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The second legislative assembly election to the Madras state (presently Tamil Nadu) was held on 31 March 1957. This was the first election held after the linguistic reorganisation of Madras State in 1956. Indian National Congress and its leader, K. Kamaraj won the election and defeated their rival, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. In 1954, due to the resignation of C. Rajagopalachari, for his controversial Kula Kalvi Thittam, the leadership of Congress was contested between K. Kamaraj, and C. Subramaniam (who got the support of M. Bhaktavatsalam). Eventually, K. Kamaraj, won the support of the party, was elected leader and chief minister of Madras State in 1954. In a surprise move, he appointed both M. Bhaktavatsalam and C. Subramaniam, to his cabinet, allowing great unity amongst the Congress that ruled the state of Madras, for the next decade. This election saw future DMK leaders M. Karunanidhi and K. Anbazhagan win their first MLA seats in the legislative assembly.[2]
Delimitation and reorganisation
On 1 October 1953, a separate Andhra State consisting of the Telugu-speaking areas of the composite Madras State was formed, and the Kannada-speaking area of Bellary District was merged with the then Mysore State. This reduced the strength of the Legislative Assembly to 231.
On 1 November 1956, the States Reorganisation Act 1956 took effect, and consequently, the constituencies in the erstwhile Malabar district were merged with the Kerala State. This further reduced the strength to 190. The Tamil-speaking area of Kerala (present-day Kanyakumari district) and Shenkottah taluk were added to Madras State.[3]
According to the new Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 1956, made by the Delimitation Commission of India under the provisions of the State Reorganisation Act, 1956, the strength of the Madras Legislative Assembly was increased to 205.[4] The 1957 elections were conducted for these 205 seats. In 1959, as a result of The Andhra Pradesh and Madras (Alteration of Boundaries) Act 1959, one member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly was allotted to Madras, increasing its Legislative Assembly strength to 206.[4]
Two-member constituencies
Out of the total 167 constituencies in the state, 38 were two-member constituencies, 37 of which had one reserved for Scheduled caste candidates and one for Scheduled tribe candidates.[4] These constituencies were larger in size and had a greater number of voters (more than 1,00,000)[5] when compared to general constituencies. Two separate lists of candidates, a general list and a reserved list, are contested in those constituencies. Each voter had to cast two votes, one for each list.
The two winners were chosen as follows:
- Reserved Member: Candidate with the most votes among the reserved (SC/ST) list candidates
- General Member: Candidate with the most votes among the rest of the candidates, excluding the Reserved Member (including both reserved and general lists).
This system led to anomalies. In some cases, like the Coimbatore-II constituency in the 1957 election, both elected members belonged to the reserved list; the candidate with the second highest number of votes in the reserved list secured more votes than the highest vote-getter in the general list. Multiple members were elected only in the 1952 and 1957 elections, as double-member representation was abolished in 1961 by the enactment of the Two-Member Constituencies Abolition Act, 1961.[6]
Parties and issues
Indian National Congress, Communist Party of India, Forward Bloc, Praja Socialist Party, Socialist Party, Congress Reform Committee (Indian National Democratic Congress), and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) were the major parties contesting this election. This was the first election contested by the DMK since its formation in 1949. The decision to contest elections was taken in 1956 at the party's Trichy conference. The party fielded its candidates in 8 parliamentary and 117 assembly seats as independents since it was not an officially recognised party.[7] The increased Tamilian character of the Congress party after the appointment of K. Kamaraj, a non-Brahman, as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, robbed DMK of its main electoral plank as the sole proponent of Tamil nationalism. It increasingly changed its focus to economic issues and the slower industrialization of the South as an election issue. The DMK election manifesto had a socialist image, and the creation of Dravida Nadu became a side issue as it implicitly accepted the prevailing constitutional order.[8][9]
Periyar E. V. Ramasamy issued a statement in support of K. Kamaraj before the commencement of the election. In October 1956, the central executive of Dravidar Kazhagam resolved to support K. Kamaraj.[10]
Since Mr. Kamaraj has done his best to serve the Tamilians, since he has changed Acharyar's educational system designed to perpetuate the caste system, since he has conferred many jobs and many benefits on Tamilians in the educational and other spheres and since the Brahman and DMK people are trying to oust him from power, it has become the duty of all Tamilians to support Mr. Kamaraj and his followers in the election[10][11]
K. Kamaraj accepted the support of Dravidar Kazhagam and said if the Kazhagam canvassed votes for him out of their own free will, he could not possibly tell them he did not want their votes. He also made it clear that the Congress party cannot support a party that is communal in nature, and he did not in any way share E. V. Ramasamy's views.[10][12]
K. Kamaraj's decision to accept support and provide candidature to some former members of Dravidar Kazhagam caused division within Congress, resulting in a new party called the Congress Reform Committee (CRC). Though the party was created in the last moment, it fielded candidates in 12 parliamentary and 55 assembly seats.[13]
Voting and results
Source: Election Commission of India[14]
Political party | Flag | Seats Contested | Won | % of Seats |
Votes | Vote % | Change in vote % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indian National Congress | 204 | 151 (1) | 73.66 | 50,46,576 | 45.34 | 10.46 | |||
Communist Party of India | 58 | 4 (58) | 1.95 | 8,23,582 | 7.40 | 5.78 | |||
Praja Socialist Party | 23 | 2 (New) | 0.98 | 2,93,778 | 2.64 | New | |||
Independent | 602 | 48 ( 14) | 23.41 | 49,67,060 | 44.62 | N/A | |||
Total Seats | 205 (170) | Voters | 2,39,05,575 | Turnout | 1,11,30,996 (46.56%) |
DMK was not officially recognised as a party by the Election Commission of India until 1962, so it was registered as an independent party. The Congress Reform Committee was the second and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam was the third party in the assembly. Congress won 45% of the vote, the CRC 8%, and the DMK 14%.[13]
By constituency
* | Elected as Chief Minister of Madras State |
** | DMK Candidates contesting as independents |
S.No | Constituency | Winner | Party | Runner Up | Party |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Madras City | |||||
1 | Washermanpet | M. Mayandi Nadar | INC | N. Jeevarathnam | IND |
2 | Harbour | U. Krishna Rao | INC | G. Rajamannar Chettiar | PSP |
3 | Basin Bridge | T. N. Anandanayaki | INC | N. V. Natarajan | IND |
4 | Perambur | 1) Pakkiriswami Pillai 3) Satyavani Muthu |
IND IND |
2) T. S. Govindaswamy 4) T. Rajagopal |
INC INC |
5 | Thousand lights | A. V. P. Asaithambi | IND | K. Venkatasamy Naidu | INC |
6 | Egmore | Anbazhagan | IND | Radhakrishnan | INC |
7 | Triplicane | K. S. G. Haja Shareef | INC | Appadurai | IND |
8 | Mylapore | C. R. Ramaswamy | INC | Kumari S. Vijayalakshmi | PSP |
9 | T. Nagar | K. Vinayakam | INC | A. S. Jesupatham | IND |
Chingleput | |||||
10 | Maduranthakam | 1) O. Venkatasubba Reddy 4) Ellappan |
INC IND |
2) O.N. Doraibabu 3) V.L. Raja |
IND IND |
11 | Chengalpattu | 1) Muthuswamy Naicker 2) Appavu |
INC | 3) Ramachandran 4) Rathinam |
IND |
12 | Saidapet | A. S. Doraiswami Reddiar | INC | N. P. Loganathan | IND |
13 | Ponneri | 1) V. Govindasami Naidu 2) T. P. Elumalai |
INC INC |
3) T. Shanmugam 4) Changam Pillai |
IND IND |
14 | Gummidipundi | Kamalambuiammal | INC | Venugopal Reddy | IND |
15 | Tiruvallur | 1) Eakambara Mudaly 2) V. S. Arunachalam |
INC INC |
3) N. Govindasamy Naidu 4) M. Dharmalingam |
IND IND |
16 | Sriperumbudur | M. Bhaktavatsalam | INC | C. V. M. Annamalai | IND |
17 | Uthiramerur | V. K. Ramaswamy Mudaliar | IND | K. Duraiswamy Nayagar | INC |
18 | Kancheepuram | C. N. Annadurai[15] | IND | P. S. Srinivasan | INC |
North Arcot | |||||
19 | Arakkonam | S. C. Sadayappa Mudaliar | INC | Thomas | IND |
20 | Sholinghur | B. Bhakthavatsalu Naidu | INC | M. Subramanian Naicker | IND |
21 | Cheyyar | P. Ramachandran | INC | V. Darmalinga Nayagar | IND |
22 | Vandavasi | 1) M. Ramachandra Reddy 3) D. Dasarathan |
INC INC |
2) A. Dharma Gounder 4) S. Muthulingam |
IND IND |
23 | Arcot | S. Khader Sheriff | INC | Lachaumanan | IND |
24 | Ranipet | Chandrasekara Naicker | INC | R. A. Subhaan | IND |
25 | Gudiyatham | 1) V. K. Kothandaraman 2) T. Manavalan |
CPI INC |
3) Venkatachalam 4) M. Krishnasami |
INC IND |
26 | Vellore | M. P. Sarathy | IND | Sundara Gounder | CPI |
27 | Ambur | 1) V. K. Krishnamurthy 3) S. R. Munusami |
INC IND |
2) Sampangi Naidu 4) A. R. Rathnasamy |
IND INC |
28 | Arni | P. Doraisamy Reddiar | IND | V. K. Kannan | INC |
29 | Polur | S. M. Annamalai | IND | T. B. Kesava Reddiar | IND |
30 | Thuriniapuram | M. A. Manickavelu | INC | S. Murugan | IND |
31 | Tiruvannamalai | 1) P. U. Shanmugham 2) C. Santhanam |
IND IND |
3) V. K. Annamalai Gounder 4) A. Arumugam |
INC |
32 | Chengam | T. Karia Goundar | INC | R. Venkatachala Mudaliar | IND |
33 | Vaniyambadi | A. A. Rasheed | INC | M. P. Vadivelu Gounder | IND |
34 | Tiruppattur | R. C. Samanna Gounder | INC | Natesa Pillai | IND |
Salem | |||||
35 | Harur | 1) P. M. Munusami Gounder 2) M. K. Mariappan |
INC INC |
3) T. Ponnusamy 4) C. Theerthagiri |
IND IND |
36 | Krishnagiri | S. Nagaraja Manigar | INC | N. Mohanram | IND |
37 | Uddanapalli | Muni Reddi | IND | Venkatakrishna Desai | INC |
38 | Hosur | K. Appavoo Pillai | IND | N. Ramachandra Reddy | INC |
39 | Pennagaram | Hemalatha Devi | INC | D. K. Gorunatha Chettiar | IND |
40 | Dharmapuri | M. Kandasami Kandar | INC | R. S. Veerappa Chetty | IND |
41 | Yercaud | 1) S. Andi Goundan 2) S. Lakshmana Goundar |
INC INC |
3) Raja Paul David 4) Kuppusami Goundan |
IND IND |
42 | Salem I | A. Mariappan Mudaliar | INC | V. R. Nedunchezhiyan | IND |
43 | Salem II | A. Rathnavel Gounder | INC | S. M. Ramiah | CPI |
44 | Veerapandy | M. R. Kandasamy Mudaliar | INC | Chelliah | IND |
45 | Taramangalam | N. S. Sundararajan | INC | Chinnappan | IND |
46 | Mettur | K. S. Ardhanareeswara Gounder | INC | Surendiran | PSP |
47 | Sankari | K. S. Subramanya Gounder | INC | R. Thandavan | IND |
48 | Tiruchengode | 1) T. M. Kaliannan 2) R. Kandaswami |
INC INC |
3) Rangasamy Gounder 4) Komaran |
IND PSP |
49 | Namakkal | 1) P. Kolanda Gounder 3) M. P. Periasami |
INC INC |
2) V. Kaliappan 4) Marudaveeran |
IND IND |
50 | Sendamangalam | T. Sivagnanam Pillai | INC | Somasundara Gounder | IND |
51 | Rasipuram | A. Raja Gounder | INC | K. V. K. Ramaswamy | IND |
52 | Attur | 1) Irusappan 2) M. P. Subramaniam |
IND IND |
3) A. Sambasiva Reddiar 4) M. Arumugham |
INC IND |
South Arcot | |||||
53 | Kallakurichi | 1) Nataraja Odayar 3) M. Anandan |
IND IND |
2) Parthasarathy 4) L. Anandan |
INC INC |
54 | Tirukoilur | 1) S. A. M. Annamalai Odayar 3) Kuppusami |
IND INC |
2) Lakshmi Narasamma 4) Muthusami |
INC IND |
55 | Satyamangalam | K. Gopal Gounder | IND | K. Aranganathan | INC |
56 | Gingee | M. Jangal Reddiar | IND | V. Gopal Gounder | IND |
57 | Tindivanam | 1) P. Veerappa Gounder 2) M. Jagannathan |
IND IND |
3) Venugopal Gounder 4) Pichaikuppan |
INC INC |
58 | Valavanur | A. Govindasami Nayagar | IND | K. M. Krishna Gounder | INC |
59 | Villupuram | Sarangapani Gounder | INC | Shanmuga Udayar | IND |
60 | Ulundurpet | Kandasami Padayachi | INC | Manonmani Ammal | IND |
61 | Cuddalore | Seenivasa Padayachi | INC | Sambandan | IND |
62 | Nellikuppam | 1) Sivachidambara Ramasamy Padayachi 3) S. Thangavelu |
INC INC |
2) Krishnamoorthy Gounder 4) Rajaangam |
IND IND |
63 | Nallur | Vedamanickam | IND | K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar | IND |
64 | Vridhachalam | M. Selvaraj | IND | G. Rajavelu Padayachi | INC |
65 | Bhuvanagiri | Samikannu Padayachi | INC | R. Balagurusamy | IND |
66 | Chidambaram | 1) G. Vagheesam Pillai 2) Swami Sahajananda |
INC INC |
3) Chokalingam 4) Sivasubramaniam |
IND IND |
Tanjore | |||||
67 | Sirkazhi | 1) C. Muthia Pillai 2) K. B. S. Mani |
INC INC |
3) K. Sami Durai Annangar 4) V. Velayutham |
CPI CPI |
68 | Mayuram | 1) G. Narayanasami Naidu 2) P. Jayaraj |
INC INC |
3) M. Kathamuthu 4) A. R. Marianathan |
CPI CPI |
69 | Nannilam | 1) M. D. Thiagaraja Pillai 2) M. C. Muthukumaraswami |
INC INC |
3) S. Arunachalam Pillai 4) P. Appaswamy |
CPI CPI |
70 | Nagapattinam | N. S. Ramalingam | INC | P. Jeevanandam | CPI |
71 | Tiruthuraipundi | 1) V. Vedayyan 2) A. Vedaratnam |
INC INC |
3) C. Kandasamy 4) S. Vadivelu |
CPI CPI |
72 | Mannargudi | T. S. Swaminatha Odayar | INC | S. K. Sivanada Saluvar | IND |
73 | Aduthurai | Ramamirtha Thondaiman | INC | Mohammed Amirdeen | IND |
74 | Kumbakonam | T. Sambath | INC | Neelamegham | IND |
75 | Panjapatti | Karunagiri Muthaiah | INC | P. Poonambala Gounder | IND |
76 | Tiruvayur | R. Swaminatha Merkondar | INC | D. Pakshiraja Moovarayar | IND |
77 | Thanjavur | A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar | INC | R. Gopalakrishnan | IND |
78 | Gandarvakottai | Krishnasami Gopalar | INC | Ramachandra Dorai | IND |
79 | Adiramapattinam | A. R. Marimuthu | PSP | N. Sunderasa Thevar | INC |
80 | Pattukottai | R. Srinivasa Ayyar | INC | V. Arunachala Thevar | IND |
81 | Arantangi | S. Ramasami Thevar | IND | Muthuvel Ambalam | INC |
Tiruchirappalli | |||||
82 | Thirumayam | V. Ramiah | INC | Muthuvairava Ambalagarar | IND |
83 | Alangudi | 1) Arunachala Thevar 2) Chinniah |
INC INC |
Subbiah Balakrishnan |
IND |
84 | Andanallur | Annamalai Muthuraja | INC | E. P. Mathuram | IND |
85 | Tiruchirappalli - I | E. P. Mathuram | IND | T. Durairaj Pillai | INC |
86 | Tiruchirappalli - II | M. Kalyanasundaram | CPI | Subburethinam | INC |
87 | Srirangam | K. Vasudevan | INC | Chitrambalam | IND |
88 | Lalgudi | S. Lazar | INC | Anbil P. Dharmalingam | IND |
89 | T Palur | Subbiah | INC | Ramasamy | IND |
90 | Jayankondam | K. R. Viswanathan | INC | Jayaramulu Chettiar | IND |
91 | Ariyalur | Ramalinga Padayachi | INC | Narayanan | IND |
92 | Perambalur | 1) Krishnasami 3) K. Periyannan |
INC INC |
2) Raja Chidambaram 4) Adimoolam |
IND IND |
93 | Musiri | 1) V. A. Muthaiya 2) T. V. Sannasi |
INC INC |
3) M. P. Muthukaruppan 4) Durairaj |
IND IND |
94 | Karur | T. M. Nallaswamy | INC | K. S. Ramasami | CPI |
95 | Aravakurichi | S. Sadasivam | INC | N. Rathinam | IND |
96 | Kulithalai | M. Karunanidhi | IND | K. A. Dharmalingam | INC |
97 | Papanasam | 1) Venkitachala Nattar 2) R. Subramaniam |
INC INC |
3) Haritharanathan 4) Tajudeen |
IND IND |
98 | Manapparai | N. P. M. Chinnaya Kavundar | INC | A. Rajagopal Pillai | IND |
Ramanathapuram | |||||
99 | Tirukoshtiyur | N. V. Chockalingam | INC | S. Shanmugam | CPI |
100 | Karaikudi | M. A. Muthiah Chettiar | INC | Ganesan Saw | IND |
101 | Sivaganga | D. Subramania Rajkumar | IND | Saminathan | INC |
102 | Tiruvadanai | KR. RM. Kariamanickamambalam | IND | S. Ramakrishnathevar | INC |
103 | Manamadurai | R. Chidambara Bharathi | INC | S. Alagu | IND |
104 | Paramakudi | K. Ramachandran | IND | G. Govindan | INC |
105 | Ramanathapuram | R. Shanmuga Rajeshwara Sethupathi | IND | G. Mangalasamy | CPI |
106 | Mudukulathur | 1) U. Muthuramalinga Thevar 2) A. Perumal |
IND IND |
3) Chinniah 4) A. Krishnan |
INC INC |
107 | Aruppukottai | M. D. Ramasami | IND | A. V. Thiruppathi | INC |
108 | Sattur | K. Kamaraj | INC | Jayarama Reddiar | IND |
109 | Sivakasi | S. Ramasami Naidu | INC | P. Muthuramanuja Thevar | IND |
110 | Srivilliputhur | 1) R. Krishnasami Naidu 2) A. Chinnasami |
INC INC |
3) S. Alagarsamy 4) Gurusami |
CPI IND |
Tirunelveli | |||||
111 | Kovilpatti | V. Suppaya Naicker | IND | Selvaraj | INC |
112 | Kadambur | 1) K. Ramasubbu 2) Sangili |
INC INC |
3) S. Arunachala Nadar 4) V. Suppayan |
IND IND |
113 | Tuticorin | Ponnusami Nadar | INC | M. S. Sivamani | IND |
114 | Srivaikuntam | A. P. C. Veerabahu | INC | Y. Perumal | IND |
115 | Tiruchendur | M. S. Selvaraj | INC | M. R. Meganathan | IND |
116 | Sathankulam | S. P. Adithanar | IND | S. Kandasamy | INC |
117 | Radhapuram | A. V. Thomas | INC | Kartheesan | IND |
118 | Nanguneri | M. G. Sankar Reddiar | INC | S. Madasamy | IND |
119 | Tirunelveli | 1) Rajathi Kunchithapatham 2) Somasundaram |
INC INC |
3) Kandish 4) Ponnusami |
IND PSP |
120 | Ambasamudram | Gomathisankara Deekshidar | INC | Challapandian | IND |
121 | Kadayam | D. S. Athimoolam | IND | A. Balagan | INC |
122 | Tenkasi | K. Sattanatha Karayalar | IND | I. A. Chidambaram Pillai | INC |
123 | Alangulam | Veluchamy Thevar | IND | Nallasivan | CPI |
124 | Sankarankoil | 1) P. Urkavalan 2) A. R. Subbiah Mudaliar |
INC INC |
3) Adinamilagi 4) S. Uthaman |
IND PSP |
Kanyakumari | |||||
125 | Kanyakumari | T. S. Ramaswamy Pillai | IND | Natarajan | INC |
126 | Nagercoil | Chidambaranatha Nadar | INC | C. Sankar | CPI |
127 | Colachel | Lourdammal | INC | S. Doraiswamy | IND |
128 | Padmanabhapuram | Thompson Dharmaraj Daniel | INC | S. Muthukaruppa Pillai | IND |
129 | Killiyur | A. Nesamony | INC | Uncontested | Uncontested |
130 | Vilavancode | M. William | INC | Uncontested | Uncontested |
Madurai | |||||
131 | Uthamapalayam | K. Pandiaraj | INC | P. T. Rajan | IND |
132 | Bodinayakkanur | A. S. Subbaraj | INC | M. Muthiala | IND |
133 | Kodaikanal | M. Alagirisamy | INC | Gurusamy | IND |
134 | Theni | 1) N. R. Thiagarajan 3) N. M. Velappan |
INC INC |
2) S. S. Rajendran 4) A. Ayyanar |
IND IND |
135 | Usilampatti | MUTHU | IND | P. V. Raj | - |
136 | Thirumangalam | A. V. P. Periavala Guruya Reddi | IND | K. Rajaram | INC |
137 | Madurai East | P. K. R. Lakshmi Kanthan | INC | N. Sankaraiah | CPM |
138 | Madurai Central | V. Sankaran | INC | S. Muthu | IND |
139 | Thirupparankundram | S. Chinnakaruppa Thevar | INC | K. P. Janaki | CPI |
140 | Nilakkottai | 1) W. P. A. R. Chandrasekaran 2) A. S. Ponnammal |
INC INC |
3) T. G. Krishnamoorthy 4) M. Vadivel |
IND IND |
141 | Melur | 1) P. Kakkan 2) M. Periyakaruppan Ambalam |
INC INC |
3) K. Paramasivam Ambalan 4) P. Vadivel |
IND IND |
142 | Vadamadurai | Thiruvenkatasamy Naicker | IND | S. Chiinasamy Naidu | INC |
143 | Vedasandur | T. S. Soundaram Ramachandran | INC | Madanagopal | CPI |
144 | Dindigul | M. J. Jamal Mohideen | INC | A. Balasubramaniam | CPI |
145 | Atoor | M. A. B. Arumugasamy Chettiar | INC | V. S. S. Mani Chettiyar | IND |
146 | Oddanchatram | Karuthappa Gounder | INC | Angamuthu Naicker | IND |
147 | Palani | Lakshmipathiraj | INC | Venkitasami Gounder | IND |
Coimbatore | |||||
148 | Udumalpet | S. T. Subbaya Gounder | IND | N. Mounaguruswamy Naidu | INC |
149 | Pollachi | 1) N. Mahalingam 2) K. Ponniah |
INC INC |
3) P. Thangavel Gounder 4) V. K. Rangaswamy |
PSP CPI |
150 | Kovilpalayam | C. Subramaniam | INC | C. Guruswamy Naidu | PSP |
151 | Dharapuram | A. Sanapathi Gounder | INC | P. S. Govindasamy Gounder | IND |
152 | Kangayam | K. G. Palanisamy Gounder | INC | P. Muthuswamy Gounder | IND |
153 | Chennimalai | K. P. Nallasivam | IND | A. Thengappa Gounder | INC |
154 | Erode | V. S. Manickasundaram | INC | K. T. Raju | CPI |
155 | Perundurai | N. K. Palanisami | CPI | Manicka Mudaliar | INC |
156 | Bhavani | 1) G. G. Gurumurthi 2) P. G. Manickam |
INC INC |
3) K. Komarasami Gounder 4) A. Subramanian |
IND IND |
157 | Gobichettipalayam | P. G. Karuthiruman | INC | Mariappan | CPI |
158 | Nambiyur | K. L. Ramaswami | INC | Uncontested | Uncontested |
159 | Tiruppur | K. N. Palanisamy | INC | V. Ponnulinga Gounder | CPI |
160 | Palladam | P. S. Chinnadurai | PSP | Kumarasami Gounder | INC |
161 | Coimbatore - I | Savitri Shanmugam | INC | Bupathy | CPI |
162 | Coimbatore - II | 1) Marudachalam 2) Palaniswamy |
CPI INC |
3) Kuppuswamy 4) P. Veluswamy |
INC PSP |
163 | Sulur | Kulanthai Ammal | INC | K. Ramani | CPI |
164 | Avanashi | K. Marappa Gounder | INC | Karuppa Gounder | IND |
165 | Mettupalayam | D. Raghubadhi Devi | INC | Madhannan | IND |
Nilgiris | |||||
166 | Coonoor | J. Matha Gowder | INC | H. B. Ari Gowder | IND |
167 | Udagamandalam | B. K. Linga Gowder | INC | K. Bhojan | IND |
Kamaraj's second cabinet
Kamaraj's council of ministers during his second tenure as chief minister (1 April 1957 – 1 March 1962)[16]
Minister | Portfolios |
---|---|
K. Kamaraj | Chief Minister, Public, Planning and Development (including Local development Works, Women's Welfare, Community Projects and Rural Welfare), National Extension Scheme |
M. Bhaktavatsalam | Home |
C. Subramaniam | Finance |
R. Venkataraman | Industries |
M. A. Manickavelu Naicker | Revenue |
P. Kakkan | Works |
V. Ramaiah | Electricity |
Lourdhammal Simon | Local Administration |
See also
Footnotes and references
- ↑ "Madras Legislative Assembly, 1952-1957, A Review" (PDF). assembly.tn.gov.in. Legislative Assembly Department Madras-2. March 1957. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2021.
- ↑ Tamil Nadu Government website
- ↑ "Reorganisation of States, 1955" (PDF). The Economic Weekly. 15 October 1955. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 The State Legislature - Origin and Evolution Archived 13 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Constituent Assembly of India Debates Vol IV, Friday 18 July 1947" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
- ↑ Hasan, Zoya; Sridharan, Eswaran; Sudharshan, R (2005). India's living constitution: ideas, practices, controversies. Anthem Press. pp. 360–63. ISBN 978-1-84331-136-2.
- ↑ Kohli, Atul (2001). The success of India's democracy. Cambridge University Press. p. 89. ISBN 0-521-80530-9.
- ↑ Robert L. Hardgrave Jr. (1964–1965). "The DMK and the Politics of Tamil Nationalism". Pacific Affairs. 37 (4): 396–411. doi:10.2307/2755132. JSTOR 2755132.
- ↑ Manivannan, R. (25 January 1992). "1991 Tamil Nadu Elections: Issues, Strategies and Performance". Economic and Political Weekly. 27 (4): 164–170. JSTOR 4397536.
- 1 2 3 Lloyd I. Rudolph (May 1961). "Urban Life and Populist Radicalism: Dravidian Politics in Madras". The Journal of Asian Studies. 20 (3): 283–297. doi:10.2307/2050816. JSTOR 2050816. S2CID 145124008.
- ↑ The Hindu (10 October 1956)
- ↑ The Hindu (6 March 1957)
- 1 2 James R. Roach (May 1957), "India's 1957 elections", Far Eastern Survey, 26 (5): 65–78, doi:10.2307/3024537, JSTOR 3024537
- 1 2 "Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ↑ 1957 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India '
- ↑ Kandaswamy. P (2008). The political Career of K. Kamaraj. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 62–64. ASIN B00069WY4K. OCLC 46929395.