Chennai District
Madras
District of Tamil Nadu
View of Marina Beach
View of Marina Beach
Nicknames: 
Location in Tamil Nadu
Location in Tamil Nadu
Coordinates: 13°5′2″N 80°16′12″E / 13.08389°N 80.27000°E / 13.08389; 80.27000
Country India
State Tamil Nadu
RegionChola Nadu
HeadquartersChennai
TalukasAlandur, Aminjikarai, Ambattur, Ayanavaram, Egmore, Guindy, Madhavaram, Manali, Maduravoyal, Mylapore, Mambalam, Purasawalkam, Perambur, Shollinganallur, Thiruvottiyur, Tondiarpet, Velachery
Government
 • District CollectorTmt.S.Amirtha Jothi, IAS
 • Commissioner of Police Greater ChennaiShankar Jiwal, IPS
Area
[3]
 • Total426 km2 (164 sq mi)
Elevation
6.7 m (22.0 ft)
Population
 (2011)[4]
 • Total6,748,026
 • Density16,000/km2 (41,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Chennaiite
Chennaikaran
Languages
 • OfficialTamil
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
600XXX
Telephone code44
ISO 3166 code044
Vehicle registrationTN01
To
TN10
TN13
TN14
TN18
TN22
Sex ratio951 female / 1000 male[5]
Literacy90.33%[5]
Websitehttps://chennai.nic.in/

Chennai district, formerly known as Madras district,[lower-alpha 1] is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the smallest and the most densely populated district in the state. The district is coterminous with the city of Chennai, which is administered by the Greater Chennai Corporation. It is surrounded by Tiruvallur district in the north and the west, Kanchipuram district in the south-west, Chenglpattu district in the south, and the Bay of Bengal in the east.

As of 2011, the district had a population of 67,48,026 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males.[5] Much of the district's population descended from its settlements in the 1st century CE to the Middle Ages, but the diversity has grown much since then. The district consists of only one civic body, the megacity of Chennai, which forms the core and the most notable portion of the much bigger Chennai metropolis, or officially, the Chennai Metropolitan Area. In 2018, the district's limits were expanded, aligning with that of the newly expanded Greater Chennai Corporation, which had annexed adjacent municipalities. It resulted in the area being increased from 175 square kilometres (68 sq mi) to 426 square kilometres (164 sq mi).[3][6] The district is divided into three revenue divisions and ten taluks.

Etymology

The name Chennai was derived from Damarla Chennappa Nayak, the father of a general of the Vijayanagar Empire.[7]

Geography

Chennai district covers an area of 426 km2 located on the Eastern Coastal Plains of India. It is situated on the northeastern corner of Tamil Nadu along the Coramandel coast, a region bounded by the Bay of Bengal and is surrounded inland by the districts of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram and Chengalpattu. It lies between 12°59' and 13°9' of the northern latitude and 80°12' and 80°19' of the eastern longitude at an average altitude of 6 metres above sea level on a 'sandy shelving breaker swept' beach. Terrain slope varies from 1:5000 to 1:10,000.[8] The terrain is very flat with contours ranging from 2 m to 10 m above mean sea level with a few isolated hillocks in the southwest beyond the district limits at St. Thomas Mount, Pallavaram and Tambaram.[9]

The district runs inland in a rugged semi-circular fashion and its coastline is about 25.60 km (2.5% of the total coastline of Tamil Nadu). Because of its strategic location and economic importance, it is referred to as the "Gateway of South India." The drainage system includes two rivers, namely, Cooum (flowing in the northern part) and Adyar (flowing in the southern part), a canal (the Buckingham), and a stream (the Otteri Nullah) slicing the district into several islands.

The district falls under Seismic Zone III indicating a moderate risk of earthquake. Geologically the district is divided into three regions, namely, sandy, clayey and hard-rock regions. The soil comprises clay, shale and sandstone.[10]

Of the total land area, reserved forests cover 2.71 km2 and is concentrated in and around the Guindy National Park region, one of the few national parks in the world located within a city. The forest cover of the district is as follows:[11]

Class Area (Ha) Percentage
Dense forest151.011.16
Moderate dense TOF121.160.93
Non-forest12,215.5694.06
Open forest114.240.88
Open TOF153.731.18
Water231.461.78
Total12,987.16100

Climate

Chennai has Tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw)

Climate data for Chennai, India
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33
(91)		 37
(99)		 39
(102)		 43
(109)		 45
(113)		 43
(109)		 41
(106)		 40
(104)		 39
(102)		 39
(102)		 34
(93)		 33
(91)		 45
(113)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29
(84)		 31
(88)		 33
(91)		 35
(95)		 38
(100)		 38
(100)		 36
(97)		 35
(95)		 34
(93)		 32
(90)		 29
(84)		 29
(84)		 33
(92)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19
(66)		 20
(68)		 22
(72)		 26
(79)		 28
(82)		 27
(81)		 26
(79)		 26
(79)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 24
(75)
Record low °C (°F) 14
(57)		 15
(59)		 17
(63)		 20
(68)		 21
(70)		 21
(70)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 21
(70)		 17
(63)		 15
(59)		 14
(57)		 14
(57)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.2
(0.64)		 3.7
(0.15)		 3.0
(0.12)		 13.6
(0.54)		 48.9
(1.93)		 53.7
(2.11)		 97.8
(3.85)		 149.7
(5.89)		 109.1
(4.30)		 282.7
(11.13)		 350.3
(13.79)		 138.2
(5.44)		 1,266.9
(49.88)
Source: Indian Meteorological Department[12]

Demographics

According to 2011 census, Chennai district had a population of 4,646,732 in unexpanded old limits area of 176 sq.km. with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.78% and 0.22% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 81.27%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[5] With the expanded limits to 426 sq. km. Chennai district had a population of 6,748,026 as per 2011 census data.[4]

The district had a total of 1,154,982 households. There were a total of 1,817,297 workers, comprising 10,210 cultivators, 10,251 main agricultural labourers, 29,143 in house hold industries, 1,569,950 other workers, 197,743 marginal workers, 4,244 marginal cultivators, 3,423 marginal agricultural labourers, 8,202 marginal workers in household industries and 181,874 other marginal workers.[13]

Religion

Religion in Chennai district (2011)
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 80.73%
Islam
 
 9.45%
Christianity
 
 7.72%
Jainism
 
 1.11%
Other or not stated
 
 0.93%

Administration and politics

Divisions of Chennai district.

In 2013, five taluks on the district were split to create five new ones: Velachery, Purasawalkam, Ayanavaram, Aminjikarai and Guindy.[14]

In January 2018, the state government announced that the district will be expanded to match the boundaries of the Greater Chennai Corporation. This will integrate six additional taluks from Tiruvallur and Kanchipuram districts into the Chennai district. The new divisions and taluks of the district will be:[3][6]

Revenue divisions and taluks

Members of Parliament

PC No. Constituency Political
Party		 Elected
Representative
1 Chennai North DMK V. Kalanithi Veerasamy
2 Chennai South DMK T. Thamizhachi Thangapandian
3 Chennai Central DMK M. Dhayanithi Maaran
4 Sriperumbudur (partially) DMK T.R.Baalu

Politics

Source:[15][16]
District No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks
Chennai 7 Maduravoyal K. Ganapathy Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
8 Ambattur Joseph Samuel Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
9 Madavaram S. Sudharsanam Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
10 Thiruvottiyur K. P. Shankar Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
11 Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar J. J. Ebenezer Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
12 Perambur R. D. Shekar Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
13 Kolathur M. K. Stalin Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA Chief Minister
14 Villivakkam A. Vetriazhagan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
15 Thiru-Vi-Ka-Nagar (SC) P. Sivakumar (A) Thayagam Kavi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
16 Egmore (SC) I. Paranthamen Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
17 Royapuram Idream R. Murthy Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
18 Harbour P. K. Sekar Babu Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
19 Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni Udhayanidhi Stalin Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
20 Thousand Lights Dr. Ezhilan Naganathan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
21 Anna Nagar M. K. Mohan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
22 Virugampakkam A. M. V. Prabhakara Raja Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
23 Saidapet M. Subramanian Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
24 Thiyagaraya Nagar J. Karunanithi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
25 Mylapore Dha. Velu Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
26 Velachery J. M. H. Aassan Maulaana Indian National Congress SPA
27 Shozhinganallur S. Aravind Ramesh Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
28 Alandur T. M. Anbarasan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Both of these terms are also often used as metonyms for the Chennai metropolitan area's trading and financial services industries, which continue a notable history of being largely based in the city. The name Chennai is colloquially used for a far wider area than just the city. Chennai most often denotes the sprawling Chennai metropolis, including parts from the three districts of Tamil Nadu adjacent to the city/district of Chennai itself. This wider usage of Chennai is documented as far back as 1639, when the Madras Municipal Corporation was created.

References

  1. ↑ "Chennai has emerged as India's Detroit". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  2. ↑ "India Is Becoming A Hub For 'Medical Tourists' — Despite The 'Million Dollar Difference' In Care". Business Insider. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 Dennis S. Jesudasan (5 January 2018). "Chennai district doubles in size". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  4. 1 2 "Chennai District | Government of Tamil Nadu | Gateway of South India | India".
  5. 1 2 3 4 "District Census Handbook Chennai, Part XII - B" (PDF). Census of India 2011. 16 June 2014.
  6. 1 2 Yogesh, Kabirdoss (19 January 2018). "Chennai district boundaries likely to be redrawn on April 1". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  7. ↑ "District Profile, Chennai". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  8. ↑ "Session-3 River and Drainage System in CMA" (PDF). CMDA. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  9. ↑ Chapter IX Macro Drainage System in CMA
  10. ↑ John, Ekatha Ann (29 September 2012). "Disaster body for panel to monitor highrises in Chennai". The Times of India. Chennai. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  11. ↑ "Forest at Glance". Tamil Nadu Forest Department. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011.
  12. ↑ "Climatological Information for Chennai". Indian Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
  13. ↑ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Chennai district". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  14. ↑ Mariappan, Julie (21 December 2013). "Chennai now has 10 taluks, as govt gets close to you". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  15. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners". CNBCTV18. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  16. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Full list of winners". www.indiatvnews.com. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
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