Annie Sprinkle
Annie Sprinkle in 2005
Born
Ellen F. Steinberg

(1954-07-23) July 23, 1954[1]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Spouse
​
(m. 2007)​
Websiteanniesprinkle.org

Annie M. Sprinkle (born Ellen F. Steinberg on July 23, 1954) is an American certified sexologist,[2] performance artist, former sex worker, and advocate for sex work and health care.[3] Sprinkle has worked as a prostitute, sex educator, feminist stripper, pornographic film actress, and sex film producer and director.[4][5] In 1996, she became the first known porn star to get a doctoral degree,[2] earning a PhD in human sexuality from the Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality in San Francisco.[6][7] Identifying as ecosexual, Sprinkle is best known for her self-help style of pornography, teaching individuals about pleasure, and for her conventional pornographic film Deep Inside Annie Sprinkle (1981).[8] Through the production of feminist based pornographic content, include understanding of female genitalia and pornography based on women's desires, Sprinkle has contributed to feminist pornography and the larger social movement of feminism; she is also known for contributing to the rise of the post-porn movement and bisexual/lesbian pornography.[9][4] Sprinkle, a bisexual and member of the LGBTQ+ community, married her long-time partner Beth Stephens in Canada on January 14, 2007.

Life and career

Sprinkle was born Ellen F. Steinberg on July 23, 1954, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,[1] to a Russian-Jewish mother and a Polish-Jewish father.[10] Her family moved to Los Angeles, California, when she was five years old, and she lived in Panama from age thirteen to seventeen.[7] At eighteen, she began working at the ticket booth at the Cine-Plaza Theatre in Tucson, Arizona, when Deep Throat (1972) was playing.[11] The film was busted, and when Steinberg had to appear in court as a witness, she met and began a relationship with Deep Throat's director, Gerard Damiano, becoming his mistress. She followed him to New York City, where she lived for twenty-two years.[11]

Not long after becoming Damiano's mistress, Steinberg began working in porn herself and, at that time, started calling herself "Annie." As her career continued, she says that one night, "as if from the goddess herself," the name "Annie Sprinkle" came to her.[12] She later changed her name legally to Annie Sprinkle.[13] Her first porn movie was Teenage Deviate released in 1975. Perhaps her best known mainstream porn featured role was in Deep Inside Annie Sprinkle (co-directed by Sprinkle and sexploitation veteran Joseph W. Sarno) which was the No. 2 grossing porn film of 1981.[8]

In 1991, Sprinkle created the Sluts and Goddesses workshop, which became the basis for her 1992 production The Sluts and Goddesses Video Workshop – Or How To Be A Sex Goddess in 101 Easy Steps. The film was co-produced and co-directed with videographer Maria Beatty, and it featured music by composer Pauline Oliveros. Sprinkle pioneered new genres of sexually explicit film and video such as edu-porn, gonzo, post porn, xxx docudrama, art porn, and feminist erotica.[14] Sprinkle has also presented many sex workshops with fellow sex facilitator Barbara Carrellas, with whom she presented the stage production Metamorphosex.[15]

Sprinkle has appeared in almost 200 films, including hard- and softcore pornography, B movies, loops, and numerous documentaries. She starred in Nick Zedd's experimental films War Is Menstrual Envy (1992), Ecstasy in Entropy (1999), and Electra Elf: The Beginning (2005). She also appeared in various television shows including four HBO Real Sex programs. She has also produced, directed, and starred in several of her own films, such as Annie Sprinkle's Herstory of Porn, Annie Sprinkle's Amazing World of Orgasm, and Linda/Les & Annie—The First Female to Male Transsexual Love Story. Her work in adult films earned her a spot on the Adult Star Path of Fame in Edison, New Jersey, and she was inducted to both the AVN Hall of Fame and the XRCO Hall of Fame in 1999. For three decades, she has presented her work as a visiting artist at many major universities and colleges in the US and Europe.

Annie Sprinkle is known as the "prostitute and porn star turned sex educator and artist."[16] Her best known theater and performance art piece is her Public Cervix Announcement, in which she invites the audience to "celebrate the female body" by viewing her cervix with a speculum and flashlight.[17] She also performed The Legend of the Ancient Sacred Prostitute, in which she did a "sex magic" masturbation ritual on stage.[18] She has toured one-woman shows internationally for 17 years, some of which were titled Post Porn Modernist,[19][4] Annie Sprinkle's Herstory of Porn,[6][15] and Hardcore from the Heart. She then performed two-woman shows with Beth Stephens titled Exposed; Experiments in Love, Sex, Death and Art, Dirty Sex Ecology, Earthly: An Ecosex Bootcamp, and Ecosex Walking Tour.[20]

Her work and publications, spanning over four decades, are studied in courses at numerous universities, in theater history, women's studies, performance studies, LGBTQ studies and film studies courses. Through The New School of Erotic Touch, she has released several video classes, including Female Genital Massage and Amazing World of Orgasm.[21] Currently her lecture presentation is called "My Life and Work as a Feminist Porn Activist, Radical Sex Educator, and Ecosexual". She has also presented dozens of "Free Sidewalk Sex Clinics", offering free sex education to the public in public space.

Sprinkle's work has always been about sexuality, with a political, spiritual and artistic bent. In December 2005, she committed to doing seven years of art projects about love with her art collaborator and eventual wife, Beth Stephens. They called this their Love Art Laboratory. Part of their project was to do an experimental art wedding each year, and each year had a different theme and color. The seven-year structure was adapted to their project by invitation of artist Linda M. Montano.[22] Sprinkle and Stephens have done twenty-one art weddings, eighteen with ecosexual themes. They married the Earth, Sky, Sea, Moon, Appalachian Mountains, the Sun, and other non-human entities in nine different countries including at Montreal's Edgy Women Festival in 2011.[23]

She was featured in Maya Gallus's 1997 documentary film Erotica: A Journey Into Female Sexuality.[24]

Sprinkle and her partner Beth Stephens became pioneers of ecosexuality, a kind of earth-loving sexual identity, which states, "The Earth is our lover". Their Ecosex Manifesto proclaims that anyone can identify as an ecosexual along with being "GLBTQI, heterosexual, asexual, and/or Other."[25]

Sprinkle (right) with Beth Stephens in 2006

Sprinkle identifies as a sex-positive feminist, and much of her activist and sex education work reflects this philosophy. In 2009, she appeared in the French documentary film Mutantes: Punk, Porn, Feminism, speaking about the beginnings of the movement as well as her own contributions to it.[26]

In 2017, Sprinkle and Stephens were official artists in Documenta 14. They presented performances and visual art, lectured, and previewed their new film documentary, Water Makes Us Wet: An Ecosexual Adventure.[27][28]

Harvard's Schlesinger Library acquired her papers from 1967-2010, including those covering work with her partner Elizabeth Stephens. [29]

Feminism and Environmental Activism

Sprinkle is known as a contributor to the development of pornography that intends to be feminist[4] and is known for her disagreement with women against pornography, feminists who do not believe that the creation of feminist porn is possible and argue that porn is a means of hyper sexualization of women, that it is inherently harmful, promotes violence, and objectifies women.[30] In contrast Sprinkle is known for arguing that women should contribute to the production of pornography or other erotic media and that censorship or restrictions on pornography will not cease its production.[31][32]

As a porn actress, Sprinkle refused to play any submissive roles. She also drew greater attention to the female orgasm.[33] A stated aim of her performance art and other works has been to challenge the censorship of female genitals including the vulva, clitoris. vagina.[14]

Sprinkle and her wife Beth Stephens are known for naming and promoting a combination of environmental activism and sexuality called ecosexuality. They state ecosexuality involves seeing nature as a lover, viewing people's relationship with the Earth is two-sided and considering humans accountable for taking care of the planet and the planet as responsible for taking care of us.[34][35] Ecosexuality combining sexuality and ecology with an added focus on female sexuality and opposition to heterosexual and patriarchal sexual dynamics of dominance and exploitation places it within ecofeminism, which highlights how women and nature are treated similarly in a patriarchal society.[36]

After receiving her breast cancer diagnosis, Sprinkle made a collage of her breast tissue scans in order to provoke questions about whether a body that has been subject to surgical procedures and illness can be a sexual one.[14] Sprinkle continued to engage in this medical commentary by juxtaposing medical scans with erotic images and using an electrocardiogram to record the waves of an orgasm.[14] In her performance Public Cervix Announcement, Sprinkle inserted a speculum into her vaginal canal to display her cervix to the audience.[14] The previous acted as satirical-commentary on the private and invasive nature of gynecological procedures. Sprinkle has characterized her own art involving erotic and explicit imagery of the vulva and internal female anatomy is a feminist activism.[17]

Post-porn movement

The post-porn movement is a counterculture body of scholarship and ideals that were developed within Europe and the USA. Within the post-porn movement there is a critical lens applied to corporations producing pornography and non-corporate pornographic content is instead valued. The post-porn movement also values the production of pornography which centres queer and gender diverse folks as well as questions the racialization and reliance on stereotypes found in the pornography industry.[9] Sprinkle has contributed to the post-porn movement explicitly in her now retired show Post-Porn Modernist and implicitly through her artistic body of work which engages in critical reflection and parody.[9] Sprinkle has also contributed to this movement by challenging who can be represented in porn and which bodies are sexual ones.[14]

Publications

Sprinkle as pictured on cover of her book Spectacular Sex (2005)
  • With Vera, V.; De Ridder, W. (1985). Annie Sprinkles ABC Study of Sexual Lust and Deviations. New York: Radio Art Publications. OCLC 80467203.
  • The Kinky World of Annie Sprinkle. New York: Hudson Communications. 1985.
  • "Beyond Bisexual" (1991). In Hutchins, L.; Kaahumanu, L. (eds.). Bi Any Other Name: Bisexual People Speak Out. Boston: Alyson Publications. pp. 103–107. ISBN 978-1-55583-174-5.
  • With Gates, K. (1995). Annie Sprinkle's Post-Modern Pin-Ups: Pleasure Activist Playing Cards. Richmond, Va.: Gates of Heck. ISBN 978-0-9638129-3-3.
  • アニー・スプリンクルの愛のヴァイブレーション [Annie Sprinkle's Love Vibrations] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kawade Shobo Shinsha. 1996. ISBN 978-4-309-26284-0.
  • With Gates, K.; Adams, C. (1997). XXXOOO: Love and Kisses from Annie Sprinkle (30 Post-Porn Postcards). New York: Gates of Heck. ISBN 978-1-889539-00-3.
  • "We've Come a Long Way—And We're Exhausted!" (1997). In Nagle, Jill (ed.). Whores and Other Feminists. New York: Routledge. pp. 66–69. ISBN 978-0-415-91822-0.
  • Annie Sprinkle [Post-Porn Modernist: My 25 Years as a Multi-Media Whore]. San Francisco: Cleis Press. 1998. ISBN 978-1-57344-039-4.
  • With Cody, Gabrielle H. (2001). Hardcore from the Heart: The Pleasures, Profits and Politics of Sex in Performance. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-4893-4.
  • "Contributor". In: Webb, Spider (2001). Tattooed Women. Atglen, Penn.: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-1540-4.
  • Dr. Sprinkle's Spectacular Sex: Make Over Your Love Life with One of the World's Great Sex Experts. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin. 2005. ISBN 978-1-58542-412-2.
  • With Jong, Ellen (2006). Pees on Earth. New York: PowerHouse Books. ISBN 978-1-5768-7317-5.
  • "Foreword" (2007). In: Carrellas, Barbara (January 2007). Urban Tantra: Sacred Sex for the Twenty-First Century. Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts. ISBN 978-1-58761-290-9.
  • "Foreword" (2014). In: Sundahl, Deborah (November 21, 2023). Female Ejaculation and the G-Spot: Not Your Mother's Orgasm Book! (revised 2nd ed.). Nashville, Tenn.: Hunter House Publishers. ISBN 978-0-89793-702-3..
  • With Stephens, Beth (2017). Laimer, Quinn; Symczyk, Adam (eds.). Documenta 14: Daybook: Athens, 8 April-Kassel, 17 September 2017. Munich: Prestel Verlag. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-3-7913-5655-6.
  • With Stephens, Beth (2017). Explorer's Guide to Planet Orgasm: For Every Body. Illustrated by Yu Dori. Greenery Press. ISBN 978-0-937609-85-9.

Filmography

Film and TV credits
Year Film Role Notes
2017 Water Makes Us Wet: An Ecosexual Adventure Lead, Director
2013 Goodbye Gauley Mountain: an Ecosexual Love Story (Video)
2012 Lesbian Sex Education: Female Ejaculation (Video)
2011 Kenny Hotz's Triumph of the Will Self Episode 4
2009 Mutantes: Punk, Porn, Feminism
2005 H.C.E. Various
2005 Electra Elf: The Beginning Parts One & Two
2005 The Keep (Short)
1999 Ecstasy in Entropy (Short)
1997 The Fanny (Video)
1996 Bubbles Galore God
1992 Pinned and Smothered (Video)
1992 War Is Menstrual Envy
1992 Linda/Les and Annie Self Directed by Johnny Armstrong, Albert Jaccoma, Annie Sprinkle[37]
1992 25 Year Old Gay Man Loses His Virginity to a Woman Self Directed by Philip B. Roth
1991 Mature Women 2 (Video)
1991 Shadows in the City Ex-Girlfriend Directed by Ari Roussimoff
1991 My Father Is Coming Annie Directed by Monika Treut[38]
1990 Fantasy Salon
1990 The Golden Boat Waitress
1989 Young Nurses in Love Twin Falls
1988 Bazooka County (Video)
1988 Dreams of Desire
1988 Hotter Than July
1988 The Horneymooners (Video) Jane Norris
1988 Tattoo Vampire (Video)
1987 Rites of Passion
1987 She Comes in Colors
1987 She-Male Encounters 5: Orgy at the Poysinberry Bar
1987 The Lingerie Shop
1986 Sweet Revenge
1986 Wimps (Video) Head Stripper
1985 Spitfire Lulu
1984 Electric Blue 12 (Video) Shelly
1984 Throat... 12 Years After The Sewer Mother
1983 Big Busty 3 (Video)
1983 Kneel Before Me Wife / Justine (as Annie Sprinkles)
1983 Oriental Techniques in Pain and Pleasure Annie (as Annie Sprinkles)
1982 Night on the Town
1981 Bizarre Styles Annie
1981 Pandora's Mirror The Queen of the club (as Miss Annie Sprinkle)
1981 Centerfold Fever Annie
1981 Twilite Pink Prostitute (as Annie Sprinkles)
1981 Deep Inside Annie Sprinkle
1980 Midnight Blue 2
1980 The Satisfiers of Alpha Blue Satisfier
1979 For Richer for Poorer Party Guest (uncredited)
1979 Jack n' Jill First Caller
1978 The Ganja Express Sherry Herring
1977 Unwilling Lovers Hooker with Stole (as Annie Sprinkles)
1977 Cherry Hustlers Sprink (uncredited)
1977 The Devil Inside Her Orgy Girl (as Annie Sprinkles)
1976 Wet-X-Mas
1976 Funk
1976 Come with Me My Love Tess Albertino
1976 The Affairs of Janice Susan (uncredited)
1976 Call Me Angel, Sir Tracy Dixon
1976 The Double Exposure of Holly Muff (as Annie Sprinkles)
1976 Slippery When Wet Stella Wilkins (as Annie Sprinkles)
1976 Bang Bang You Got It! Rhoda Thomas
1976 My Erotic Fantasies Russian Porn Actress
1976 Seduction Girl at bridge party No. 1
1976 The Night of Submission Editor's Mistress
1976 Teenage Cover Girls Anne Sands (as Anne Sands)
1976 Once Over Nightly
1976 M*A*S*H'd Gail
1976 Expose Me, Lovely Robin (as Annie Sprinkles)
1976 Ecstasy in Blue Hentai
1976 Teenage Deviate Ella (as Annie Sprinkles)
1976 Honey Pie Blow Job Annie (as Ann Sprinkle)
1976 Pornocopia Sensual Susan
1975 Fanny June (uncredited)
1975 Satan Was a Lady Terry (as Anny Sands) Directed by Doris Wishman
1975 Wild Pussycats
1975 French Shampoo (Homage to W. B.) Little Mary
1975 Too Hot to Handle Ellen (as Annie Sands)
1975 Sherlick Holmes
1975 Kathy's Graduation Present Anita (uncredited)
1975 Teenage Masseuse (as Annie Sprinkles)
1975 The American Andventures of Surelick Holmes Stewardess (uncredited)
1975 My Master My Love Margaret's Brunette Client (as Annie Sands)
1975 Sue Prentiss R.N. First Nurse (uncredited)
1975 Blow Some My Way B.J.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Sprinkle, Annie (1998). Annie Sprinkle [Post-Porn Modernist: My 25 Years as a Multi-Media Whore]. San Francisco: Cleis Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-57344-039-4. I was born Ellen F. Steinberg on July 23, 1954, 11:34 a.m. in Philadelphia, the first of four children.
  2. 1 2 Garretson, Tom (2006). "Sprinkle, Annie". In Ditmore, Melissa Hope (ed.). Encyclopedia of Prostitution and Sex Work. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 458–459. ISBN 978-0-313-32968-5.
  3. ↑ Bell, Shannon (1994). "Writing the prostitute body: feminist reproductions". In Bell, Shannon (ed.). Reading, writing, and rewriting the prostitute body. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 79–80; note 24, p. 203. ISBN 978-0-253-20859-0. Citing:
  4. 1 2 3 4 Williams, Linda (Winter 1993). "A provoking agent: the pornography and performance art of Annie Sprinkle". Social Text. 37 (37): 117–133. doi:10.2307/466263. JSTOR 466263. Beginning her professional performance career as a masseuse, soon after becoming a whore, Sprinkle next expanded into burlesque and live sex shows, then to writing for sex magazines and performing in pornographic films and videos, where she eventually became a director. Reprinted in:
    Church Gibson, Pamela; Gibson, Roma, eds. (1993). Dirty looks: women, pornography, power. London: BFI Pub. pp. 176–192. ISBN 978-0-85170-403-6.
  5. ↑ Brown, David J.; Novick, Rebecca McClen (1995). "The Pleasure Principle with Annie Sprinkle". Voices From the Edge: Conversations With Jerry Garcia, Ram Dass, Annie Sprinkle, Matthew Fox, Jaron Lanier, & Others. Freedom, Calif.: Crossing Press. pp. 26–53. ISBN 978-0-89594-732-1.
  6. 1 2 Smith, Tyler Stoddard (2012). "Hustling for a higher cause". In Smith, Tyler Stoddard (ed.). Whore Stories: A Revealing History of the World's Oldest Profession. Avon, Mass.: Adams Media. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-1-4405-3605-2.
  7. 1 2 "Annie's Ecosex Herstory". Sexecology.org. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  8. 1 2 Little, Reg (June 18, 2009). "Iffley and the former porn star". Oxford Times. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
  9. 1 2 3 Jacobs, Katrien (2014). "Internationalizing porn studies". Porn Studies. 1 (1–2): 114–119. doi:10.1080/23268743.2014.882178. ISSN 2326-8743.
  10. ↑ Kramer, Tamara (February 18, 2011). "Annie Sprinkle". Shtetl on the Shortwave (podcast). Montreal: CKUT-FM. Event occurs at 6:32 – via Shtetl: Your Alternative Jewish Magazine.
  11. 1 2 "Annie Sprinkle: The Early Years – Podcast 05". The Rialto Report. April 7, 2013.
  12. ↑ Reyes, Dean Luis. "Annie Sprinkle". Miradas: Revista del Audiovisual (in Spanish). Havana: Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008.
  13. ↑ Turner, Jen (April 24, 2006). "Famed sexologist doesn't beat around the bush with sex lectures". The Eagle. Washington, D.C.: American University. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chandler, Meghan (October 2014). "The erotic anatomies of Charles Estienne and Annie Sprinkle". Porn Studies. 1 (4): 391–401. doi:10.1080/23268743.2014.958385. ISSN 2326-8743.
  15. 1 2 Rees, Emma L. E. (2013). The Vagina: A Literary and Cultural History. A & C Black. pp. 249–253. ISBN 978-1-6235-6871-9.
  16. ↑ Menon, Rekha (2010). Seductive aesthetics of postcolonialism. Hampton Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-57273-973-4. How can one miss, the Sex Goddess, Annie Sprinkle (the postporn modern artist), Tantric inspired cosmic Kali, Sprinkle as the Neo Sacred Prostitute / Goddess. She is known as the prostitute and porn star turned sex educator and artist. Sprinkle's work has always been about sexuality, with a political, spiritual, and artistic bent.
  17. 1 2 Kapsalis, Terri (1997). Public Privates: Performing Gynecology from Both Ends of the Speculum. Duke University Press. pp. 113–134. ISBN 978-0-8223-1928-3.
  18. ↑ Ksander, Yael (September 16, 2015). "The Ecosexuals: Tree-Hugging And Then Some". Indiana Public Media. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  19. ↑ Czekay, Angelika (Spring 1993). "Distance and empathy: constructing the spectator of Annie Sprinkle's post-Post Porn Modernist – still in search of the ultimate sexual experience". Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism. 7 (2): 177–192. Today, after seventeen years in the porn industry, ex-sex worker Annie Sprinkle is a performance artist. In her recent performance piece Post-Post Porn Modernist Still in Search of the Ultimate Sexual Experience, Sprinkle talks about her life as a former porn star and ex-prostitute. PDF.
  20. ↑ Hopman, Ellen Evert; Bond, Lawrence (1996). People of the Earth: The New Pagans Speak Out. Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books. pp. 146–151. ISBN 978-0-89281-559-3. Reissued as:
    Being a Pagan: Druids, Wiccans & Witches Today. Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books. 2002. ISBN 978-0-89281-904-1
  21. ↑ "Annie Sprinkle Ph.D. | New School". csb.eroticmassage.com. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  22. ↑ Benn, D. (2006). "Annie Sprinkle on the Adult Star Path of Fame: 43 Stars Laid in New Jersey". Porno News Network.
  23. ↑ Johns, Merryn (March 1, 2011). "Top Ten Reasons We Love...: Annie Sprinkle & Elizabeth Stephens". Curve. Vol. 21, no. 2. p. 80. ISSN 1087-867X.
  24. ↑ Kennedy, Janice (February 10, 1999). "Exploring female sexuality: Documentary a revealing look at women's erotica". Ottawa Citizen. ISSN 0839-3222.
  25. ↑ "Ecosex Manifesto". Sexecology.org. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  26. ↑ "Mutantes at IMDb". IMDb. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  27. ↑ Theobald, Stephanie (May 15, 2017). "Nature is your lover, not your mother: meet ecosexual pioneer Annie Sprinkle". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  28. ↑ "Documenta 14: Annie Sprinkle ('Ecosexual Walking Tour' of female porn activist in Kassel)" (video). Kunst und Film. July 12, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2018 – via YouTube. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ Sprinkle, Annie. "Papers of Annie Sprinkle, 1967-2010". Schlesinger Library. Harvard Library. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
  30. ↑ Long, Julia (2012). Anti-porn: the resurgence of anti-pornography feminism. London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-78032-026-7.
  31. ↑ McKee, Alan (2008). The Porn Report. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-522-85340-7.
  32. ↑ Taormino, Tristan; et al., eds. (2013). The Feminist Porn Book: The Politics of Producing Pleasure. New York: The Feminist Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-55861-818-3.
  33. ↑ Sayej, Nadja (September 30, 2019). "Sexologist Annie Sprinkle Isn't Covering Anything Up". Interview Magazine. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  34. ↑ "EcoSexuality: 7 Things You Need To Know About This Sexual Identity". HuffPost UK. July 3, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  35. ↑ Richter, Nicole (March 2018). "Review: SerenaGaia Anderlini-D'Onofrio and Lindsay Hagamen (eds), Ecosexuality: When Nature Inspires the Arts of Love". Sexualities. 21 (3). doi:10.1177/1363460717737490. ISSN 1363-4607. S2CID 148905993.
  36. ↑ Miles, Kathryn (November 14, 2013). "Ecofeminism". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  37. ↑ "Linda/Les and Annie (1992)". IMDb. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  38. ↑ "My Father Is Coming (1991)". IMDb. Retrieved August 22, 2018.

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