| Dates | 24 November – 10 December 2023 |
|---|---|
| Administrator(s) | Pakistan Cricket Board |
| Cricket format | Twenty20 |
| Tournament format(s) | Group stage and knockout |
| Host(s) |  Pakistan |
| Champions | Karachi Whites (2nd title) |
| Runners-up | Abbottabad |
| Participants | 18 |
| Matches | 63 |
| Player of the series | Iftikhar Ahmed (395 runs and 18 wickets) |
| Most runs | Sahibzada Farhan (492 runs) |
| Most wickets | Shahab Khan (25 wickets) |
| Official website | National T20 Cup |
The 2023–24 National T20 Cup was a Twenty20 domestic cricket competition played in Pakistan. It was the 20th season of the National T20 Cup, with the tournament starting from 24 November 2023 and the final played on 10 December 2023.[1] Sindh were the defending champions, winning the 2022-23 edition.[2][3][4][5]
Overview
National T20 2023-24 began from 24 November and lasted until 10 December. 18 teams took part in the tournament which was played across four venues – National Bank Stadium, UBL Sports Complex, HPC Oval Ground and NBP Sports Complex – in Karachi.
Broadcasting
All matches played at National Bank Stadium were broadcast on PTV Sports and ARY ZAP in Pakistan, and live-streamed on YouTube in overseas territories. Double-header matches at National Bank Stadium began at 15:00 PKT and 20:00 PKT, with toss conducted at 14:30 PKT and 19:30 PKT respectively.
Free Entry
The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) announced free entry for spectators for all matches being played at National Bank Stadium. The Hanif Mohammad, Javed Miandad and Fazal Mahmood enclosures were accessible for spectators.
The 63-match tournament was structured to open with group stage games, which will be followed by Super Eight matches. A total of 32 group stage matches were played from 24 to 28 November. 18 participating teams were put in four groups.
Teams Meetup
The first set of fixtures saw Lahore Whites face Larkana and Karachi Blues face Peshawar at NBP Sports Complex in Group A. In Group B, Karachi Whites played against Islamabad and Hyderabad played against DM Jamali at UBL Sports Complex. Rawalpindi took on Abbottabad and Faisalabad faced Bahawalpur at National Bank Stadium for Group C and lastly, for group D, HPC Oval Ground hosted the Multan-Sialkot clash and FATA-AJK game.
Super 8 Stage
The top two teams from each group progressed to the Super Eight stage, which was played in a round-robin format from 1 to 8 December.
Final
Following the Super Eight stage, the top four teams qualified for the semi-finals. Both semi-finals were played on 9 December at National Bank Stadium, at 15:00 PKT and 20:00 PKT respectively. The final was played at the same venue on 10 December. The toss took place at 19:30 PKT and the first ball was bowled at 20:00 PKT.
Background
This was the first edition of the tournament played since the PCB 2014 Constitution was reinstated. The previous edition of National T20, which featured six sides, was won by Sindh who clinched their maiden title after defeating defending champions Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by eight wickets. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lost out on securing a hat-trick of titles after winning both the 2020-21 and 2021-22 editions.
Format
The 18 qualifying teams were divided into four groups of five, with the top two teams in each group advancing to the Super 8 round. In this stage, the qualifying teams were split into one group of 8. The top four teams in the Super 8 qualified for the knockout stage, which consisted of two semi-finals and a final.[6]
Teams
| Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D |
|---|---|---|---|
Squads
Group A
| Karachi Blues | Lahore Whites | Larkana | Peshawar | Quetta |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
Group B
| Dera Murad Jamali | Hyderabad | Islamabad | Karachi Whites | Lahore Blues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
| |
Group C
| Abbottabad | Bahawalpur | Faisalabad | Rawalpindi |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
| |
Group D
| Azad Jammu & Kashmir | FATA | Multan | Sialkot |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
| |
Group stage
The group stage will consist of four groups of five teams, played as a single round-robin format. The top two teams in each group will progress to the Super 8 stage.
Group A
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | NRR | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peshawar | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2.713 | Advanced to Super 8s |
| 2 | Lahore Whites | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1.368 | |
| 3 | Karachi Blues | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1.110 | |
| 4 | Larkana | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | −3.062 | |
| 5 | Quetta | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | −2.292 |
Source: ESPN Cricinfo
Larkana 137/8 (20 overs) |
v |
Lahore Whites 141/3 (16.5 overs) |
Umer Khalid 33 (19) Mohammad Irfan 3/12 (4 overs) |
Ahmed Shehzad 60 (52) Ali Asghar 1/24 (4 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Peshawar 101 (18.1 overs) |
v |
Karachi Blues 102/3 (18.2 overs) |
Mohammad Haris 39 (30) Waleed Azeem 3/24 (4 overs) |
- Karachi Blues won the toss and elected to field.
Lahore Whites 128/9 (20 overs) |
v |
Peshawar 129/3 (18.3 overs) |
- Peshawar won the toss and elected to field.
Quetta 145/8 (20 overs) |
v |
Karachi Blues 146/5 (19 overs) |
Jahanzaib Sultan 77 (55) Gohar Faiz 2/27 (4 overs) |
- Quetta won the toss and elected to bat.
Peshawar 158/2 (13 overs) |
v |
Quetta 89/7 (13 overs) |
- Quetta won the toss and elected to field.
- Match reduced to 13 overs per side due to rain.
Larkana 61 (16.5 overs) |
v |
Karachi Blues 63/1 (8.2 overs) |
Faraz Aziz 26 (32) Waleed Azeem 4/9 (3.5 overs) |
- Larkana won the toss and elected to bat.
Quetta 132/5 (20 overs) |
v |
Lahore Whites 135/1 (12 overs) |
Ahmed Shehzad 81 (44) Hanan Achakzai 1/22 (2 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Peshawar 248/2 (20 overs) |
v |
Larkana 122/7 (20 overs) |
Umar Khalid 33 (30) Mohammad Imran 2/15 (4 overs) |
- Larkana won the toss and elected to field.
Larkana 125 (20 overs) |
v |
Quetta 110 (19.5 overs) |
Imtiaz Leghari 48* (24) Salahuddin 3/2 (1 over) |
- Quetta won the toss and elected to field.
Karachi Blues 150/7 (20 overs) |
v |
Lahore Whites 154/3 (18 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Group B
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | NRR | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lahore Blues | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0.223 | Advanced to Super 8s |
| 2 | Karachi Whites | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1.165 | |
| 3 | Islamabad | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | −0.055 | |
| 4 | Dera Murad Jamali | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | −0.321 | |
| 5 | Hyderabad | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | −0.878 |
Source: ESPN Cricinfo
Karachi Whites 121/6 (18.3 overs) |
v |
Islamabad 119/7 (20 overs) |
Asad Shafiq 59 (36) Shayan Shaikh 2/14 (4 overs) |
Hassan Nawaz 26 (21) Arif Yaqoob 4/18 (4 overs) |
- Karachi Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Hyderabad 116/8 (20 overs) |
v |
Dera Murad Jamali 117 (19.3 overs) |
Muhammad Suleman 39 (39) Mohammad Ayaz 2/26 (overs) |
Zubair Khan 36 (34) Majid Asghar 3/15 (4 overs) |
- Dera Murad Jamali won the toss and elected to Bat.
Karachi Whites 183/2(17.5 Overs) |
v |
Dera Murad Jamali 182/6 (20 Overs) |
Fahad Hussain 45 (26) Ziaullah 3/36 (4 overs) |
- Karachi Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Hyderabad 153/6 (20 Overs) |
v |
Lahore Blues 154/9 (20 Overs) |
Mohammad Suleman 57 (49) Hunain Shah 3/20 (4 overs) |
Imran Butt 48 (32) Jawad Ali 3/38 (4 overs) |
- Hyderabad won the toss and elected to Bat.
Lahore Blues 159/8 (20 Overs) |
v |
Karachi Whites 154/7 (20 Overs) |
Imran Butt 54 (35) Aftab Ibrahim 2/15 (3 overs) |
- Karachi Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Islamabad 130/8 (20 overs) |
v |
Dera Murad Jamali 127 (19.1 overs) |
Hammad Saddique 51* (41) Salim Mal 2/26 (4 overs) |
Zubair Khan 46 (40) Umair Afridi 4/24 (3.1 overs) |
- Dera Murad Jamali won the toss and elected to Bat.
Lahore Blues 142/5 (19.3 overs) |
v |
Dera Murad Jamali 139/9 (20 overs) |
Rizwan Hussain 45 (39) Nasir Khan 2/16 (4 overs) |
Nasir Khan 30 (29) Asfand Mehran3/24 (4 overs) |
- Dera Murad Jamali won the toss and elected to Bat.
Islamabad 153/3 (20 overs) |
v |
Hyderabad 143/7 (20 overs) |
Mohammad Suleman 62 (56) Umair Afridi 3/22 (4 overs) |
- Islamabad won the toss and elected to Bat.
Lahore Blues 154/7 (20 overs) |
v |
Islamabad 149 (19.4 overs) |
Qasim Akram 64 (51) Umair Afridi 3/30 (4 overs) |
- Islamabad won the toss and elected to field.
Karachi Whites 103/3 (12.1 Overs) |
v |
Hyderabad 102 (18.4 Overs) |
Ammad Alam 53 (33) Asim Jutt 1/23 (3.1) |
Tayyab Ali Shah 32 (37) Sohail Khan 5/10 (3.4 overs) |
- Karachi Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Group C
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | NRR | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rawalpindi | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1.144 | Advanced to Super 8s |
| 2 | Abbottabad | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1.165 | |
| 3 | Faisalabad | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | −0.085 | |
| 4 | Bahawalpur | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | −2.492 |
Source: ESPN Cricinfo
Rawalpindi 180/7 (19.5 overs) |
v |
Abbottabad 177/5 (20 overs) |
Raza Ul Mustafa 42* (18) Aqib Khan 2/33 (2.5 overs) |
- Rawalpindi won the toss and elected to field.
Faisalabad 118/2 (15.3 Overs) |
v |
Bahawalpur 117/9 (20 Overs) |
Moinuddin 29 (29) Asad Raza 3/19 (4 overs) |
- Faisalabad won the toss and elected to field.
Rawalpindi 174/6 (20 Overs) |
v |
Faisalabad 147/9 (20 Overs) |
- Faisalabad won the toss and elected to field.
Rawalpindi 232/3 (20 overs) |
v |
Bahawalpur 195/7 (20 overs) |
Aun Shehzad 76 (47) Shiraz Khan 2/38 (4 overs) |
- Bahawalpur won the toss and elected to field.
Abbottabad 144/4 (18.3 overs) |
v |
Faisalabad 143 (20 overs) |
Muhammad Abdul Samad 47 (31) Shahhab 2/22 (4 overs) |
- Abbottabad won the toss and elected to field.
Group D
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | NRR | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sialkot | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2.347 | Advanced to Super 8s |
| 2 | FATA | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0.804 | |
| 3 | Multan | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0.380 | |
| 4 | Azad Jammu & Kashmir | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | −2.881 |
Source: ESPN Cricinfo
Multan 148/7 (20 overs) |
v |
Sialkot 148/8 (20 overs) |
Tahir Baig 66 (48) Tahir Hussain 4/26 (4 overs) |
- Multan won the toss and elected to field.
FATA 153/8 (20 Overs) |
v |
Azad Jammu & Kashmir 113/7 (20 Overs) |
Naveed Malik 41 (39) Shahid Aziz 4/20 (4) |
- FATA won the toss and elected to bat.
Azad Jammu & Kashmir 131/10 (19.2 Overs) |
v |
Multan 132/3 (17.3 Overs) |
Usman Maroof 51 (31) Tahir Hussain 3/21 (3.2 overs) |
Sharjeel Khan 53 (39) Naveed Malik 1/24 (4 overs) |
- Multan won the toss and elected to field.
Multan 153/5 (20 overs) |
v |
FATA 150/7 (20 overs) |
Samiullah 47 (50) Tahir Hussain 2/27 (4 overs) |
- FATA won the toss and elected to field.
Sialkot 60/1 (6 overs) |
v |
Azad Jammu & Kashmir 59 (18.2 overs) |
Naved Malik 24 (29) Usman Khalid 4/13 (4 overs) |
- Sialkot won the toss and elected to field.
Super 8s
After the group stage, the top two teams in each group will progress to the Super 8 stage which will be played as a single round-robin with the top four teams advancing to the knockout stage.[7][8][9]
Points Table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | NRR | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peshawar | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2.124 | Advanced to knockout stage |
| 2 | Karachi Whites | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0.934 | |
| 3 | Abbottabad | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0.444 | |
| 4 | Rawalpindi | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 8 | −1.004 | |
| 5 | Lahore Blues | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0.239 | |
| 6 | Sialkot | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 4 | −0.717 | |
| 7 | Lahore Whites | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 4 | −1.245 | |
| 8 | FATA | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 2 | −0.766 |
Source: Cricinfo
Matches
Round 1
Rawalpindi 179/7 (20 overs) |
v |
Abbottabad 147/5 (20 overs) |
Mohammad Nawaz 72 (36) Adil Naz 3/45 (4 overs) |
Afaq Ahmed 30 (18) Mohammad Nawaz 2/19 (4 overs) |
- Rawalpindi won the toss and elected to bat.
FATA 103 (16.5 overs) |
v |
Sialkot 106/2 (14.1 overs) |
Salman Khan 23 (28) Sohaibullah 3/8 (3 overs) |
- Sialkot won the toss and elected to field.
Lahore Whites 136/6 (20 overs) |
v |
Peshawar 142/3 (13.1 overs) |
Ahmed Shehzad 53 (35) Azam Khan 2/21 (3 overs) |
- Peshawar won the toss and elected to field.
Karachi Whites 164/9 (20 overs) |
v |
Lahore Blues 145 (19.4 overs) |
- Lahore Blues won the toss and elected to field.
Round 2
Peshawar 186/3 (20 overs) |
v |
Karachi Whites 130 (20 overs) |
- Karachi Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Lahore Blues 148/5 (20 overs) |
v |
Lahore Whites 149/5 (19.5 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to field.
FATA 168/7 (20 overs) |
v |
Rawalpindi 169/3 (18.2 overs) |
Yasir Khan 107 (59) Shahid Aziz 2/38 (4 overs) |
- Rawalpindi won the toss and elected to field.
Sialkot 119/8 (20 overs) |
v |
Abbottabad 120/5 (17.4 overs) |
Tahir Baig 38 (29) Yasir Shah 3/12 (4 overs) |
Sajjad Ali Jnr 50 (45) Bilal Asif 2/24 (4 overs) |
- Sialkot won the toss and elected to bat.
Round 3
Sialkot 163/2 (20 overs) |
v |
Rawalpindi 167/7 (18.4 overs) |
- Rawalpindi won the toss and elected to field.
Abbottabad 188/5 (20 overs) |
v |
FATA 131 (17.2 overs) |
Samiullah 53 (36) Shahab Khan 5/20 (3.2 overs) |
- FATA won the toss and elected to field.
Peshawar 133 (20 overs) |
v |
Lahore Blues 128/8 (20 overs) |
- Lahore Blues won the toss and elected to field.
Karachi Whites 173/7 (20 overs) |
v |
Lahore Whites 110 (16.5 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Round 4
Peshawar 230/4 (20 overs) |
v |
Sialkot 157 (20 overs) |
Momin Waqar 34 (18) Abbas Afridi 3/22 (3) |
- Sialkot won the toss and elected to field.
Karachi Whites 147/6 (20 overs) |
v |
Abbottabad 148/4 (18.5 overs) |
Sajjad Ali Jnr 56 (42) Arif Yaqoob 2/33 (4 overs) |
- Abbottabad won the toss and elected to field.
Lahore Whites 118/6 (20 overs) |
v |
FATA 119/3 (14.3 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to bat.
Lahore Blues 166/3 (20 overs) |
v |
Rawalpindi 102 (17.4 overs) |
- Rawalpindi won the toss and elected to field.
Round 5
Lahore Whites 146/6 (20 overs) |
v |
Rawalpindi 147/5 (19.1 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to field.
- Hasan Rizwan (Lahore Whites) made his T20 debut.
Peshawar 195/4 (20 overs) |
v |
Abbottabad 174/9 (20 overs) |
Sahibzada Farhan 64 (40) Shahab Khan 2/37 (4 overs) |
- Peshawar won the toss and elected to bat.
- Imran Khan (Abbottabad) made his T20 debut.
Round 6
FATA 139/8 (20 overs) |
v |
Karachi Whites 142/2 (19 overs) |
Kashif Noor 32 (23) Arif Yaqoob 4/25 (4 overs) |
Ammad Alam 53 (42) Shahid Aziz 1/16 (2 overs) |
- Karachi Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Abbottabad 205/6 (20 overs) |
v |
Lahore Whites 183/8 (20 overs) |
Sajjad Ali Jnr 90 (51) Mohammad Amir Khan 4/35 (4 overs) |
Mohammad Faiq 63 (35) Shahab Khan 4/33 (4 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to field.
Lahore Blues 149/8 (20 overs) |
v |
Sialkot 151/3 (19.1 overs) |
- Lahore Blues won the toss and elected to bat.
Round 7
Lahore Whites 189/2 (20 overs) |
v |
Sialkot 159 (18.2 overs) |
Mohammad Faiq 110 (60) Bilal Asif 1/25 (3 overs) |
- Lahore Whites won the toss and elected to bat.
Lahore Blues 171/6 (20 overs) |
v |
Abbottabad 174/7 (19.5 overs) |
Junaid Ali 44 (24) Aqib Khan 2/22 (4) |
- Abbottabad won the toss and elected to field.
- Khayam Khan (Abbottabad) made his T20 debut.
FATA 180/3 (20 overs) |
v |
Peshawar 185/4 (19.4 overs) |
- Peshawar won the toss and elected to field.
- Sajjad Ibraheem (Peshawar) made his T20 debut.
Karachi Whites 170/5 (20 overs) |
v |
Rawalpindi 84 (14.1 overs) |
Omair Yousuf 46 (39) Jahandad Khan 3/37 (4 overs) |
Mohammad Nawaz 32 (21) Arif Yaqoob 3/10 (2.1 overs) |
- Karachi Whites won the toss and elected to bat.
Knockout stage
| Semi-finals | Final | ||||||||
| 1 | Peshawar | 169 (19.2 overs) | |||||||
| 3 | Abbottabad | 175/3 (17.5 overs) | |||||||
| 2 | Karachi Whites | 155/9 (20 overs) | |||||||
| 3 | Abbottabad | 146/9 (20 overs) | |||||||
| 4 | Rawalpindi | 177/5 (20 overs) | |||||||
| 2 | Karachi Whites | 178/6 (18.1 overs) | |||||||
Semi-finals
Peshawar 169 (19.2 overs) |
v |
Abbottabad 175/3 (17.5 overs) |
Israrullah 73 (34) Shahab Khan 5/33 (3.2 overs) |
- Abbottabad won the toss and elected to field.
Rawalpindi 177/5 (20 overs) |
v |
Karachi Whites 178/6 (18.1 overs) |
- Rawalpindi won the toss and elected to bat.
Final
Karachi Whites 155/9 (20 overs) |
v |
Abbottabad 146/9 (20 overs) |
Khurram Manzoor 53 (37) Shahab Khan 4/28 (4 overs) |
- Abbottabad won the toss and elected to field.
Awards and statistics
Most runs
| Player | Team | Runs |
|---|---|---|
| Sahibzada Farhan | Peshawar | 492 |
| Kamran Ghulam | Abbottabad | 451 |
| Sajjad Ali | Abbottabad | 442 |
| Omair Yousuf | Karachi Whites | 401 |
| Iftikhar Ahmed | Peshawar | 395 |
- Source: ESPNcricinfo
Most wickets
| Player | Team | Wickets |
|---|---|---|
| Shahab Khan | Abbottabad | 25 |
| Sohail Khan | Karachi Whites | 22 |
| Arif Yaqoob | Karachi Whites | 21 |
| Mohammad Imran | Peshawar | 20 |
| Iftikhar Ahmed | Peshawar | 18 |
- Source: ESPNcricinfo
End of season awards
| Name | Team | Award | Prize |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iftikhar Ahmed | Peshawar | Player of the Tournament | Rs. 250,000 (US$870) |
| Sahibzada Farhan | Peshawar | Batsman of the tournament | Rs. 250,000 (US$870) |
| Shahab Khan | Abbottabad | Bowler of the tournament | Rs. 250,000 (US$870) |
| Sajjad Ali | Abbottabad | Wicket-keeper of the tournament | Rs. 250,000 (US$870) |
Prize
The winning team of the tournament received a prize money of PKR 5 million. Meanwhile, the tournament runners-up were awarded PKR 2.5 million. The player of the tournament was rewarded with PKR 250,000. The same amount was allotted to three other awards; best batter, best bowler and best wicket-keeper of the tournament. The player of the final received PKR 50,000 while the player of the match in each of the Super Eight games and the semi-finals was given PKR 25,000.
References
- ↑ "National T20 2023-24 to start tomorrow in Karachi". Pakistan cricket. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ↑ "National T20 Cup 2023/24". pcb.com.pk. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ↑ "National T20 Cup 2023". ESPNCricInfo. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ↑ "Shoaib Malik eyes Pakistan's return through National T20 Cup". geosuper.tv. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ↑ "Haris Rauf to lead Islamabad as schedule, squads for National T20 confirmed". geosuper.tv. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ↑ "National T20 Cup 2023 begins on November 24 and Format". Sports adda.com. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ↑ "Schedule of National T20 Cup Super Eight confirmed". geosuper.tv. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ↑ "Super Eight stage of National T20 Cup 2023-24 to commence tomorrow". Pakistan Cricket. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ↑ "PCB reveals schedule of National T20 Super 8". cricketpakishant.com.pk. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ↑ "Karachi Whites win the National T20 Cup 2023-24". www.pcb.com.pk. 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
External links
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.