ynganu
Welsh
Alternative forms
- yngan
Etymology
From Middle Welsh ynganu. By surface analysis, yn- + canu.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /əˈŋanɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /əˈŋa(ː)ni/
- Rhymes: -anɨ̞
Verb
ynganu (first-person singular present ynganaf)
- to speak, to utter
- to pronounce, to enunciate, to articulate
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | ynganaf | yngeni | yngan, yngana | ynganwn | yngenwch, ynganwch | ynganant | yngenir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
ynganwn | ynganit | ynganai | ynganem | ynganech | ynganent | yngenid | |
| preterite | yngenais | yngenaist | ynganodd | ynganasom | ynganasoch | ynganasant | ynganwyd | |
| pluperfect | ynganaswn | ynganasit | ynganasai | ynganasem | ynganasech | ynganasent | ynganasid, ynganesid | |
| present subjunctive | ynganwyf | yngenych | yngano | ynganom | ynganoch | ynganont | ynganer | |
| imperative | — | yngana | ynganed | ynganwn | yngenwch, ynganwch | ynganent | ynganer | |
| verbal noun | ynganu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | ynganedig ynganadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | yngana i, ynganaf i | yngani di | ynganith o/e/hi, ynganiff e/hi | ynganwn ni | ynganwch chi | ynganan nhw |
| conditional | ynganwn i, ynganswn i | ynganet ti, ynganset ti | ynganai fo/fe/hi, yngansai fo/fe/hi | ynganen ni, yngansen ni | ynganech chi, yngansech chi | ynganen nhw, yngansen nhw |
| preterite | ynganais i, ynganes i | ynganaist ti, ynganest ti | ynganodd o/e/hi | ynganon ni | ynganoch chi | ynganon nhw |
| imperative | — | yngana | — | — | ynganwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- ynganiad (“pronunciation”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| ynganu | unchanged | unchanged | hynganu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ynganu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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