zmiana

See also: zmianą

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienic.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈzmjana/
  • Syllabification: zmia‧na

Noun

zmiana f

  1. change, shift (quality of not being the same as before)
  2. shift (scheduled period of time for a group of workers)
  3. shift (group of workers working at that defined period)

Derived terms

adjective
adverb
  • na zmianã
noun
  • zmienionosc
verbs
  • mienic impf, mieniac impf
  • zmienic pf, zmieniac impf, zmieniwac impf

Further reading

  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “zmjana”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 271
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “zmiana”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi, volume 2, page 1579
  • zmiana”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienić. First attested in the 16th century.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈzmja.na/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈzmja.na/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ana
  • Syllabification: zmia‧na

Noun

zmiana f

  1. change, shift (process or result of not being the same as before)
  2. change (process or result of replacing someone or something)
  3. shift (time in which a different group of workers start working)
    pierwsza/druga/trzecia zmianafirst/second/third shift
  4. shift (workers working at such a time)
  5. change (set of sheets for sleeping)
  6. (obsolete, theater) scene (part of a play or musical in which the curtains drop and decorations change)
    Synonym: odsłona
  7. (obsolete, agriculture) division of a field during crop rotation

Declension

Derived terms

adjective
adverb
noun
  • zmiana warty
adverb
nouns
verbs

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), zmiana is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 80 times in scientific texts, 36 times in news, 68 times in essays, 19 times in fiction, and 6 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 209 times, making it the 265th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

References

  1. Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “zmiana”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  2. Ida Kurcz (1990) “zmiana”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 777

Further reading

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmiynić.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈzmjana/
  • Rhymes: -ana
  • Syllabification: zmia‧na

Noun

zmiana f (diminutive zmianka or zmiynka)

  1. change, shift (quality of not being the same as before)
  2. shift (scheduled period of time for a group of workers)
  3. shift (group of workers working at that defined period)
verbs
  • miynić impf
  • zmiynić pf, zmiyniać impf

Further reading

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