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia[506]permittedpermittedpermitted[lower-alpha 151]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 151]prohibited
 American Samoa[507]permittedpermittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Anguilla[508]no limit28 weeksprohibited28 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Aruba[509]permitted[lower-alpha 152]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Bermuda[510]permittedpermittedpermittedpermittedprohibitedprohibited
 British Virgin Islands[511]no limit28 weeksprohibited28 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Cayman Islands[512]permittedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Cook Islands[513][lower-alpha 153]permittedpermitted[lower-alpha 154]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Curaçao[517]permitted[lower-alpha 152]prohibited[lower-alpha 155]prohibited[lower-alpha 155]prohibited[lower-alpha 155]prohibited[lower-alpha 155]prohibited[lower-alpha 155]
 Falkland Islands[519]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 151]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 151]prohibited
 Faroe Islands[520]no limitno limit16 weeks16 weeksprohibited[lower-alpha 156]prohibited
 Gibraltar[521]no limitno limit12 weeks[lower-alpha 157]no limit12 weeks[lower-alpha 151]prohibited
 Greenland[523]no limitno limitno limitno limitno limit12 weeks
 Guam[524][525]no limitno limit[lower-alpha 158]26 weeks[lower-alpha 158]26 weeks[lower-alpha 158]13 weeks[lower-alpha 158]13 weeks[lower-alpha 158]
 Guernsey [subdivisions]permitted[lower-alpha 159]permitted[lower-alpha 159]varies[lower-alpha 160]varies[lower-alpha 160]varies[lower-alpha 160]prohibited
  Alderney[528][lower-alpha 161]permitted[lower-alpha 159]permitted[lower-alpha 159]prohibited[lower-alpha 161]prohibited[lower-alpha 161]prohibited[lower-alpha 161]prohibited
  Guernsey[529]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 151]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 151]prohibited
  Sark[528]permitted[lower-alpha 159]permitted[lower-alpha 159]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Hong Kong[532]no limit24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks24 weeksprohibited
 Isle of Man[533]no limitno limit23 weeksno limit23 weeks14 weeks
 Jersey[534]no limitno limit12 weeks24 weeks12 weeks12 weeks
 Macau[535]no limitno limit24 weeks24 weeksprohibitedprohibited
 Montserrat[536]no limitviabilityprohibitedviabilityprohibitedprohibited
 Niuepermitted[lower-alpha 162]permitted[lower-alpha 162]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Northern Mariana Islands[542]prohibited[lower-alpha 163]prohibited[lower-alpha 163]prohibited[lower-alpha 163]prohibited[lower-alpha 163]prohibited[lower-alpha 163]prohibited[lower-alpha 163]
 Pitcairn Islands[lower-alpha 164]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 125]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 125]prohibited
 Puerto Rico[546]no limitno limitno limit[lower-alpha 165]no limit[lower-alpha 165]no limit[lower-alpha 165]prohibited[lower-alpha 165]
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[lower-alpha 166]no limitno limitpermitted[lower-alpha 125]no limit24 weeks[lower-alpha 125]prohibited
 Sint Maarten[551]permitted[lower-alpha 152]prohibited[lower-alpha 167]prohibited[lower-alpha 167]prohibited[lower-alpha 167]prohibited[lower-alpha 167]prohibited[lower-alpha 167]
 Tokelau[552]permitted[lower-alpha 168]permitted[lower-alpha 168]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 Turks and Caicos Islands[554]permitted[lower-alpha 169]permitted[lower-alpha 169]prohibitedprohibitedprohibitedprohibited
 U.S. Virgin Islands[555]no limitno limit24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks24 weeks
JurisdictionRisk to lifeRisk to healthRapeFetal impairmentEconomic or socialOn request

Comparative limits for countries with elective abortions

Legal limits may not be directly comparable. Limits may be expressed in trimesters, months, weeks of pregnancy (implantation), weeks from fertilization, or weeks from last menstrual period (LMP).

A country map of Europe color-coded for abortion access.
Color-coded map illustrating the term limits of elective abortion in Europe (in weeks from last menstrual period, fertilization or implantation)
  Illegal
  Legal but generally unavailable (Northern Ireland)
  Legal first 5 weeks (Turkmenistan)
  Legal first 10 weeks
  Legal first 11 weeks (Estonia)
  Legal first 12 weeks
  Legal first 13 weeks (3 months, Austria, Tunisia)
  Legal first 14 weeks
  Legal first 18 weeks
  Legal first 22 weeks (Iceland)
  Legal first 24 weeks
  Technically illegal, but generally available through 12 weeks (Finland)
  Technically illegal, but generally available through 24 weeks (Great Britain)
  Technically 12 weeks, but generally available through 22 weeks (ex-USSR)
  Technically 12 weeks, but generally available through 28 weeks (ex-USSR)
  Legal if the pregnancy is not from marriage; generally available under exemptions (Israel)
A state map of the United States color-coded for abortion access. A number of U.S. states in the center and especially south of the country have banned abortion apart from certain medical exceptions. In contrast, abortion is available on demand without a mandated time limit in Alaska, Colorado, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington D.C. Because the situation is changing rapidly, please see the article text for details.
Status of elective abortion in the United States
  Illegal with exceptions[lower-alpha 170]
  Legal but no providers
  Legal before cardiac-cell activity[lower-alpha 171]
  Legal through 12th week LMP*
  Legal through 15th week LMP* (1st trimester)
  Legal through 18th week LMP*
  Legal through 20th week LMP*
  Legal through 22nd week LMP* (5 months)
  Legal before fetal viability[lower-alpha 172]
  Legal through 24th week LMP* (5½ months)
  Legal through second trimester[lower-alpha 173]
  Legal at any stage
*LMP is the time since the last menstrual period began.
This color-coded map illustrates the current legal status of elective-specific abortion procedures in each of the individual states, U.S. territories, and federal district.[lower-alpha 170] A colored border indicates a more stringent restriction or ban that is blocked by legal injunction or trigger provision (as of September 18, 2023).
A provincial map of the Canada color-coded for abortion access. Abortion is legal at all stages in Canada, but availability is subject to medical guidelines.
Color-coded map illustrating availability of abortion in Canada, in weeks of embryonic age (from fertilization). Abortion is legal at all stages in Canada, but availability is subject to medical guidelines.
  Available first 12 weeks (PEI)
  Available first 13 weeks
  Available first 16 weeks
  Available first 19 weeks
  Available first 20 weeks
  Available first 24 weeks
  Available first 25 weeks

Countries with more restrictive laws

Supporter of legalized abortion at a rally in Paraná, Argentina. Argentina had restrictive laws until 2021.

According to a report by Women on Waves, approximately 25% of the world's population lives in countries with "highly restrictive abortion laws"—that is, laws which either completely ban abortion, or allow it only to save the mother's life. This category includes several countries in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, as well as Malta in Europe.[lower-alpha 174][556] The Center for Reproductive Rights report that "[t]he inability to access safe and legal abortion care impacts 700 million women of reproductive age."[557]

Some of the countries of Central America, notably El Salvador, have also come to international attention due to very forceful enforcement of the laws, including the incarceration of a gang-rape victim for homicide when she gave birth to a stillborn son and was accused of attempting an illegal abortion.[558][559][560]

El Salvador has some of the strictest abortion laws of any country. Abortion under all circumstances, including rape, incest, and risk to the mothers health, is illegal. Women can be criminalized and penalized to up to 40 years in prison after being found guilty of an abortion. El Salvador's abortion laws are so severe that miscarriages and stillbirths can sometimes be enough for conviction. The Inter-American Court has already ruled that El Salvador was responsible for the death of Manuela, who was sentenced to 30 years in prison in 2008 for aggravated homicide after suffering an obstetric emergency that resulted in her losing her pregnancy.[561] Lack of access to abortion is recognized by Uruguay, Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia as a human rights issue. This shows progress in underdeveloped nations.

Ireland

Ireland has had a long withstanding rule of the land called the Offenses Against Persons Act of 1861, which is what first prohibited abortions. This law was enacted to prohibit abortions in Ireland in 1920 when Ireland became its own independent country. To counteract the infiltration of pro abortion laws, Ireland's Catholic organizations formed the Pro Life Amendment Campaign. This organization was formed to create an abortion ban at a constitutional level. Ireland's 8th constitutional amendment was made in 1986, “acknowledges the right to life of the unborn and [gave] due regard to the equal right to life of the mother.”[562]

In 1992, a case of a 14 year old pregnant girl, threatening suicide to the courts if she were not allowed abortion, sparked change in Ireland's people. An appeals was made to the higher courts that suicidal thoughts were enough for endangerment of a mother's life for termination to be allowed. This case began the new wave of activism in Ireland which promoted the protection of the mother's life, and pushed for abortion rights. Activism grew into the larger public eye which prompted new laws to be made and introduced protecting the mother's life.[562]

New wave of activism in Ireland stretched until 2013 when the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act was signed into law. This law recognized the mother's life over the fetus's and would allow pregnancy termination in cases where the mother is in danger. In 2018 Ireland's abortion ban by constitution was repealed and abortions up to the first trimester were legalized and covered by Ireland's public health service.[562]

Caribbean

The Caribbean and Latin America are the two strictest regions regarding abortion access. Only two Caribbean countries, Cuba and Guyana, is abortion legalized per request of the mother. Cuba is the most progressive of the Caribbean Islands, passing legislation in 1965 which legalized abortions in all circumstances up to 10 weeks. Guyana's legislation passed in 1995, legalized abortions up to 8 weeks in all circumstances.[563]

Abortions are prohibited under all circumstances in Aruba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica and Suriname. However, different countries' laws restrict and allow abortions in different circumstances. In Barbados, Belize, Saint Vincent and Grenadine abortions are allowed when the mother can not financially provide for her child. This is called abortion with “broad or social economic grounds”. When the mother's life is endangered abortions are allowed in Bahamas, Grenada and, in the case of Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Lucia, St Kitts and Nevis. These countries however, are often very strict with the regulations surrounding this legislation, and while it is “to preserve the women’s health”, in most cases it is only when the mother's life is endangered. Antigua and Barbuda and Dominica allow abortions when the mothers life is directly at risk.[563]

Beginning of pregnancy controversy

Controversy over the beginning of pregnancy occurs in different contexts, particularly in a legal context, and is particularly discussed within the abortion debate from the point of measuring the gestational age of the pregnancy. Pregnancy can be measured from a number of convenient points, including the day of last menstruation, ovulation, fertilization, implantation and chemical detection. A common medical way to calculate gestational age is to measure pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual cycle.[lower-alpha 175] However, not all legal systems use this measure for the purpose of abortion law; for example countries such as Belgium, France, and Luxembourg use the term "pregnancy" in the abortion law to refer to the time elapsed from the sexual act that led to conception, which is presumed to be 2 weeks after the end of the last menstrual period.[lower-alpha 176]

Exceptions in abortion law

Exceptions in abortion laws occur either in countries where abortion is as a general rule illegal or in countries that have abortion on request with gestational limits. For example, if a country allows abortion on request until 12 weeks, it may create exceptions to this general gestation limit for later abortions in specific circumstances.[569]

There are a few exceptions commonly found in abortion laws. Legal domains which do not have abortion on demand will often allow it when the health of the mother is at stake. "Health of the mother" may mean something different in different areas: for example, prior to December 2018, Ireland allowed abortion only to save the mother's life, whereas abortion opponents in the United States argue health exceptions are used so broadly as to render a ban essentially meaningless.[570]

Laws allowing abortion in cases of rape or incest often differ. For example, before Roe v. Wade, thirteen U.S. states allowed abortion in the case of either rape or incest, but only Mississippi permitted abortion of pregnancies due to rape, and no state permitted it for just incest.[571]

Many countries allow abortion only through the first or second trimester, and some may allow abortion in cases of fetal defects, e.g., Down syndrome, or where the pregnancy is the result of a sexual crime.

Laws in some countries with liberal abortion laws protect access to abortion services. Such legislation often seeks to guard abortion clinics against obstruction, vandalism, picketing, and other actions, or to protect patients and employees of such facilities from threats and harassment. Other laws create a perimeter around a facility, known variously as a "buffer zone", "bubble zone", or "access zone", where demonstrations opposing abortion are not permitted. Protests and other displays are restricted to a certain distance from the building, which varies depending on the law. Similar zones have also been created to protect the homes of abortion providers and clinic staff. Bubble zone laws are divided into "fixed" and "floating" categories. Fixed bubble zone laws apply to the static area around the facility itself, and floating laws to objects in transit, such as people or cars.[572] Because of conflicts between anti-abortion activists on one side and women seeking abortion and medical staff who provides abortion on the other side, some laws are quite strict: in South Africa for instance, any person who prevents the lawful termination of a pregnancy or obstructs access to a facility for the termination of a pregnancy faces up to 10 years in prison (section 10.1 (c) of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act[573]).

On 3 November 2020, an association of 20 Kenyan charities urged the government of Kenya to withdraw from the Geneva Consensus Declaration (GCD), a US-led international accord that sought to limit access to abortion for girls and women around the world. GCD was signed by 33 nations, on 22 October 2020.[574]

Judicial decisions

Year JurisdictionDescriptionAbortion access affirmed or expanded?
1879  CanadaAbortion trial of Emily Stowe
1938  United KingdomR v Bourne
Abortion in case of risk to physical or mental health included in risk to life. The decision was also implemented by some British territories and their successors.[363]		Yes
1952  CanadaAzoulay v R[575]
1969  Victoria (Australia)R v Davidson[lower-alpha 177]
Abortion allowed in case of risk to life, and physical or mental health.[576]		Yes
1971  United StatesUnited States v. VuitchRestrictions upheld
 New South Wales (Australia)R v Wald
Abortion in case of socioeconomic reasons included in risk to physical or mental health.		Yes
1973  United States Doe v. Bolton
Abortion allowed after viability if necessary to protect her health.
Roe v. Wade
Abortion allowed on demand in the entire country.
1975  GermanyGerman Federal Constitutional Court abortion decisionLaw restricted
1976  CanadaMorgentaler v RRestrictions upheld
 United StatesPlanned Parenthood v. DanforthLegalization upheld
1979 Maher v. Roe
Colautti v. Franklin
1980  Puerto RicoPueblo v. Duarte
Application of Roe v. Wade to Puerto Rico.[546]		Yes
 United StatesHarris v. McRae
1981 H. L. v. MathesonRestrictions upheld
 IsraelA. v. B.
Paternal consent not required.		Yes
1983  United StatesCity of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
1986 Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
1988  CanadaR v MorgentalerYes
1989 Borowski v Canada (AG)
 United StatesWebster v. Reproductive Health ServicesRestrictions upheld
 CanadaTremblay v DaigleYes
1990  United StatesHodgson v. Minnesota
1991 Rust v. Sullivan
1992  IrelandAttorney General v. X
Abortion allowed in case of risk to life, including risk of suicide.		Yes
 United StatesPlanned Parenthood v. Casey
1993 Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic
 Germany2 BvF 2/90[169]
 CanadaR v MorgentalerYes
1995  New South Wales (Australia)CES v. Superclinics
Physical or mental health should be considered not only during the pregnancy but also after the birth.
1997  PolandK 26/96
Abortion for economic or social reasons ruled unconstitutional.[335]		Law restricted
 United StatesThornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
1998  South AfricaChristian Lawyers Association v Minister of Health
Law allowing abortion on demand ruled constitutional.		Legalization upheld
2000  United StatesHill v. Colorado
Stenberg v. Carhart
Supreme Court struck down Nebraska's partial-birth abortion ban.		Yes
2001  ArgentinaT., S. v. Government of Buenos Aires City[577]
2003  United StatesScheidler v. National Organization for Women
2006 Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
Scheidler v. National Organization for Women
Gonzales v. Carhart
Supreme Court upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003.		Restrictions upheld
 ColombiaConstitutional Court allowed abortion in case of danger to woman's life or health, rape, and fetal deformation.[118]Yes
 Council of EuropeD v Ireland
 New South Wales (Australia)R v Sood[578]
2007  Council of EuropeTysiąc v Poland[579]
 SlovakiaConstitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion on demand constitutional.[580]Legalization upheld
2008  NepalAchyut Kharel v. Government of Nepal [581]
2009  Council of EuropeA, B and C v Ireland
The court rejected the argument that article 8 conferred a right to abortion, but found that Ireland had violated the European Convention on Human Rights by failing to provide an accessible and effective procedure by which a woman can have established whether she qualifies for a legal abortion.		Yes
 NepalLakshmi v. Government of Nepal
Supreme Court upheld and expanded legal abortion.[582]
2011  United KingdomBritish Pregnancy Advisory Service v Secretary of State for Health[583]
2012  ArgentinaF., A. L.
Abortion allowed in case of rape of any woman, regardless of her mental health.[584]		Yes
 BrazilADPF 54
Abortion allowed in case of anencephaly.[585]
 Council of EuropeP. and S. v. Poland[586]
2013  El SalvadorCase of "Beatriz"[587]
2014  BoliviaRuling 0206/2014[588]
 IrelandP.P. v. Health Service Executive
2015  Dominican RepublicConstitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases unconstitutional.[589]Law restricted
 RwandaRPA 0787/15/HC/KIG[590]
2016  United StatesWhole Woman's Health v. HellerstedtYes
 United NationsMellet v Ireland
2017  ChileConstitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases constitutional.[114]Yes
 CroatiaConstitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion on demand constitutional.[591]Legalization upheld
2018  United KingdomNorthern Ireland Human Rights Commission v Department of Justice[592]
2019  South KoreaAbortion allowed on request. Decision took effect in 2021.[378]Yes
 AustraliaClubb v Edwards
 KenyaFIDA-Kenya and Others v. Attorney General and Others
Abortion allowed in case of rape.[209]		Yes
2020  PolandK 1/20
Abortion in case of fetal deformity ruled unconstitutional. The decision was implemented on 27 January 2021.[334]		Law restricted
 ThailandRuling No. 4/2563[593]
 ColombiaConstitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases constitutional rejecting both total ban and legalization.[594]Law upheld
2021  EcuadorAbortion allowed in case of rape of any woman, regardless of her mental health.[145]Yes
 MexicoDeadlines in case of pregnancy after rape ruled unconstitutional.[250][251]
Penalties for abortion ruled unconstitutional.[39][40]
[595]
[596][597]
 Inter-American Court of Human RightsManuela and Others v. El Salvador[598]
 United StatesUnited States v. TexasRestrictions upheld
Whole Woman's Health v. Jackson
2022  ColombiaConstitutional Court decriminalized abortion up to 24 weeks of gestation.[38]Yes
 United StatesDobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization

States may now ban or restrict abortion before viability, Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey overturned.

 Law restricted
 IndiaAbortion allowed under the same criteria regardless of marital status.[599] Yes
2023 MexicoAbortion allowed at federal health facilities anywhere in the country.[248][249]Yes

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Mainland China.
  2. 1 2 In 2021, the Chinese government issued guidelines reducing "non-medically necessary" abortions as a "step toward women's development".[15] The guidelines do not provide detail on what a "non-medically necessary" abortion is, nor what specific policies the government has planned to achieve this goal.[16][17]
  3. ↑ The law from 1957 legalizing the abortion on request was limited in 1962 when additional approval for each abortion had to be obtained from so called Abort Commission (which rejected about 15% of the requests). The Abort Commissions were abolished by law in 1986. Until 1993 each approved abortion was paid by state.[18][19]
  4. ↑ In some parts of Overseas France, abortion on request became legal in 2001.[21][22][23]
  5. ↑ Year when all subnational jurisdictions legalized abortion on request.
  6. 1 2 Including Svalbard.[309]
  7. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1978 and came into force in 1979.[24]
  8. ↑ In the Caribbean Netherlands, abortion on request became legal in 2011.[25][26]
  9. ↑ After explicit legalization struck down by supreme court decision, the law only removes punishment for abortion on request but with no statement about its legality.
  10. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1995 and came into force in 1996.[30]
  11. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2014 and came into force in 2015.[32]
  12. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2018 and came into force in 2019.[33]
  13. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2020 and came into force in 2021.[34]
  14. 1 2 Including Åland.[158]
  15. 1 2 3 The law of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan consisted primarily of statutory law and a limited use of Islamic jurisprudence.[48] The Afghan penal code criminalized abortion and only removed the penalty if the abortion was prescribed by a doctor to save the woman's life,[49][50] but other sources said that Afghanistan also allowed abortion in case of fetal impairment,[51] and rarely for economic reasons if accepted by a religious council.[52] After the 2021 Taliban offensive, the new government announced its intention to implement Islamic law exclusively, and it is unclear which legal grounds for abortion it accepts.[53]
  16. ↑ The UN source says that this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[55] However, other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in Andorra.[56]
  17. ↑ The UN source incorrectly shows Angola as allowing abortion on request, citing a penal code draft from 2014 that did not become law.[57] The version of the penal code enacted in 2020 and entered into force in 2021 allows abortion only in certain circumstances.[58]
  18. ↑ A 2001 UN source says that abortion must be performed within the first 16 weeks and that it may be permitted after this period under very exceptional circumstances.[60]
  19. ↑ Before independence, a judicial decision in the parent country allowed abortion for this ground, but the decision has not been explicitly recognized by Antigua and Barbuda.[60][61]: 14 
  20. ↑ Abortion for this ground is permitted in all subdivisions except the Northern Territory.[63][64]
  21. ↑ Applies the laws of Western Australia.[67]
  22. ↑ Applies the laws of Western Australia.[68]
  23. ↑ Applies the laws of the Australian Capital Territory.[69]
  24. ↑ Most laws of New South Wales and Queensland, including their abortion laws, are set to apply to Norfolk Island after 2026.[71][72] The Criminal Code of Norfolk Island, which remains in force in the territory, does not prohibit abortion.[73]
  25. ↑ Abortion up to 24 weeks may be performed if the medical practitioner considers the abortion is appropriate in all the circumstances, having regard to all relevant medical circumstances, the woman's current and future physical, psychological and social circumstances, and professional standards and guidelines. Later abortion may be performed, if two medical practitioners consider the abortion is appropriate in all the circumstances, having regard to the mentioned matters.[74] These criteria are not considered as allowing abortion on request.[63][64]
  26. ↑ On 20 September 2023, the Parliament of Western Australia passed a law to allow abortion on request up to 23 weeks of pregnancy, and with no gestational limit in case of medical and social circumstances. The law received royal assent on 27 September 2023 and awaits a proclamation to enter into force.[80]
  27. 1 2 3 If the woman was under age 14 when getting pregnant, no limit is specified.
  28. 1 2 3 The penal code says that abortion is permitted for therapeutic purposes but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health. The UN source marks it as a permitted ground.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 The UN source marks it as a legal ground because the Penal Code explicitly prohibits abortion only if performed without the consent of the woman and of a medical practitioner.[84] However, the decree regulating medical practice prohibits abortion unless the pregnancy threatens the woman's life.[85]
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 The UN source does not explicitly mark this legal ground for abortion but says that "Menstrual regulation is available on request for women with a last menstrual period of 10 weeks or less."[46]
  31. ↑ The law permits abortion for medical reasons without gestational limit, for social reasons up to 22 weeks of gestation, and on request up to 12 weeks of gestation.[87] By regulation, fetal impairment is included as a medical reason,[88] and rape is included as a social reason.[89]
  32. 1 2 3 Defined as 12 weeks from conception, considered as 14 weeks from the last menstrual period.[91]
  33. ↑ The penal code prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life, when the pregnancy is a result of rape or incest, or when the woman is of unsound mental condition.[93] Guidelines for health workers mention grounds of risk to the woman's health and fetal impairment, and define a gestational limit of 180 days.[94]
  34. 1 2 This ground is only cited in guidelines for health workers, not by law.[93][94]
  35. ↑ This ground is established by a regulation implementing a judicial decision, although it is not mentioned in the decision itself or in the law.[95]
  36. 1 2 Continues to apply the abortion law of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[96][97]
  37. 1 2 3 The penal code criminalizes abortion and only removes the penalty if the abortion is done to save the woman's life or if the pregnancy is the result of rape.[100] Due to a decision by the Supreme Federal Court, abortion is also permitted in case of anencephaly, and it may also be authorized by court order in other fatal cases of fetal impairment.[101][102][103]
  38. ↑ The penal code says that social demands are taken into account in a conviction for abortion.[107] It is unclear if this circumstance reduces the penalty or may remove it.
  39. ↑ There is no abortion law in Canada, but its subdivisions and professional bodies have regulations restricting the procedure to various grounds or gestational limits.[110][111]
  40. ↑ The penal code says that abortion may be permitted to an underage woman in a state of grave distress up to 8 weeks.[113]
  41. ↑ If the woman is under age 14, the gestational limit is 14 weeks.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[117][118][38]
  43. 1 2 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[120] The Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is declared to be an integral part of the constitution, says that "Abortion, other than therapeutic, is prohibited and punishable by law."[121] It is unclear whether the therapeutic ground means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health. The UN source says that only the ground to save the woman's life is accepted as a general legal principle.[42]
  44. ↑ A judicial pardon may be granted to the woman for an abortion on this ground.[122]
  45. ↑ In some cases, the gestational limit is 12 or 24 weeks.
  46. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle, allowed by regulation and established by treaty.[129][130]
  47. 1 2 3 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by treaty, whose application is requested by the Constitutional Court.[129][131]
  48. ↑ If the woman is of young age or immature and so unable to care for the child in a proper way, no limit is specified.
  49. ↑ Before independence, a judicial decision in the parent country allowed abortion for this ground, but the decision has not been explicitly recognized by Dominica.[137]
  50. ↑ The UN source says that this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle. However, other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in the Dominican Republic.[139][140]
  51. ↑ The UN source shows East Timor as allowing abortion also in case of risk to the woman's health or fetal impairment, citing the penal code enacted in March 2009 and entered into force in June 2009.[141][142] However, the penal code was amended in July 2009 to restrict abortion only to save the woman's life.[143][142][144]
  52. ↑ This ground is explicitly mentioned in the law only in case of rape of a woman with a mental disability, but it is also established by judicial decision in case of rape of any woman.[145]
  53. 1 2 3 Abortion is permitted if the woman is under age 18.
  54. 1 2 3 If the woman is under age 15 or over age 45, the gestational limit is 22 weeks.
  55. ↑ extreme poverty[156]
  56. ↑ Including Overseas France.[161]
  57. 1 2 3 Defined as 14 weeks of pregnancy, considered as 16 weeks from the last menstrual period.[162]
  58. ↑ The penal code says that abortion may be permitted to an underage woman in a state of grave distress up to 10 weeks.
  59. 1 2 3 The criminal code specifies that abortion is not deemed an offence if the woman requests it, has obtained counselling, and it is done by a physician within 12 weeks from conception. (Also, the woman is not punished for an abortion within 22 weeks if the other conditions are fulfilled.) The woman's living conditions are also taken into account in the indication of a serious risk to her health.[169][170]
  60. 1 2 If the woman is a minor or incapable of resisting, the gestational limit is 19 weeks.
  61. 1 2 If the woman is HIV-positive or contraception failure, the gestational limit is 16 weeks.
  62. ↑ A new penal code, published by presidential decree on 24 June 2020, would allow abortion on request in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. The code is set to take effect on 24 June 2024 unless modified before then.[177][178]
  63. 1 2 3 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
  64. 1 2 3 Up to 18 weeks if the woman is incapacitated or did not recognize the pregnancy due to illness or medical error, or in case of failure of a health institution.[180]
  65. ↑ Up to 24 weeks in case of prolongation of the diagnostic procedure, or no limit in case of fetal abnormality incompatible with life after birth.[180]
  66. ↑ No limit in case of "substantial foetal abnormalities".[182]
  67. ↑ Including the failure of contraception.[182]
  68. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law,[189] but it may be included in other legal grounds if the pregnancy causes unbearable hardship, such as significant harm to mental health or risk of suicide.[190]
  69. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[191][192]
  70. 1 2 This ground is only cited in instructions to health committees, not by law.[193]
  71. 1 2 If the risk to life or health is immediate, no gestational limit is specified.
  72. 1 2 Abortion is permitted if the woman is under age 18 or over age 40, or if she is not married or the pregnancy is not from marriage.[195]
  73. 1 2 The UN source marks it as a legal ground but it is only established by treaty, not by law and not implemented as of 2020.[197][198]
  74. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle and established by judicial decision.[199][200][201][202]
  75. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[199][200][201][202]
  76. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[209] It is also mentioned in the National Guidelines on Management of Sexual Violence.[210]
  77. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The penal code prohibits "unlawful abortion", defined as "abortion not authorized by medical doctor commission". The penal code also lists the principles of legitimate defense and necessity to save one's life, which lead to exemption from penal liability.[216] A decision by the Ministry of Health states that abortion is medically authorized, up to 28 weeks of gestation, due to certain medical conditions of the woman or fetus, rape, contraception failure, and certain socioeconomic conditions of the woman or her family.[217] A WHO source also shows Laos as allowing abortion on request up to 12 weeks of gestation, citing guidelines for health workers from 2016,[218] but they were issued before the penal code of 2017 defined "unlawful abortion" and are not mentioned in the decision by the Ministry of Health of 2021.
  78. 1 2 3 If the woman is under age 13 or over age 49, no limit is specified.
  79. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[229] The UN source says that it is accepted as a general legal principle,[42] but other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in Madagascar.[230][231]
  80. ↑ The law of Maldives is a combination of statutory and Islamic law.[234] The Maldivian penal code criminalizes abortion after 120 days of gestation, except for risk to the woman's life.[235] The Maldivian Islamic jurisprudence allows abortion only for risk to the woman's life, without gestational limit, or in cases of rape, incest, or certain medical conditions of a fetus conceived in marriage, up to 120 days of gestation.[236][237]
  81. ↑ Only for certain medical conditions of a fetus conceived in marriage.[236][237]
  82. ↑ Law prohibits abortion without exceptions. In practice only indirect abortion is allowed under the principle of double effect.[240][241]
  83. 1 2 The penal code prohibits abortion without any explicit exception,[242] but the UN source says that abortion to save the woman's life is permitted as a general legal principle.[42] The law on child protection prohibits abortion except for a "proven medical need",[243] and the law on reproductive health prohibits abortion except in case of risk to the woman's life.[244] The government has stated that the law of the country permits abortion on therapeutic grounds.[245]
  84. ↑ Abortion for this ground is permitted by law in all subdivisions except Guanajuato and Querétaro. In these two states, medical professionals at federal health facilities may provide abortion without prosecution,[248][249] while others may be prosecuted but not imprisoned, and they may request judicial relief by amparo.[39][40]
  85. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Abortion for this ground is permitted by law in some states and Mexico City. In other states, medical professionals at federal health facilities may provide abortion without prosecution,[248][249] while others may be prosecuted but not imprisoned, and they may request judicial relief by amparo.[39][40]
  86. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The penal codes of some states specify a gestational limit for abortion in case of rape. However, in July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional to set a limit for abortion on this ground.[250][251]
  87. 1 2 3 4 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[253]
  88. 1 2 3 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[39][40]
  89. ↑ If the woman is under age 15 or over age 40, the gestational limit is 21 weeks.
  90. ↑ In 2016, the government of Morocco proposed allowing abortion in cases of rape, incest, mental disability and fetal impairment. However, the parliament did not approve the proposal,[289][290] and as of 2021 the abortion articles in the penal code remain unchanged.[291][292]
  91. ↑ May be permitted with no gestational limit in case the fetus is not viable.[293]
  92. ↑ Including the Caribbean Netherlands.[25][26]
  93. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 The Criminal Code of the predecessor of Nigeria prohibited abortion except to save the woman's life. A judicial decision on a similar law in the parent country allowed abortion also to preserve the woman's health, but the West African Court of Appeal, despite applying the reasoning of the parent country's decision, affirmed only the ground to save the woman's life in Nigerian law. The Criminal Code and its judicial precedent remain in force in the southern states of Nigeria. In the states corresponding to the former Northern Region, the Penal Code replaced the Criminal Code and its judicial precedent, and it also prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life.[299][300]
  94. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The criminal law of North Korea, as amended up to 2015, does not mention abortion.[302][303] In 2015 the North Korean government issued a directive prohibiting medical professionals from performing abortions but did not indicate a penalty for doing so.[304] In 2016, the government stated that abortion was "legal" and "provided upon request by the woman concerned for reasons of risks to her life, physical and mental health and fetal malformation", but it is unclear whether these were the only permitted reasons.[305] It has also been reported that repatriated pregnant women are forced to have abortions to prevent children of mixed ethnicity.[306][307]
  95. 1 2 3 May be permitted with no gestational limit in some cases.[308]
  96. 1 2 3 The penal law prohibits abortion without any explicit exception, but it exempts from penal liability actions done by necessity to protect oneself or others from a severe and imminent danger, and in the practice of agreed medical activities or urgent medical intervention.[310] The law regulating medical practice prohibits abortion except for risk to the woman's life or of unbearable illness, and in case of fetal impairment up to 120 days of gestation.[311]
  97. ↑ Different sources specify this limit as 120 days or four months of gestation.[314][315]
  98. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[316] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
  99. 1 2 3 4 The law prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life.[317] However, some sources say that abortion may also be permitted for health reasons and in cases of rape and fetal impairment,[318][319][320] while other sources say that it is not possible to obtain an abortion in any circumstance.[321]
  100. ↑ The law prohibits abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it, and it explicitly permits abortion to preserve the woman's life.[324] An opinion of the State Solicitor in 1982, based on court decisions on identical laws in the former parent country, considered that preservation of the woman's health was also a legal ground for abortion.[325][326] However, in 2018, in the case of a woman who had aborted at four months of pregnancy due to risk to health, the Supreme Court acquitted her because she had been wrongly charged for the crime of killing an unborn child, which only applies shortly before birth (section 312), but ruled that she should have still been charged for the crime of abortion (section 225).[327]
  101. ↑ The law prohibits abortion without explicitly mentioning any exception,[330] but in 2014 the Supreme Court ruled that indirect abortion done to save the woman's life was permitted under the principle of double effect.[331][332]
  102. ↑ This ground was mentioned in the law but it was invalidated by a judicial decision in 2020.[334]
  103. ↑ This ground was mentioned in the law but it was invalidated by a judicial decision in 1997.[335]
  104. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[344][345][61]: 14 
  105. ↑ In case of risk to the woman's life after fetal viability, the pregnancy may also be interrupted by attempting a live birth.
  106. ↑ Permitted until fetal viability in case of a fetal anomaly that poses a risk to the woman's health.
  107. 1 2 Abortion may also permitted up to 40 days of gestation for other reasons that are not economic or social concerns.[350][351][352]
  108. 1 2 The penal code prohibits abortion without any explicit exception,[353] but the code of medical ethics permits abortion to save the woman's life.[354][42][355] The government has stated that abortion is authorized in case of risk to the woman's health.[356]
  109. 1 2 3 4 In some cases, abortion may be allowed up to fetal viability or 26 weeks of gestation.[359][360]
  110. 1 2 Sierra Leone established that the laws in force in England in 1880 would be in force in Sierra Leone from 1965.[361] One of these laws prohibited abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it.[362] A judicial decision in England in 1938 clarified that this law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[363] It is unclear whether Sierra Leone applies only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.[364][365] In 2015 the parliament of Sierra Leone passed a law allowing abortion on request but it was not signed by the president so it did not come into force.[366][367]
  111. ↑ In some cases, the gestational limit is 12 weeks.
  112. ↑ Including Somaliland.[375][376]
  113. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
  114. ↑ The laws of South Korea prohibited abortion except for risk to the woman's health, rape, incest, or certain medical conditions, up to 24 weeks of gestation.[377] On 11 April 2019, the Constitutional Court ruled that the abortion restrictions were unconstitutional, giving the legislature until the end of 2020 to amend the laws to allow abortion on request with some gestational limit. In October 2020 the government proposed a limit of 14 weeks for abortion on request and 24 weeks for certain other cases, but the legislature did not approve this or any other proposal on the subject before the end of the year, so the abortion laws became automatically invalid on 1 January 2021.[378] As of 2023, the legislature had still not approved any of the proposals, leaving abortion decriminalized without a clear gestational limit.[379]
  115. 1 2 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[378]
  116. ↑ In case of a fatal anomaly, no limit is specified.
  117. ↑ From conception.
  118. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[385] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
  119. ↑ In mainland Tanzania, articles 150 to 152 of the penal code prohibit abortion done "unlawfully", and article 230 of the same law permits abortion to preserve the woman's life. Article 219 additionally prohibits "child destruction", meaning abortion after fetal viability, presumed at 28 weeks of pregnancy, but still permits it to preserve the woman's life.[392] In Zanzibar, the penal act has equivalent articles 129 to 131, 213 and 200.[393]
  120. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. A judicial decision by the East African Court of Appeal, with jurisdiction over the predecessors of Tanzania, allowed abortion also to preserve the woman's health, and sources state that this decision remains binding after independence.[394]
  121. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[398] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[399]
  122. 1 2 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[402] but it is accepted as a general legal principle and established by judicial decision.[403][404]
  123. 1 2 If the woman is under age 15 or over age 45, the gestational limit is 22 weeks.[411][412]
  124. ↑ Permitted in case of a fatal anomaly up to 120 days of gestation.[413]
  125. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is considered to be included in a ground for preserving physical or mental health.[414][415][416]
  126. ↑ Abortion for this ground is permitted only in Northern Ireland, up to 12 weeks of gestation.[417]
  127. 1 2 3 4 5 Abortion for this ground is not permitted in some states.
  128. ↑ Permitted in case of a lethal anomaly up to 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[421][420]
  129. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 A law prohibits abortion on this ground or sets a lower gestational limit but it is suspended by judicial decision.
  130. 1 2 3 This U.S. state has explicitly amended its constitution to guarantee the right to an abortion to its residents.
  131. ↑ Permitted until viability if the fetus has a fatal anomaly.[427]
  132. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Defined as 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[419]
  133. 1 2 3 4 Prohibited after embryonic or fetal cardiac activity is detected, which is possible after approximately 6 weeks of gestation.
  134. ↑ Defined as 13 weeks from fertilization, considered as 15 weeks from the last menstrual period.[432][434]
  135. ↑ Defined as 10 weeks from fertilization, considered as 12 weeks from the last menstrual period.[435]
  136. ↑ Permitted in case of a lethal anomaly up to 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[435]
  137. ↑ Permitted in certain cases of fatal anomalies.[441][442]
  138. ↑ A law allowing abortion after viability if a physician judges it "necessary" under the "applicable standard of care" is scheduled to enter into force on 25 October 2023.[444][445]
  139. 1 2 3 4 Some scholars claim that a 1976 judicial decision (Hodgson v. Lawson[446]) or a 2023 law (Protect Reproductive Options Act[447]) invalidate the state's limit at fetal viability, thus allowing abortion without gestational limit for any reason, but the state government, medical providers and other sources interpret that the legal limit remains at actual viability.[448]
  140. 1 2 3 4 Also allowed after this period if there is an absence of fetal viability.[457]
  141. ↑ Permitted up to 24 weeks of gestation in case of a life-limiting anomaly.[458]
  142. ↑ In case of a lethal anomaly or a severe brain abnormality, no limit is specified.
  143. ↑ Defined as 8 weeks from implantation, approximately 11 weeks from the last menstrual period. If the patient is a minor or an incompetent or incapacitated adult, abortion in case of rape is permitted in the first 14 weeks from implantation, approximately 17 weeks from the last menstrual period.[474]
  144. ↑ Permitted with no gestational limit if the fetus has a lethal anomaly.[474]
  145. 1 2 A judge may also remove the penalty for abortion on this ground in the first 3 months from conception.[483]
  146. ↑ The penal code says that abortion is permitted for "good medical reasons"[485] but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health. The UN source marks it as a permitted ground.
  147. ↑ The law of Vatican City is primarily based on the canon law of the Catholic Church and applies the Italian penal code in force in 1929 with local modifications.[486] Both sources of law prohibit abortion without explicitly mentioning any exception.[487][488] Article 49 of the penal code lists the principle of necessity to save one's life, which removes punishment for any action that would otherwise be a crime,[489][490] but the Church's official interpretation of canon 1398 is more restrictive, allowing in such cases only indirect abortion under the principle of double effect.[491][492]
  148. ↑ Depending on the capacity at each level of hospital.[497][498][499]
  149. ↑ Abortion is not permitted for rape within marriage.[504]
  150. 1 2 The 2014 Guidelines for Comprehensive Abortion Care says "In Zimbabwe termination of pregnancy may be permitted for HIV-positive women if they choose to do so."[505]
  151. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law, but the identical text in the law of the parent country is considered to include this ground in a ground for preserving physical or mental health.[414][415][416]
  152. 1 2 3 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[61]
  153. ↑ The parliament has proposed a law allowing abortion also in case of risk to health, rape and fetal impairment,[514] but it has not yet been approved.[515]
  154. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law, but it is established by a judicial decision in the parent country. A UN source states this it in unclear whether this judicial precedent also applies to the Cook Islands, but it lists this ground as permitted there.[516]
  155. 1 2 3 4 5 Although illegal, the government does not prosecute abortions performed under rules similar to other countries, including on request.[518]
  156. ↑ Permitted up to 16 weeks of gestation if medical circumstances make the woman unfit to care for her child.[520]
  157. ↑ This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is considered to be included in the ground for preserving physical or mental health.[521][522]
  158. 1 2 3 4 5 Although the law permits abortions on request, no medical providers in the territory perform them except to save the woman's life.[526][527]
  159. 1 2 3 4 5 6 In Alderney and Sark, this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[528] A judicial decision on an identical law in the parent country clarified that the law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[363] It is unclear whether Alderney and Sark apply only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.
  160. 1 2 3 This ground is permitted in the jurisdiction of Guernsey, but not in Alderney or Sark.[528][529]
  161. 1 2 3 4 Although not allowed by Alderney law, abortions are provided in Alderney under the same conditions as in Guernsey, as health services in Alderney operate under Guernsey law.[530] To resolve the legal contradiction, in 2022 the States of Alderney passed an abortion law identical to the one in Guernsey, and it awaits a regulation to establish the effective date.[531]
  162. 1 2 A law enacted by New Zealand for Niue in 1966 prohibited abortion done "unlawfully", without defining it,[537] but a judicial decision applicable in New Zealand allowed abortion in case of risk to the woman's life or health, and a UN source states this judicial precedent probably applies to Niue as well.[538] In 2007, New Zealand repealed the sections of law that prohibited abortion in Niue,[539] but they remain in force in Niue[540] as legislation enacted by New Zealand after 1974 does not apply to Niue without its consent.[541]
  163. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The territory's constitution prohibits abortion "except as provided by law", and the territory has no law about the subject.[542] A law from the predecessor of the territory prohibited abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it, and although predecessor laws remain in force in the territory unless modified, a judicial decision ruled this abortion law invalid for being too vague.[543] As a result, although abortion remains prohibited in principle by the constitution, abortion providers cannot be prosecuted for it as there is no law specifying a penalty. Still, in practice, authorized medical providers in the territory perform abortions only to save the woman's life and possibly in case of rape.[544] In 1995, an opinion issued by the territory's attorney general concluded that U.S. judicial decisions allowing abortion on request also applied to the territory, but these decisions were overturned in 2022.[542]
  164. ↑ Applies English law in force in 2010 unless locally modified.[545]
  165. 1 2 3 4 The penal code prohibits abortion except in case of risk to the woman's life or health.[546] In 1980, a decision by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico expanded the health criteria to also include mental health, including emotional, psychological, family and age aspects, with no gestational limit. However, the decision still maintained the prohibition on abortion if done without any therapeutic consideration.[547][548]
  166. ↑ Applies English law in force on 1 January 2006 unless locally modified, in each part of the territory.[549] Tristan da Cunha explicitly applies the abortion law of the United Kingdom with minor modifications.[550]
  167. 1 2 3 4 5 Although illegal, the government does not prosecute abortions performed under rules similar to other countries, including on request.[61]
  168. 1 2 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. The judicial handbook says that abortion is permitted for medical reasons but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health.[553]
  169. 1 2 This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. A judicial decision on an identical law in the parent country clarified that the law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[363] It is unclear whether the territory applies only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.
  170. 1 2 All states make exceptions if the mother’s life is in immediate danger.
    • Exceptions for risk to mother's physical health: Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
    • Exceptions for risk to mother's general health: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington.
    • Exception for pregnancy due to rape or incest: Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Mississippi, North Dakota, South Carolina, West Virginia, Utah, and Wyoming.
    • Exception for lethal fetal abnormality: Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, South Carolina, West Virginia, Wyoming, and Utah.
    Note that these exceptions may have a time frame in which pregnant woman can use the exceptions to get an abortion; current time limits for these exceptions range from cardiac-cell activity (or 6 weeks) to the entire pregnancy before birth (no limit).
  171. ↑ This generally happens in the 6th week LMP.
  172. ↑ Typically, it is between the 23rd or 24th week LMP.
  173. ↑ Variously defined as through 27th or 28th week LMP; in Massachusetts, 24 weeks from implantation ≈ 27 weeks LMP.
  174. ↑ In Malta, only indirect abortion is de facto allowed under the principle of double effect.[240][241]
  175. ↑ Some examples of gestational age calculated from the first day of the last menstrual cycle:[564][565][566][567][568]
  176. ↑ For example Luxembourg abortion law states: "Avant la fin de la 12e semaine de grossesse ou avant la fin de la 14e semaine d'aménorrhée[...]" which translates to "Before the end of the 12th week of pregnancy or before the end of the 14th week of amenorrhea".[228]
  177. ↑ Also known as the "Menhennitt ruling".

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    108. ↑ "Royal Kram on Abortion". Royal Kram of 6 October 1997. National Assembly of Cambodia.
    109. ↑ Norms and Standards in Reproductive Health-Family Planning in Cameroon, Ministry of Health of Cameroon, 2018 (in French).
    110. ↑ Abortion Coverage by Region, National Abortion Federation Canada.
    111. ↑ "Access at a Glance: Abortion Services in Canada | Action Canada for Sexual Health and Rights". Action Canada for Sexual Health & Rights. While abortions after 20 weeks are statistically very rare (<2.5% of all abortions), there are people in Canada who require abortion beyond 20 weeks for serious and important reasons. There are only three service locations in Canada that offer abortion up to 23 weeks and 6 days (one in British Columbia, one in Southern Ontario, and one in Quebec). No providers in Canada offer abortion care beyond 23 weeks and 6 days.
    112. ↑ https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/documents/countries/01-Cape-Verde-Law-and-Regulation-on-Voluntary-Interruption-of-Pregnancy-1987.pdf law no. 9/iii/86 & decree no. 7/87 https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/documents/countries/15-Cabo-Verde-Resolution-ratifying-Maputo-Protocol-2005.pdf resolution no. 131/vi/2005 https://www.parlamento.cv/GDRevisoesContitucionais.aspx?ImagemId=30
    113. ↑ Penal Code, 2010. Article 79 (in French).
    114. 1 2 Law 21,030, Depenalisation of Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy in Three Causes, Ministry of Health of Chile, 23 September 2017 (in Spanish).
    115. ↑ "中华人民共和国母婴保健法". www.gov.cn.
    116. ↑ "中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法_中国人大网". www.npc.gov.cn.
    117. ↑ Colombian Penal Code (Law 599 of 2000), compiled by José Fernando Botero Bernal, University of Medellín. Article 122 (in Spanish).
    118. 1 2 Sentencia C-355/06 (Constitutional Court 10 May 2006).
    119. ↑ Penal Code, University of Alicante Intellectual Property and Information Technologyart. Article 304 (in French).
    120. ↑ Penal Code, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of the Congo. Article 317 (in French).
    121. ↑ Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, The Republic of the Congo, United Nations, 1 May 2014.
    122. ↑ Penal Code, Government of Costa Rica. Article 93 (in Spanish).
    123. ↑ Law on Health Measures for Exercising the Right to Freely Decide on the Birth of Children, Zakon.hr (in Croatian).
    124. ↑ Ministerial resolution no. 24, Ministry of Public Health of Cuba, 1 April 2004 (in Spanish).
    125. ↑ Methodological guides for the instrumentation of all types of voluntary termination of pregnancy, Ministry of Public Health of Cuba (in Spanish).
    126. ↑ "ΝΟΜΟΣ ΠΟΥ ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΕΙ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΝΙΚΟ ΚΩΔΙΚΑ" [AN ACT TO AMEND THE CRIMINAL CODE] (PDF). CyLaw - All Cyprus Bar Association (in Greek). 16 April 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2021.
    127. ↑ "Zákon České národní rady o umělém přerušení těhotenství" [Act of the Czech National Council on Abortion]. Act No. 66 of 20 October 1986 (in Czech). Czech National Council.
    128. ↑ "Vyhláška ministerstva zdravotnictví České socialistické republiky, kterou se provádí zákon České národní rady č. 66/1986 Sb., o umělém přerušení těhotenství" [Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Socialist Republic, which implements the Act of the Czech National Council No. 66/1986 Coll., On Abortion]. Decree No. 75 of 7 November 1986 (in Czech). Ministry of Health
    129. 1 2 Is the abortion of a rape victim permitted in Congolese law?, Leganews.cd, 29 October 2019. (in French)
    130. ↑ Ordinance 70–158 of 30 April 1970 determining the rules of medical deontology, Leganet.cd. (in French)
    131. ↑ Memorandum no. 04/SPCSM/CFLS/EER/2018 of 6 April 2018 regarding the execution of the provisions of article 14 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, Official Journal of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 5 June 2008. (in French)
    132. ↑ Health law, Ministry of Health of Denmark, 26 August 2019 (in Danish).
    133. ↑ Law 59/AN/94 of 5 January 1995 bearing the Penal Code, VERTIC (in French).
    134. ↑ Decree no. 2008-0098/PR/MS regarding the Code of Medical Deontology, National Order of Medical Professions of Djibouti (in French).
    135. ↑ Abortion in Djibouti, Human Village, April 2015 (in French).
    136. ↑ Offences Against the Person Act, Government of Dominica, version of 1995. Sections 8, 56, 57.
    137. ↑ Dominica, Population Policy Data Bank, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, 2001. Archived from the original on 27 December 2005.
    138. ↑ "Los diputados dominicanos rechazan ley polémica por el aborto" [Dominican deputies reject controversial abortion law] (in Spanish). Swissinfo. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
    139. ↑ The total criminalization of abortion in the Dominican Republic, Human Rights Watch, 19 November 2018.
    140. ↑ Presa Release: Dominican Republic: Chamber of Deputies puts life and health of millions of women and girls at risk, Amnesty International, 20 June 2021.
    141. ↑ Penal code of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste, Global Abortion Policies Database, World Health Organization.
    142. 1 2 Penal Code, Court of Appeals of East Timor, March 2010 (in Portuguese).
    143. ↑ Attitudes towards the legal context of unsafe abortion in Timor-Leste, Suzanne Belton, Andrea Whittaker, Zulmira Fonseca, Tanya Wells-Brown, and Patricia Pais, Reproductive Health Matters 17(34):55–64, November 2009.
    144. ↑ Abortion Policy Landscape: Timor Leste, World Health Organization.
    145. 1 2 Sentence No. 34-19-IN/21 and accumulated, Constitutional Court of Ecuador, 28 Abril 2021 (in Spanish).
    146. ↑ "قانون العقوبات" [Penal Code]. Article 61 and Chapter 3, Law 58 of 1937 (in Arabic). Parliament of Egypt. With amendments as 15 August 2021.
    147. ↑ Profession Ethics Regulations. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021.
    148. ↑ Salvadoran president rules out allowing abortion, same-sex marriage, Reuters, 17 September 2021.
    149. ↑ Chapter 3, Section 1, Law No. 4 of 5 November 2020 (in Spanish). Parliament of Equatorial Guinea.
    150. ↑ Andemariam, Senai W. (2015). "PENAL CODE OF THE STATE OF ERITREA" (PDF). Ref World. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2015.
    151. ↑ Abortion and Sterilization Act, amended up to 2005, Riigi Teataja, 25 November 1998.
    152. ↑ "Swaziland National Policy on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights" (PDF). Researchgate.net. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
    153. ↑ https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/et/et011en.pdf book.v, title.1, chapter.1, section.2
    154. ↑ Dr. Yirgu Gebrehiwoth (2020). "Federal Ministry of Health - National Norms & Guidelines for Safe Abortion Services in Ethiopia second edition - original 2013/2014 modified 2018" (PDF). St. Paul's Hospital, Addis Ababa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2021.
    155. ↑ "p.616" (PDF). Pascar.org. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
    156. ↑ criminal code art.550
    157. ↑ Crimes decree 2009, Republic of Fiji Islands Government Gazette, 5 November 2009. Section 234.
    158. ↑ Act on the autonomy of Åland, Finlex, May 2014.
    159. ↑ Law No. 239/1970 on Termination of Pregnancy, Finlex (in Swedish).
    160. ↑ Voluntary interruption of pregnancy, Public Health Code articles L2211-1 to L2223-2, Légifrance (in French).
    161. ↑ Mayotte, Wallis and Futuna Islands and French Southern and Antarctic Lands, New Caledonia and French Polynesia, Public Health Code articles L2421-1 to L2446-3, Légifrance (in French).
    162. ↑ What are the deadlines to abort?, Ministry of Health and of Prevention of France, 21 July 2022 (in French).
    163. ↑ Penal Code, Official Journal of the Gabonese Republic, 30 June 2020. Title X (in French).
    164. ↑ The Gambia's Political Transition to Democracy: Is Abortion Reform Possible?, Satang Nabaneh, Health and Human Rights, 9 December 2019.
    165. ↑ Criminal Code (Act No. 25 of 1933), Gambia, International Labour Organization. Chapter XV, sections 140–142, and chapter XX, sections 198–199.
    166. ↑ Women's Act, 2010, Office of the Vice President and Ministry for Women Affairs of Gambia, July 2010. Section 30.
    167. ↑ Law of Georgia on health care, Legislative Herald of Georgia, version of 8 August 2014.
    168. ↑ On the approval of the rules for the implementation of abortion, Minister of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia, 7 October 2014 (in Georgian).
    169. 1 2 Order of the Second Senate of 28 May 1993 – 2 BvF 2/90, Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
    170. ↑ German Criminal Code, Federal Office of Justice of Germany. Section 218a.
    171. ↑ Penal code, Ministry of Justice of Greece, 27 August 2019 (in Greek).
    172. ↑ Criminal Code. Articles 234, 250(2).
    173. ↑ "chapter 3" (PDF). Mcd.gob.gt. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
    174. ↑ (in Spanish) https://clacaidigital.info/bitstream/handle/123456789/390/GuiaHemorragia1y2trimestre.pdf
    175. ↑ Report on the Right to Health in Guinea-Bissau, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, April 2017, pages 14–15.
    176. ↑ The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, Parliament of Guyana.
    177. ↑ Toward a decriminalisation of abortion in Haiti, Le Figaro, 16 July 2020 (in French).
    178. ↑ Toward a postponement of the entry into force of the new penal code, Le National, 23 June 2022 (in French).
    179. ↑ Honduras ratifies a reform that prohibits abortion and same-sex marriage, El Periódico Extremadura, 29 January 2021 (in Spanish).
    180. 1 2 Law on the protection of fetal life, Wolters Kluwer (in Hungarian). Retrieved 27 September 2021.
    181. ↑ "Lög um þungunarrof" [Law on Abortion]. Law No. 43 of 22 May 2019 (in Icelandic). Althing.
    182. 1 2 3 Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, of India Code, with Amendment Bill 2020. Version as of 16 December 2021.
    183. ↑ Comprehensive abortion care, training and service delivery guidelines, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India, 14 June 2018. Page 6.
    184. ↑ "Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Pasal 60" [Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health. Article 60] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
    185. ↑ "Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Pasal 463 dan Penjelasan atas Pasal 463" [Law No. 1 of 2023 on Criminal Code. Article 463 and Explanation of Article 463] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia. pp. 160, 321. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
    186. ↑ Medical abortion law, Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 25 Khordad 1384 (15 June 2005) (in Persian). Archived from the original on 1 November 2020.
    187. ↑ Familiarity with medical abortion cases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran (in Persian).
    188. ↑ Abortion and its types, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran (in Persian).
    189. ↑ Abortion in Iranian Legal System, Mahmoud Abbasi, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki, and Neda Allahbedashti, Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, vol. 13, no. 1, February 2014.
    190. ↑ Abortion, in case of disgrace and unbearable hardship, Islam Quest, 17 Farvardin 1394 (6 April 2015) (in Persian).
    191. ↑ Penal Code, Ministry of Justice of Iraq.
    192. ↑ Abortion Law: Conflict of Maternal-Fetal Rights, Dr. Khaled Hamad Fayadh, University of Fallujah College of Law.
    193. ↑ First Amendment to Instructions to Health Committees, Government of Iraq, 29 October 2001 (in Arabic).
    194. ↑ "Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018". Act No. 31 of 2018. Oireachtas.
    195. ↑ Apply to terminate a pregnancy (Abortion), Government of Israel.
    196. ↑ Law No. 194 of 22 May 1978, Rules for the Social Protection of Maternity and on the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy, Ministry of Health of Italy (in Italian).
    197. ↑ Ivory Coast: advocacy for medical abortions as in the case of rapes, Abidjan.net, 19 July 2020 (in French).
    198. ↑ Law no. 2019-574 carrying the Penal Code, Official Journal of the Republic of Ivory Coast, 10 July 2019 (in French).
    199. 1 2 The Offences Against the Person Act, Laws of Jamaica, 7 April 2014. Articles 72 and 73.
    200. 1 2 Abortion Policy Review Advisory Group Final Report, Ministry of Health of Jamaica, 19 February 2007.
    201. 1 2 Abortion 'right'?, The Gleaner, 25 August 2013.
    202. 1 2 Abortion attitudes, training, and experience among medical students in Jamaica, West Indies, Glenmarie Matthews, Jessica Atrio, Horace Fletcher, Nathalie Medley, Leo Walker, and Nerys Benfield, Contraceptive and Reproductive Medicine, 1 May 2020.
    203. ↑ "母体保護法の施行について" [On Enforcement of the Maternal Health Act]. Act No. 122 of 25 September 1996 (in Japanese). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
    204. ↑ Public Health Law No. 47 of 2008, FAOLEX Database (in Arabic). Article 12.
    205. ↑ Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on public health and healthcare system, Legal Information System of Regulatory Legal Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 7 July 2020. Article 150.
    206. ↑ Order of the Minister of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan On approval of the rules for artificial abortion and the list of medical and social indications, as well as contraindications for artificial abortion, Legal Information System of Regulatory Legal Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 9 October 2020.
    207. ↑ Penal Code, revised edition of 2012, National Council for Law Reporting. Articles 158–160 and 240.
    208. ↑ The Constitution of Kenya, National Council for Law Reporting, 2010. Article 26(4).
    209. 1 2 FIDA-Kenya and Others v. Attorney General and Others, Kenyalaw.org, 12 June 2019.
    210. ↑ National Guidelines on Management of Sexual Violence in Kenya, 3rd edition, Ministry of Health of Kenya, 2014. Pages 15, 25, 78.
    211. ↑ Penal Code, VERTIC. Page 214.
    212. ↑ Law no. 03/L-110 for termination of pregnancy, Official Gazette of Kosovo. Articles 6–7, 14–16.
    213. ↑ Ministerial Decree No. 24 of 1981, Concerning the Practice of Human Medicine and Dentistry and the Professions Supporting Them, Global Abortion Policies Database, 22 February 1981 (in Arabic).
    214. ↑ Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on the reproductive rights of citizens and guarantees of their implementation, Ministry of Justice of the Kyrgyz Republic. Article 16 (in Russian).
    215. ↑ Clinical protocol for medical abortion in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic (in Russian).
    216. ↑ Penal Code, Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 26 June 2017.
    217. ↑ "ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງ ວ່າດ້ວຍ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ການໃຫ້ຖືພາແທນ ແລະ ການໃຫ້ຫຼຸລູກ" [Decision on the Management of Surrogacy and Abortion]. Decision No. 2077 of 8 July 2021 (in Lao). Ministry of Health of Laos. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
    218. ↑ Situation of abortion in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, World Health Organization, 2017.
    219. ↑ Organizational procedures for termination of pregnancy, Likumi.lv, 27 October 2007 (in Latvian).
    220. ↑ Sexual and Reproductive Health Law, Likumi.lv, 1 September 2017 (in Latvian).
    221. ↑ قانون العقوبات 1943/3/1 مرسوم اشتراعي رقم 340 - صادر في [Lebanon Penal Code 1943 Arabic - Decree No. 340] (PDF). Learning Partnership (in Arabic). 25 July 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2021.
    222. ↑ "Penal Code Act, 2012 | Lesotho Legal Information Institute". lesotholii.org. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
    223. ↑ Offenses Against the Family, Chapter 16: Penal Law – Title 26 – Liberian Code of Laws Revised, Legal Information Institute.
    224. ↑ "Law No. 106 of 1973 Promulgating the Health Law" (in Arabic). Ministry of Justice of Libya. 13 December 1978. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023.
    225. ↑ "Law No. 17 of 1986 on Medical Liability" (in Arabic). Ministry of Justice of Libya. 4 November 1986. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023.
    226. ↑ Translation of Liechtenstein Law, Criminal Code of 24 June 1987, Legislationline.org, version of 1 January 2021, translated 21 January 2021. Article 96.
    227. ↑ The procedure for performing an abortion operation, Ministry of Health of Lithuania, 28 January 1994.
    228. 1 2 Law of 17 December 2014 amending 1) of the Penal Code and 2) of the law of 15 November 1978 relating to sexual information, the prevention of clandestine abortion and the regulation of voluntary termination of pregnancy, Government of Luxembourg, 17 December 2014 (in French).
    229. ↑ Penal code, Ministry of Justice of Madagascar, updated 31 March 2005. Article 317 (in French).
    230. ↑ Legalization of abortion in Madagascar – The revision of the law again on the parliamentarians' carpet, La Vérité, 9 February 2021 (in French).
    231. ↑ In Madagascar, clandestine abortions are the second cause of maternal deaths, Radio France Internationale, 1 October 2021 (in French).
    232. ↑ "Penal Code. Article 243" (PDF). Malawi Legal Information Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2021.
    233. ↑ Guidelines on Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) for Hospitals in the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, 19 September 2012.
    234. ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Maldives 2008, Attorney General's Office of Maldives.
    235. ↑ Law no. 6/2014, Penal Code of the Maldives, University of Pennsylvania Law School.
    236. 1 2 Country Profile on Sexual and Reproductive Rights: Maldives, Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women, 2017.
    237. 1 2 "Ruling 6/2013" (PDF) (in Divehi). Islamic Fiqh Academy, Ministry of Islamic Affairs of Maldives. 11 December 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2014.
    238. ↑ Law no. 2001-79 of 20 August 2001 bearing the Penal Code, Droit Afrique. Article 211 (in French).
    239. ↑ Law no. 02-044 of 24 June 2002 relative to reproduction health, President of the Republic of Mali. Article 13 (in French).
    240. 1 2 Malta does allow for abortions in case of life or death situations, The Malta Independent, 5 May 2013.
    241. 1 2 Abortions carried out in certain circumstances in Malta, The Malta Independent, 16 December 2018.
    242. ↑ Penal Code, Official Journal of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, 9 July 1983. Article 293 (in French).
    243. ↑ Ordinance no. 2005-015 bearing the penal protection of the child, Military Council for Justice and Democracy of Mauritania, 5 December 2005 (in French). Article 33.
    244. ↑ Law no. 2017-025 regarding reproductive health, Official Journal of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, 27 December 2017. Article 21 (in French).
    245. ↑ List of issues and questions in relation to the combined second and third periodic reports of Mauritania, Addendum, Replies of Mauritania, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 17 March 2014. Page 20.
    246. ↑ The Criminal Code (Amendment) Act 2012, Official Gazette of Mauritius, 23 June 2012.
    247. ↑ Aborto legal, Andar (in Spanish).
    248. 1 2 3 The Supreme Court of Mexico decriminalizes abortion in the whole country, The New York Times, 6 September 2023. "Wednesday's ruling does not affect local laws, and abortion remains illegal in 20 of the 32 states of the country. But even in those states, now women may legally abort at federal hospitals and clinics. The ruling also prohibits personnel of these centers from being penalized for performing abortions." (in Spanish)
    249. 1 2 3 Decriminalization of abortion does not apply to the penal codes of the states, Verificado, 7 September 2023 (in Spanish).
    250. 1 2 The Supreme Court eliminates the deadlines to abort in cases of rape, El País, 7 July 2021 (in Spanish).
    251. 1 2 Press Release No. 196/2021: The time limit for the legal interruption of pregnancy as a result of rape constitutes an act of violence against the woman, which strikes against her rights to free development of personality and to mental health, Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 7 July 2021 (in Spanish).
    252. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Aguascalientes, Government of Aguascalientes, 16 May 2022. Articles 101 to 103 (in Spanish).
    253. 1 2 Mexican state of Aguascalientes becomes 12th to decriminalize abortion, Reuters, 30 August 2023.
    254. ↑ Decree No. 36, Official Journal of the State of Baja California, pages 21–26. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021.
    255. ↑ Decree 2832, Official Journal of the State of Baja California Sur, 14 June 2022 (in Spanish).
    256. ↑ Penal Code of the State of Campeche, Congress of Campeche, 10 May 2022. Articles 155 to 159 (in Spanish).
    257. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Chiapas, Congress of Chiapas, 4 November 2020. Articles 178 to 183 (in Spanish).
    258. ↑ Penal Code of the State of Chihuahua, Congress of Chihuahua, 6 July 2022. Articles 143 to 146 (in Spanish).
    259. ↑ Penal Code of the State of Coahuila de Zaragoza, Congress of Coahuila, 6 October 2017. Articles 357 to 361 (in Spanish).
    260. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Colima as of 15 June 2022, Directorate of Legislative Process. Articles 138 to 142 (in Spanish).
    261. ↑ Penal Code of the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, Congress of Durango, 26 May 2022. Articles 148 to 150 (in Spanish).
    262. ↑ Penal Code of the State of Guanajuato, Congress of Guanajuato, 14 June 2022. Articles 158 to 163 (in Spanish).
    263. ↑ Decree No. 180, Official Gazette of the State of Guerrero, 20 May 2022 (in Spanish).
    264. ↑ Decree No. 728, Official Gazette of the State of Hidalgo, 6 July 2021 (in Spanish).
    265. ↑ Penal Code for the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco, Congress of Jalisco, 17 May 2022. Articles 227 to 229 (in Spanish).
    266. ↑ Decree by which the penal code for the Federal District is reformed and the health law for the Federal District is added, Official Gazette of the Federal District, 26 April 2007 (in Spanish).
    267. ↑ Cachon, Hector Gonzalez (29 July 2020). "CÓDIGO PENAL PARA EL DISTRITO FEDERAL" [PENAL CODE FOR THE FEDERAL DISTRICT] (PDF). Mexico City Congress (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2020.
    268. ↑ Penal Code of the State of Mexico, Government of Mexico State, 10 June 2022. Articles 248 to 251 (in Spanish).
    269. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Michoacán de Ocampo, Congress of Michoacán, 13 January 2020. Articles 141 to 146 (in Spanish).
    270. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Morelos, Government of Morelos, 28 July 2021. Articles 115 to 120 (in Spanish).
    271. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Nayarit, Congress of Nayarit, 9 January 2020. Articles 368 to 372 (in Spanish).
    272. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Nuevo León, Congress of Nuevo León, 10 June 2022. Articles 327 to 331 (in Spanish).
    273. ↑ Decree No. 806, Official Journal of the State of Oaxaca, 27 October 2019 (in Spanish).
    274. ↑ Penal Code of the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla, Congress of Puebla, 1 July 2022. Articles 339 to 343 (in Spanish).
    275. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Querétaro, Congress of Querétaro, 27 May 2022. Articles 136 to 142 (in Spanish).
    276. ↑ Penal Code for the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo, Congress of Quintana Roo, 7 September 2022. Articles 92 to 97 (in Spanish).
    277. ↑ Decree number 004, Official Journal of the State of Quintana Roo, 28 October 2022 (in Spanish).
    278. ↑ Penal Code of the State of San Luis Potosí, Judiciary of San Luis Potosí, 18 May 2022. Articles 148 to 150 (in Spanish).
    279. ↑ Decree no. 79, Official Gazette of the State of Sinaloa, 11 March 2022 (in Spanish).
    280. ↑ Penal Code of the State of Sonora, Congress of Sonora, 6 June 2022. Articles 265 to 270 (in Spanish).
    281. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Tabasco, Government of Tabasco, 13 April 2022. Articles 130 to 136 (in Spanish).
    282. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Tamaulipas, Congress of Tamaulipas, 14 June 2022. Articles 356 to 361 (in Spanish).
    283. ↑ Penal Code for the Free and Sovereign State of Tlaxcala, Government of Tlaxcala, 10 May 2021. Articles 241 to 243 (in Spanish).
    284. ↑ Penal Code for the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Congress of the State of Veracruz, 2 March 2022. Articles 149 to 154 (in Spanish).
    285. ↑ Penal Code of the State of Yucatán, Judiciary of Yucatán, 15 June 2022. Articles 389 to 393 (in Spanish).
    286. ↑ Penal Code for the State of Zacatecas, Congress of Zacatecas, 8 June 2022. Articles 310 to 313 (in Spanish).
    287. ↑ "Ordin cu privire la efectuarea întreruperii voluntare a cursului sarcinii în condiții de siguranță" [Orden Regarding the Voluntary Termination of the Safe Course of Pregnancy]. Order No. 647 of 29 September 2010 (in Romanian). Ministry of Health of Moldova.
    288. ↑ "Zakon o uslovima i postupku za prekid trudnoće" [Law on Conditions and Procedure for Termination of Pregnancy]. Government of Montenegro (in Croatian). 6 October 2021. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. pdf download
    289. ↑ Moroccan women are still waiting for the abortion reform wanted by Mohammed VI, Le Monde, 18 March 2018 (in French).
    290. ↑ In Morocco, the Hajar Raissouni case revives the debate on abortion, France 24, 24 September 2019 (in French).
    291. ↑ Penal code, consolidated version of 5 July 2018, Ministry of Justice of Morocco (in French).
    292. ↑ Penal code, consolidated version of 14 June 2021, Ministry of Justice of Morocco (in Arabic).
    293. ↑ Law of Revision of the Penal Code, Bulletin of the Republic of Mozambique, 24 December 2019 (in Portuguese).
    294. ↑ "MYANMAR THE PENAL CODE" (PDF). The Warnath Group Consultants. 6 December 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2020.
    295. ↑ Abortion Policy Landscape: Myanmar, World Health Organization.
    296. ↑ Crimes Act 2016, Nauru's Online Legal Database. Articles 53, 63–69.
    297. ↑ The Right to Safe Motherhood and Reproductive Health Act, 2075, Government of Nepal, 18 September 2018.
    298. ↑ Abortion Legislation: Information for Health Practitioners, Ministry of Health of New Zealand, 26 June 2020.
    299. ↑ Re-characterizing abortion in Nigeria: an appraisal of the necessity test, Victor Nnamdi Opara, International Law Students' Association Journal of International & Comparative Law, vol. 11, issue 1, article 8, March 2005.
    300. ↑ Penal Code (Northern States) Federal Provisions Act, 30 September 1960. Police and Human Rights Resources, Amnesty International.
    301. ↑ "Cyprus Turkish Medical Association "Medical Professional Code of Ethics"" (PDF) (in Turkish). TRNC Prime Ministry Department of Regulations. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
    302. ↑ The Criminal Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (2015), Unification Legislation Database (in Korean).
    303. ↑ Medical Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (2000), Unification Legislation Database (in Korean).
    304. ↑ North Korea forbids doctors to perform abortions, implant birth control devices, Radio Free Asia, 14 October 2015.
    305. ↑ Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1 June 2016.
    306. ↑ Written Contribution for Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), Tomás Ojea Quintana, for his upcoming report to the 46th Human Rights Council session in March 2021.
    307. ↑ In-hua, Kim (13 November 2019). "Ask a North Korean: do forced abortions really take place in the DPRK?". NK News.
    308. ↑ Law of Termination of Pregnancy, Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia, 22 May 2019 (in Macedonian).
    309. ↑ Regulation on interruption of pregnancy (abortion regulation), Lovdata, 10 May 2013 (in Norwegian).
    310. ↑ The Penal Law Promulgated by Royal Decree 7/2018, Ministry of Legal Affairs of Oman, 11 January 2018. Articles 315–320, 44 and 51.
    311. ↑ Royal decree no. 75/2019 promulgating a law regulating the practice of the medical profession and allied medical professions, Ministry of Legal Affairs of Oman, 11 January 2019. Article 36 (in Arabic).
    312. ↑ Pakistan's Abortion Provisions, Center for Reproductive Rights.
    313. ↑ Why Deadly Abortions Keep Killing Women in Pakistan, Pulitzer Center, 15 July 2021. "Because laws on abortion are vague, the decision to provide an abortion or not often comes down to a provider's personal or religious beliefs, which for many, makes the prospect unthinkable."
    314. ↑ Service delivery standards and guidelines for high-quality safe uterine evacuation and postabortion care, Department of Health of Punjab, Pakistan, April 2015.
    315. ↑ Abortion in Pakistan, Guttmacher Institute, November 2009.
    316. ↑ Penal Code, Policinglaw.info. Article 1309.
    317. ↑ Palestinian Legislative Council Public Health Law, Health, Development, Information and Policy Institute (HDIP), 23 April 2004.
    318. ↑ The Unique Landscape of Abortion Law and Access in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Health and Human Rights, 9 December 2019. "As one lawyer from Gaza explained in an interview, "[...] [Abortion] is only allowed for health reasons for the mother or for fetal anomalies."
    319. ↑ For Palestinian women, abortion can mean lies, jail or worse, Reuters, 8 March 2016. "When fetal impairment is detected, an abortion can be performed if both parents consent, [...] the ministry said."
    320. ↑ Palestine: 'Marry-Your-Rapist' Law Repealed, Human Rights Watch, 10 May 2018. "Salhieh, the chief prosecutor, said that prosecutors obtained permission for seven women to have abortions in 2017, all in cases in which the women alleged that the pregnancy was a result of rape or incest and they were in the early stages of pregnancy."
    321. ↑ Palestine's Abortion Problem, Foreign Policy, 4 December 2015. "Abortion, after all, is illegal under Palestinian law; while it is technically legal in order to protect the life of the mother, in practice, according to experts, it is impossible to get such a procedure. Especially for those [...] who might want an abortion without the knowledge of their husbands."
    322. ↑ https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/CODIGO-PENAL-2019-FINAL-1.pdf chapter I, section 3
    323. ↑ (in Spanish) https://clacaidigital.info/bitstream/handle/123456789/778/revision_de_normas_de_salud_integral_de_la_mujer.%20Panama.pdf
    324. 1 2 Criminal Code Act 1974, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. Articles 225, 226, 280, 312.
    325. ↑ Barnett, Katy (7 April 2016). News: High Court grants injunction staying asylum seeker's abortion. University of Melbourne Law School, 7 April 2016.
    326. ↑ Situation of abortion in the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, World Health Organization, 2017.
    327. ↑ Woman cleared in abortion case, The National, 27 June 2018.
    328. ↑ Law No. 3440, BACCN, 20 August 2008. Article 109.4 (in Spanish).
    329. ↑ "Guía Técnica Nacional de Aborto Terapéutico" [National Technical Guide - Therapeutic Abortion (modified 2015)] (PDF). Regional Directorate of Health of Cusco, Peru (in Spanish). 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 November 2021.
    330. 1 2 The Revised Penal Code, Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, 8 December 1930. Articles 256–259.
    331. ↑ Imbong v. Ochoa, Supreme Court of the Philippines, 8 April 2014.
    332. ↑ Ninth periodic report submitted by the Philippines under article 18 of the Convention, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 6 July 2021. Paragraph 123.
    333. ↑ Law of 7 January 1993 on family planning, protection of the human fetus and conditions of admissibility of interruption of pregnancy, Internet System of Legal Acts, Sejm of the Republic of Poland (in Polish).
    334. 1 2 Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 22 October 2020, act K 1/20, Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, 27 January 2021, item 175 (in Polish).
    335. 1 2 Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 28 May 1997, K 26/96, Wolters Kluwer (in Polish).
    336. ↑ Penal Code, Electronic Journal of the Republic (in Portuguese).
    337. ↑ Law No. 11 of 2004 Issuing the Penal Code, Qatar Legal Portal. Abortion. Articles 315–317.
    338. ↑ Law No. (2) of 1983 in the matter of practicing the professions of human medicine and dental medicine and surgery, Qatar Legal Portal, 1 January 1983. Article 17 (in Arabic).
    339. ↑ Criminal Code of the Republic of Romania (2009, amended 2017), Legislationline.org.
    340. ↑ "Федеральный закон от 21 ноября 2011 г. № 323-ФЗ "Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации"" [Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ "On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation"] (in Russian). Minzdrav.gov.ru. 5 April 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
    341. ↑ "Приказ Минздравсоцразвития России №736 от 3 декабря 2007 г." minzdrav.gov.ru.
    342. ↑ "Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации от 1 ноября 2012 г.№ 572н "Об утверждении Порядка оказания медицинской помощи по профилю "акушерство и гинекология (за исключением использования вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий)""". minzdrav.gov.ru.
    343. ↑ Ministerial Order no. 002/MoH/2019 of 08/04/2019 determining conditions to be satisfied for a medical doctor to perform an abortion, Official Gazette of Rwanda, no. 14, 8 April 2019 (in Kinyarwanda, English, and French).
    344. ↑ Offences Against the Person Act, Law Commission of the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis, revised edition as of 31 December 2017. Sections 53–54.
    345. ↑ Infant Life (Preservation) Act, Law Commission of the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis, revised edition as of 31 December 2002.
    346. ↑ Criminal Code, revised edition as 31 December 2005, Government of Saint Lucia, Chapter 1, Part 1, Sub-part D.
    347. ↑ Criminal Code, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Section 149.
    348. ↑ Crimes Act 2013, Ministry of Police of Samoa, 1 May 2013.
    349. ↑ Law no. 127 – Regulation of the voluntary interruption of pregnancy, Grand and General Council, 7 September 2022. Articles 4–7 (in Italian).
    350. 1 2 Ministerial resolution no. 39644/1/12, dated 14/5/1427 AH, Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia, c. 10 June 2006 (in Arabic).
    351. ↑ Livni, Ephrat (25 May 2019). "Saudi Arabia's abortion laws are more forgiving than Alabama's". Quartz.
    352. ↑ Maffi, I.; Tønnessen, L. (2019). "The Limits of the Law: Abortion in the Middle East and North Africa". Health and Human Rights. 21 (2): 1–6. PMC 6927385. PMID 31885431.
    353. ↑ Penal Code of Senegal, 21 July 1965, with amendments up to 29 January 1999. Article 305 (in French).
    354. ↑ Code of Medical Ethics, National Order of Physicians of Senegal, 10 February 1967. Article 35 (in French).
    355. ↑ Sénégal – Marième N'Diaye on the decriminalization of abortion: "the debate is open", Le Point, 11 April 2019 (in French).
    356. ↑ Combined third to seventh periodic reports due in 2010, Senegal, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 13 December 2013. Page 55.
    357. ↑ "Zakon o postupku prekida trudnoće u zdravstvenim ustanovama". www.paragraf.rs.
    358. ↑ Dr. Katarina Sedlecki (30 September 2013). "НАЦИОНАЛНИ ВОДИЧ ДОБРЕ КЛИНИЧКЕ ПРАКСЕ ЗА БЕЗБЕДНИ ПРЕКИД ТРУДНОЋЕ" [NATIONAL GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDE FOR SAFE TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY] (PDF). Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Serbia (in Serbian). Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2016. pdf download
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    360. ↑ Reproductive health policy for Seychelles, Ministry of Health of Seychelles, January 2012.
    361. ↑ Courts Act, 1965, Government of Sierra Leone. Article 74.
    362. ↑ Offences Against the Person Act 1861, Legislation.gov.uk. Articles 58–59.
    363. 1 2 3 4 Rex v. Bourne, Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, 18–19 July 1938.
    364. ↑ Supplementary Information on Sierra Leone, scheduled for review by the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women during its 57th Session (February 2014), Center for Reproductive Rights, 24 January 2014. "This interpretation of the Offences Against the Person Act has not been tested in case law in Sierra Leone and therefore it remains unclear whether women terminating a pregnancy on such grounds would be criminally liable."
    365. ↑ Understanding Abortion Access in Africa, Catholics for Choice, 19 February 2014. "Sierra Leone is one of several Commonwealth countries to model its abortion policy after England's 1938 Rex v. Bourne decision, which established necessity – that is, threats to a woman's mental and physical health – as grounds for legal abortion."
    366. ↑ Sierra Leone abortion bill blocked by President Bai Koroma again, BBC News, 12 March 2016.
    367. ↑ Fighting Unsafe Abortion and Abortion Stigma in Sierra Leone, Women's Health and Reproductive Rights Organization, 20 April 2021.
    368. ↑ "Termination of Pregnancy Act – Singapore Statutes Online". sso.agc.gov.sg.
    369. ↑ "Zákon Slovenskej národnej rady o umelom prerušení tehotenstva" [Act of the Slovak National Council on Abortion]. Law No. 73 of 23 October 1986 (in Slovak). Slovak National Council.
    370. ↑ "Vyhláška Ministerstva zdravotníctva Slovenskej socialistickej republiky, ktorou sa vykonáva zákon Slovenskej národnej rady č.73/1986 Zb. o umelom prerušení tehotenstva" [Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic, which implements the Act of the Slovak National Council No. 73/1986 Coll. on abortion]. Decree No. 74 of 5 November 1986 (in Slovak). Ministry of Health.
    371. ↑ Law on health measures in the exercise of the right to freely decide on the birth of children, Government of Slovenia (in Slovene).
    372. ↑ Penal Code, Laws of Solomon Islands. Articles 157–159, 221.
    373. ↑ Provisional Constitution, University of Minnesota: Human Rights Library, 7 September 2012. Article 15.5.
    374. ↑ Penal Code, Global Abortion Policies Database, 6 December 1962. Article 36 and part X.
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    377. ↑ Enforcement Decree of the Mother and Child Health Act, Government of South Korea.
    378. 1 2 3 South Korea: Abortion decriminalized since January 1, 2021, Library of Congress, 18 March 2021.
    379. ↑ Murky abortion legislation leads to rise in illegal, unregulated pills, Korea JoongAng Daily, 1 March 2023.
    380. ↑ "Медикаментозный аборт" [Medical abortion] (in Russian). OSInform Information Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
    381. ↑ "Penal Code Act. Article 216" (PDF). Sudantribune.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
    382. ↑ Organic Law 2/2010, of 3 March, of sexual and reproductive health and of voluntary interruption of pregnancy, Boletín Oficial del Estado, 4 March 2010 (in Spanish).
    383. ↑ Penal code, Citizens Lanka, version as of 2002. Sections 303–307.
    384. ↑ Penal Code, European Country of Origin Information Network, 1991.
    385. ↑ https://www.dna.sr/media/138146/S.B._2015_no._44_wet_van_30_mrt_15_wijz._wetboek_van_strafrecht.pdf (in Dutch) title xix
    386. ↑ Abortion law, Riksdag of Sweden, version as of 1 June 2013 (in Swedish).
    387. ↑ Swiss penal code (Interruption of pregnancy), Federal Assembly of Switzerland (in French).
    388. ↑ "قانون مزاولة المهن الطبية في الجمهورية العربية السورية" [Law on the Practice of Medical Professions in the Syrian Arab Republic]. Article 47b, Legislative Decree No. 12 of 5 January 1970 (in Arabic). People's Assembly of Syria.
    389. ↑ Genetic Health Act, Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China, 8 July 2009.
    390. ↑ Enforcement Rules of Genetic Health Act, Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China, 5 April 2012.
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    394. ↑ A technical guide to understanding the legal and policy framework on termination of pregnancy in mainland Tanzania, Center for Reproductive Rights, 2012.
    395. ↑ Act, Amendment of the Criminal Code (No. 28), Royal Government Gazette of Thailand, 6 February 2021 (in Thai).
    396. ↑ Announcement of the Ministry of Public Health regarding the examination and counseling on options for termination of pregnancy under section 305 (5) of the Penal Code, Royal Government Gazette of Thailand, 26 September 2022 (in Thai).
    397. ↑ Law No. 2007-005, On Reproductive Health, Official Journal of the Togolese Republic, 10 January 2007 (in French).
    398. ↑ "Criminal Offences". www.paclii.org.
    399. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20051227114327fw_/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/doc/tonga.doc (2001)
    400. ↑ "Приказ Министерства здравоохранения и социальной защиты Приднестровской Молдавской Республики о порядке проведения и показаниях к операции искусственного прерывания беременности" [Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on the procedure and indications for artificial interruption of pregnancy] (in Russian). Zakon PMR. 13 August 2004. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023.
    401. ↑ "Приказ Министерство здравоохранения Приднестровской Молдавской Республики о внесении изменений в приказ Министерства здравоохранения Приднестровской Молдавской Республики о порядке проведения и показаниях к операции искусственного прерывания беременности" [Order of the Ministry of Health of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on making changes to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on the procedure and indications for artificial interruption of pregnancy] (in Russian). Ministry of Justice of Transnistria. 18 August 2021.
    402. ↑ "CRIMINAL LAW ACT CHAPTER 10:04 - original 2006 updated 2016 modified 2018" (PDF). Legal Affairs.Gov.TT. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2022.
    403. ↑ Code of Ethics in the Practice of Medicine: Responsibilities to Profession, Medical Board of Trinidad and Tobago.
    404. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20051227114327fw_/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/doc/trinidad.doc (2001)
    405. ↑ "Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi". www.mevzuat.gov.tr.
    406. ↑ "Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi". www.mevzuat.gov.tr.
    407. ↑ Penal Code of Turkey (2004, amended 2016), Legislationline.org. Article 99.
    408. ↑ Law of Turkmenistan on the protection of the health of citizens, Neytralny Turkmenistan no. 138-139, 2 July 2015. Article 19 (in Russian).
    409. ↑ https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf arts 150–152, 214, 227
    410. ↑ https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15 art.281.6
    411. ↑ "Про реалізацію статті 281 Цивільного кодексу України". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України.
    412. ↑ "Про затвердження Інструкції про порядок проведення операції штучного переривання вагітності, форм первинної облікової документації та інструкцій щодо їх заповнення". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України.
    413. ↑ Women's reproductive and sexual healthcare, Government of the United Arab Emirates, 11 July 2021.
    414. 1 2 Rape and abortion, EFC.
    415. 1 2 Britain's abortion law, British Pregnancy Advisory Service.
    416. 1 2 Know Your Abortion Rights in the UK, 123 Healthwise.
    417. 1 2 The Abortion (Northern Ireland) (No. 2) Regulations 2020, Legislation.gov.uk.
    418. 1 2 3 Abortion Act 1967, Legislation.gov.uk.
    419. 1 2 State bans on abortion throughout pregnancy, Guttmacher Institute, 29 August 2023.
    420. 1 2 Alabama Human Life Protection Act, Alabama Legislature, 2019.
    421. ↑ Section 26-23B-5, Alabama Legislature.
    422. ↑ "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 13. Criminal Code §13-3603". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
    423. ↑ SB 1164, Arizona State Senate, 2022
    424. ↑ "Appeals court reinstates injunction blocking abortion ban". AP NEWS. 7 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
    425. ↑ SB149, Arkansas General Assembly, 2019.
    426. ↑ SB6, Arkansas General Assembly, 2021.
    427. 1 2 CS/HB 5, Florida House of Representatives, 2022.
    428. ↑ Florida restores state abortion ban beyond 15 weeks after temporary halt The Guardian, 6 July 2022.
    429. ↑ Georgia Code section 16-12-141, Justia, 2020.
    430. ↑ Georgia Code section 31-9B-1, Justia, 2020.
    431. ↑ Georgia Supreme Court reinstates state's 6-week abortion ban, Axios, 23 November 2022.
    432. 1 2 Section 18-622, Idaho Legislature, 2023.
    433. ↑ Idaho can enforce abortion ban in medical emergencies, court rules, Reuters, 29 September 2023.
    434. ↑ Section 18-604, Idaho Legislature, 2023.
    435. 1 2 3 Senate Bill 1, Indiana General Assembly, 2022.
    436. ↑ Indiana's near-total abortion ban goes into effect after Supreme Court decision, WTHR, 21 August 2023.
    437. ↑ HSB 255
    438. ↑ Iowa judge temporarily blocks 6-week abortion ban, NBC, 17 July 2023
    439. ↑ KRS 311.722, Kentucky General Assembly.
    440. ↑ Gonzalez, Oriana (16 February 2023). "Kentucky Supreme Court refuses to block state abortion bans". Axios.
    441. 1 2 Act No. 545, Louisiana State Legislature, 2022.
    442. ↑ List of conditions that shall deem an unborn child "medically futile", Louisiana Department of Health, 2022.
    443. ↑ Title 22 §1598. Abortions, Maine Revised Statutes, Maine Legislature.
    444. ↑ An Act to Improve Maine's Reproductive Privacy Laws, Chapter 416, Maine Legislature, 19 July 2023.
    445. ↑ Maine State Legislature
    446. ↑ Hodgson v. Lawson, Casetext.
    447. ↑ HF 1, Minnesota Legislature, 2023.
    448. ↑ 145.411 Regulation of abortions; definitions, Minnesota Statutes, Minnesota Legislature.
    449. ↑ House Bill 1400, Mississippi Legislature, 2014.
    450. ↑ Senate Bill 2391 Mississippi Legislature, 2007.
    451. ↑ Abortion trigger law goes into effect in Mississippi, where the case that overturned Roe v. Wade originated, ABC News, 7 July 2022.
    452. ↑ HB126, Missouri General Assembly, 2019.
    453. ↑ Nebraska Revised Statute 28-3,106. Abortion; performance; restrictions, Nebraska Legislature.
    454. ↑ Legislative Bill 574, Nebraska Legislature, 22 May 2023.
    455. ↑ House bill 1609-FN, General Court of New Hampshire, 2022.
    456. ↑ Gov. Lujan Grisham signs Senate Bill 10, repealing 1969 abortion ban, KOB, 26 February 2021.
    457. ↑ Chapter 45, article 25-A, section 2599-BB, Abortion, Consolidated Laws of New York, New York State Senate.
    458. 1 2 Session law 2023-14, General Assembly of North Carolina.
    459. ↑ SB 2150, North Dakota Legislature.
    460. ↑ Section 2919.201 – Abortion after gestational age of 20 weeks, Ohio Revised Code, Legislative Service Commission of Ohio.
    461. ↑ A judge temporarily blocks an Ohio law banning most abortions, National Public Radio, 14 September 2022.
    462. ↑ Section 21-861, Oklahoma Senate, 2019.
    463. ↑ SB 612, Oklahoma Legislature, 2022.
    464. ↑ Title 44 – Health, Chapter 41 – Abortions, South Carolina Code of Laws, South Carolina Legislature.
    465. ↑ Fetal Heartbeat and Protection from Abortion Act, South Carolina General Assembly, 2023.
    466. ↑ South Carolina Supreme Court upholds 6-week abortion ban, CNN, 23 August 2023.
    467. ↑ Codified law 22-17-5.1, South Dakota Legislature.
    468. ↑ HB1029, Tennessee State Legislature, 2019.
    469. ↑ Advisory on Texas law upon reversal of Roe v. Wade, Attorney General of Texas.
    470. ↑ Texas can enforce 1925 abortion ban, state Supreme Court says, The Texas Tribune, 2 July 2022.
    471. ↑ HB136, Utah State Legislature, 2019.
    472. ↑ SB174, Utah State Legislature, 2020.
    473. ↑ Utah judge blocks state's sweeping new abortion ban, Reuters, 12 July 2022.
    474. 1 2 3 House Bill 302, West Virginia Legislature, 2022.
    475. ↑ "Chapter 253, Maternal and child health". Wisconsin State Legislature.
    476. ↑ "Abortion Laws in Wisconsin" (PDF). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. December 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2017.
    477. ↑ Lehr, Sarah; Faust, Margaret (21 September 2023). "Abortions resume in Wisconsin after 15 months of legal uncertainty". NPR. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
    478. ↑ HB0092, Wyoming Legislature, 2022.
    479. ↑ HB0152, Wyoming Legislature, 2023.
    480. ↑ Gruver, Mead (22 March 2023). "Judge halts Wyoming abortion ban days after it took effect". AP News. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
    481. ↑ Law on voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Abortion law, National Directorate of Prints and Official Publications, 30 October 2012 (in Spanish).
    482. ↑ Manual of Procedures for the Sanitary Management of Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy, Ministry of Public Health, 2014 (in Spanish).
    483. ↑ Penal Code, National Directorate of Prints and Official Publications, updated on 9 July 2020 (in Spanish).
    484. ↑ "Об утверждении стандартов искусственного прерывания беременности" [On approval of standards for artificial termination of pregnancy]. Law No. 312 of 10 September 2013 (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 November 2021.
    485. 1 2 "Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu, consolidated edition 2006 – Penal Code, Ch. 135. Article 117" (PDF). International Labour Organization. 17 November 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2021.
    486. ↑ Law on the sources of law, Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Supplement for the laws and provisions of Vatican City State, 1 October 2008. (in Italian)
    487. ↑ Title VI. Delicts against human life and freedom, Code of Canon Law, Holy See.
    488. ↑ Penal code for the Kingdom of Italy, 1889, University of Brescia College of Law. (in Italian)
    489. ↑ Report to His Majesty the King from the Minister Keeper of the Seals (Zanardelli) at the hearing of 30 June 1889 for the approval of the final text of the penal code, pp. 145–146. "On the agreed proposal of the parliamentary commissions, the provision that was read in the bill, according to which it was declared 'not punishable the doctor or surgeon, when he justifies having acted in order to save the woman's life, endangered by the pregnancy or by childbirth', was deleted"; "The vote expressed in agreement in parliament led me to the aforesaid deletion, not to exclude the application of the concept that was expressed there, but because it was superfluous and inappropriate to declare it, providing if needed article 49 number 3, the application of which would be only, and without reason, restricted." (in Italian)
    490. ↑ Criminal abortion in the Italian penal code, Pasquale Tuozzi, Filippo Serafini Legal Archive, 1902, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 29. "However, if you want to search for a provision in our code that covers the surgeon, in addition to article 45, in which the aforesaid reason is rooted, there is also number 3 of article 49, where it is declared the nonresponsibility of one who acts compelled by the need to save himself or others from a serious and imminent danger to the person, to which he did not voluntarily give cause, and which he could not otherwise avoid. Well, these extremes of the state of necessity all apply in the case of the surgeon, who, put in the harsh condition, not created by him, extinguishes an imperfect and perhaps uncertain existence, to save a certain and real existence, which is that of the woman in childbirth." (in Italian)
    491. ↑ Abortion and the Catholic Church, Pro-Life Activist's Encyclopedia, American Life League.
    492. ↑ Under Vatican ruling, abortion triggers automatic excommunication, National Catholic Reporter, 17 January 2003.
    493. ↑ Penal Code of Venezuela, Official Gazette of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 20 October 2000. Article 435 (in Spanish).
    494. ↑ Protocols of care. Prenatal care and emergency obstetric care, Government of Venezuela, March 2014 (in Spanish).
    495. ↑ Trần Minh Nghĩa (24 August 2018). "HƯỚNG DÉN QUỐC GIA" [NATIONAL GUIDELINES] (PDF). Ministry of Health - Government of Vietnam (in Vietnamese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 November 2021.
    496. ↑ https://m.thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/the-thao-y-te/luat-bao-ve-suc-khoe-nhan-dan-1989-21-lct-hdnn8-37690.aspx 44
    497. ↑ Second Trimester Abortion in Viet Nam: Changing to Recommended Methods and Improving Service Delivery, Tuyet T.D. Hoang, Thuy Phan and Trang N.K. Huynh, 2 September 2008.
    498. ↑ Termination of Pregnancy and Abortion in Vietnam, Angloinfo.
    499. ↑ Country Profile on Sexual and Reproductive Rights: Vietnam, Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women, 2017.
    500. ↑ https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1197106/1504_1218032308_republican-decree-by-law-no-12-for-1994-concerning-crimes-and-penalties.pdf (penal code) https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=11424 art.240 https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=11755
    501. ↑ The Termination of Pregnancy Act, National Assembly of Zambia.
    502. ↑ Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (2001). National Guidelines for Post Abortion Care (PDF) (1st ed.). Harare: Hunyani Printopak. ISBN 1-779-09-010-2.
    503. ↑ "Induced Abortion and Postabortion Care in Zimbabwe". Guttmacher Institute. October 2018. In practice, it is extremely difficult to obtain a legal abortion; as a result, most abortions are clandestine and potentially unsafe. Updated as of 16 July 2019.
    504. ↑ "Termination Of Pregnancy Act [Chapter 15:10] – law.co.zw".
    505. ↑ "National Guidelines for Comprehensive Abortion care in Zimbabwe - 2014" (PDF). Ministry of Health and Child Care. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021.
    506. ↑ Abortion Ordinance, Sovereign Base Areas Gazette, 21 October 1974.
    507. ↑ 46.3903 Authorized abortions, Annotated Code of American Samoa, American Samoa Bar Association.
    508. ↑ Criminal Code of Anguilla, Government of Anguilla, 15 December 2014.
    509. ↑ Criminal Code of Aruba, Government of Aruba, 28 September 2021. Articles 2:270 to 2:272 (in Dutch).
    510. ↑ Criminal Code Act 1907, Bermuda Laws Online, 30 August 2020.
    511. ↑ Criminal Code of the Virgin Islands, Government of the British Virgin Islands, 1997.
    512. ↑ Penal Code, Government of the Cayman Islands, 2019.
    513. ↑ Crimes Act 1969, Cook Islands Sessional Legislation, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. Sections 202–207.
    514. ↑ Crimes Bill 2017, Cook Islands Parliament.
    515. ↑ Bills, Cook Islands Parliament.
    516. ↑ Cook Islands, Population Policy Data Bank, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
    517. ↑ Criminal Code, Government of Curaçao, 2019. (in Dutch)
    518. ↑ Much-needed abortion law is missing, Antilliaans Dagblad, 17 February 2015. (in Dutch)
    519. ↑ Crimes Ordinance 2014, Falkland Islands Government, 2019.
    520. 1 2 Law no. 177 of 23 June 1956 on measures in connection with pregnancy etc., last amended by assembly law no. 168 from 16 December 2021, Løgting (in Danish and Faroese).
    521. 1 2 Crimes (Amendment) Act 2019, Government of Gibraltar.
    522. ↑ Gibraltar votes 'yes' to easing abortion laws, The Guardian, 25 June 2021.
    523. ↑ Law No. 232, Law for Greenland about Termination of Pregnancy, Government of Greenland, 12 June 1975 (in Danish and Greenlandic).
    524. ↑ Offenses against the family, Compiler of Laws of Guam, 2018.
    525. ↑ AG: Old abortion ban was always void; Legislature can now decide, The Guam Daily Post, 9 July 2022.
    526. ↑ Abortions are legal in Guam, but doctors won't perform them, Associated Press, 7 June 2019.
    527. ↑ No abortion providers on Guam, Pacific Daily News, 30 June 2018.
    528. 1 2 3 4 Law on abortion, Guernsey Legal Resources, 1910. (in French)
    529. 1 2 Abortion (Guernsey) Law, 1997, Guernsey Legal Resources, consolidated text effective 2 February 2022.
    530. ↑ Billet d'État (state note), States of Alderney, 20 July 2022.
    531. ↑ Abortion (Alderney) Law, 2022, Guernsey Legal Resources.
    532. ↑ Cap. 212 Offences against the person ordinance, Hong Kong e-Legislation.
    533. ↑ Abortion Reform Act 2019, Isle of Man Legislation.
    534. ↑ Termination of Pregnancy (Jersey) Law 1997, Jersey Legal Information Board, 2019.
    535. ↑ Decree-Law no. 59/95/M, Official Press of Macau, 2004. (in Portuguese)
    536. ↑ "Penal Code" (PDF). Government of Montserrat. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2018.
    537. ↑ Niue Laws, Volume 3, Government of Niue, December 2006, p. 1168. Niue Act 1966, sections 166–168.
    538. ↑ Niue, Population Policy Data Bank, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations. Archived from the original on 11 January 2005.
    539. ↑ Niue Act 1966, New Zealand Government, reprint as of 1 March 2017.
    540. ↑ Table of Acts in Force, Government of Niue, 1 June 2016.
    541. ↑ Niue Laws, Volume 1, Government of Niue, December 2006, pp. 15–16. Constitution of Niue, section 36.
    542. 1 2 3 Attorney General Opinion, Commonwealth Law Revision Commission, 10 March 1995.
    543. ↑ Crimes and punishments, Trust Territory Code, chapter 2.
    544. ↑ Health clinics performing abortions?, Saipan Tribune, 25 May 2000.
    545. ↑ Pitcairn laws, Government of the Pitcairn Islands.
    546. 1 2 3 Penal Code of Puerto Rico of 2012, Government of Puerto Rico, 7 June 2022. Articles 98 to 100 (in Spanish).
    547. ↑ El Pueblo de Puerto Rico v. Pablo Duarte Mendoza, Decisiones de Puerto Rico, 17 April 1980 (in Spanish).
    548. ↑ Department of Justice will not prosecute women and health professionals for the practice of abortion in Puerto Rico, Department of Justice of Puerto Rico, 26 June 2022 (in Spanish).
    549. ↑ General Introduction to Legislation, Saint Helena Government.
    550. ↑ Abortion Act (UK) (Tristan da Cunha) Ordinance, 1967, Saint Helena Government, 2017.
    551. ↑ Criminal Code, Government of Sint Maarten, 2013. (in Dutch)
    552. ↑ Crimes, Procedure and Evidence Rules 2003, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute, 2016.
    553. ↑ Handbook for the Law Commissioners of Tokelau, Government of Tokelau, August 2008.
    554. ↑ Offences Against the Person Ordinance, Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands, 31 March 2018.
    555. ↑ Abortion, 2019 US Virgin Islands Code, Title 14 § 151.
    556. ↑ Worrell, Marc. "Abortion Laws Worldwide". Women on Waves.
    557. ↑ "The World's Abortion Laws | Center for Reproductive Rights". reproductiverights.org. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
    558. ↑ "El Salvador will seek third trial of woman accused of 'murdering' stillborn". The Guardian. Reuters. 6 September 2019. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
    559. ↑ "El Salvador: Rape survivor sentenced to 30 years in jail under extreme anti-abortion law". www.amnesty.org. 6 July 2017.
    560. ↑ "El Salvador: Women jailed for miscarriages". BBC News. 28 April 2015.
    561. ↑ "El Salvador: Court Hears Case on Total Abortion Ban". Human Rights Watch. 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
    562. 1 2 3 "What Ireland's history with abortion might teach us about a post-Roe America". PBS NewsHour. 18 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
    563. 1 2 Axt, Barbara (11 July 2022). "Caribbean Abortion Laws - Comparative Guide". Global Citizen Solutions. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
    564. ↑ "How Doctors Date Pregnancies, Explained". Rewire. 17 October 2013.
    565. ↑ Choices, NHS (18 October 2017). "Abortion". www.nhs.uk.
    566. ↑ "Pregnancy—first day of the last menstrual period". meteor.aihw.gov.au.
    567. ↑ "Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD) Pregnancy Calculator". reference.medscape.com.
    568. ↑ "gestational age". TheFreeDictionary.com.
    569. ↑ "About the Abortion Act". Government.no. 18 May 2000.
    570. ↑ Kliff, Sarah (15 October 2008). "Abortion: What the 'Health' Exemption Really Means". Newsweek.
    571. ↑ "States Probe Limits of Abortion Policy". The Pew Charitable Trusts. 22 June 2006. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
    572. ↑ Center for Reproductive Rights. (n.d.). Picketing and Harassment. Retrieved 14 December 2006. Archived 30 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
    573. ↑ "Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996 [No. 92 of 1996] – G 17602". www.saflii.org.
    574. ↑ Bhalla, Nita (3 November 2020). "Kenyan charities urge government to quit U.S.-led anti-abortion pact". Reuters. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
    575. ↑ Azoulay v. The Queen, 1952 CanLII 4, [1952] 2 S.C.R. 495 (11 April 1952), Supreme Court (Canada)
    576. ↑ R v Davidson (Menhennitt ruling) [1969] VicRp 85, VR 667, Supreme Court (Vic, Australia)
    577. ↑ T., S. c/ Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires s/ amparo, Supreme Court of Argentina, 11 January 2001 (in Spanish).
    578. ↑ R v Sood (No 3) [2006] NSWSC 762, Supreme Court (NSW, Australia)
    579. ↑ Tysiąc v Poland, Council of Europe, 20 March 2007.
    580. ↑ Women's Rights in the Abortion Decision of the Slovak Constitutional Court, 2014.
    581. ↑ Advocate Achyut Prasad Kharel v. Office of Prime-minister and Council of Ministers, Kathmandu and Ors. (Supreme Court of Nepal 4 August 2008), Text.
    582. ↑ Nepal Supreme Court: Abortion Is a Right, 3 January 2011.
    583. ↑ "British Pregnancy Advisory Service v Secretary of State for Health [2011] EWHC 235 (Admin) (14 February 2011)".
    584. ↑ F., A. L. s/medida autosatisfactiva, Supreme Court of Argentina, 13 March 2012 (in Spanish).
    585. ↑ "INTERRUPÇÃO DA GRAVIDEZ" [PREGNANCY INTERRUPTION]. Supremo Tribunal Federal - Justice - Brazil (in Portuguese). 26 April 2013. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014.
    586. ↑ "P. and S. v. Poland" (PDF). Center for Reproductive Rights. 11 April 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2013.
    587. ↑ "Sala de lo Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia" [Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice] (PDF). Government of San Salvador (in Spanish). 28 May 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2021.
    588. ↑ Sentence 0206/2014, Plurinational Constitutional Court, 5 February 2014 (in Spanish).
    589. ↑ Dominican Republic Constitutional Court Repeals Abortion Law, 12 April 2015.
    590. ↑ RPA 0787/15/HC/KIG, Women's Link Worldwide, 30 October 2015.
    591. ↑ Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia No. UI-60/1991 and others of 21 February 2017 and Separate opinion, Narodne novine (in Croatian).
    592. ↑ "In the matter of an application by the NI Human Rights Commission for JR (NI) and Reference by the Court of Appeal in NI pursuant to Paragraph 33 of Schedule 10 to the NI Act 1998 (Abortion) (NI)" (PDF). The Supreme Court (UKSC). 7 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2018.
    593. ↑ Ruling No. 4/2563 (2020), Constitutional Court of Thailand, 19 February B.E. 2563 (2020). Archived from the original on 10 November 2021.
    594. ↑ Sentence C-088/20, Constitutional Court of Colombia, 2 March 2020 (in Spanish).
    595. ↑ Press Release No. 273/2021: SCJN invalidates provision of the Sinaloa Constitution that protected the right to life from conception and limited the right of women to reproductive autonomy, Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 9 September 2021 (in Spanish).
    596. ↑ Manetto, Francesco (21 September 2021). "La Suprema Corte invalida la objeción de conciencia médica e insta al Congreso a revisar la ley" [The Supreme Court invalidates medical conscientious objection and urges Congress to review the law]. El País (in Spanish).
    597. ↑ Press Release No. 276/2021: The SCJN invalidates the precept of the general health law that provided for conscious objection of medical and nursing personnel without establishing the necessary safeguards to guarantee the right to health, Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 20 September 2021 (in Spanish).
    598. ↑ Manuela and Others v. El Salvador, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 2 November 2021 (in Spanish).
    599. ↑ India's top court gives equal abortion access to all women, Associated Press, 29 September 2022.

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